Hand hygiene and glove use behavior in an Italian hospital.

In an Italian hospital, we observed that hand hygiene was performed in 638 (19.6%) of 3,253 opportunities, whereas gloves were worn in 538 (44.2%) 1,218 of opportunities. We observed an inverse correlation between the intensity of care and the rate of hand hygiene compliance (R2=0.057; P<.001), but no such association was observed for the rate of glove use compliance (R2=0.014; P=.078). Rates of compliance with hand hygiene and glove use recommendations follow different behavioral patterns.     

Effective hand hygiene education with the use of flipcharts in a hospital in El Salvador

In developing countries, continuing education for healthcare staff may be limited by staff shortages and lack of sophisticated means of delivery. These limitations have implications for compliance with an important infection control practice, namely good hand hygiene. A comparison was made between the efficacy of two educational tools commonly used in healthcare and practical sanitation settings in developing countries, i.e. videotapes and flipcharts, in delivering hand hygiene education to 67 nurses in a paediatric hospital in El Salvador. Efficacy was measured on the basis of scores obtained in pre- and post-training tests consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions. Half of the nurses received video-based instruction and half received instruction via flipcharts. Both methods of instruction increased participants' knowledge of good hand hygiene, and the extent of knowledge acquisition by the two methods was similar. Feedback obtained from flipchart users six months after training indicated that most of the respondents used the flipchart to teach hand hygiene to patients' families (62.5%), patients (50%) and healthcare workers (43.8%). Flipchart users ranked flipcharts as their favourite educational tool. Flipcharts offer an economical, easy-to-use, non-technological yet effective alternative to videotapes for delivering education in developing countries. Although the use of flipcharts requires a skilled and well-trained instructor, flipcharts could be used more widely to deliver education in resource-poor settings.     

Successful hand hygiene in hospital

Healthy skin and especially hand skin is a good individual barrier. On terms of healthy skin the hand washing and disinfection methods will effectively remove transient and lower resident flora if needed. Disturbed skin on the other hand may harbor pathogens like gram negative rods or Staphylococcus aureus strains as part of resident flora. Even the best hand hygiene methods will fail. There for other more gentle hand hygiene methods should be tested in use situations too. The alternatives are especially important for those layable to skin problems during dry and cold periods. Preliminary emulsion cleansing and then rinsing to traditional water and soap washing has shown to be a possibly hand skin caring alternative, which results in good reduction of bacteria when connected with alcohol disinfection.     

某三级甲等医院ICU工作人员手卫生依从性及正确性调查分析

目的 研究某三级甲等医院重症监护病房(ICU)工作人员手卫生依从性及正确性,为手卫生干预提供理论基础。方法 2023年4月,专职感染监控人员对该院17个ICU的工作人员进行现场调查,填写手卫生依从性和正确性监测表。结果 使用隐蔽观察法共观察874次手卫生时机,执行手卫生时机501次,依从率57.32%,正确执行273次,正确率54.49%。不同ICU工作人员手卫生依从率及正确率差异较大。不同岗位工作人员手卫生依从率和正确率比较差异有统计学意义,保洁员的手卫生依从率(31.97%)低于护士(63.83%)、医生(58.77%)和其他人员(58.14%);保洁员的手卫生正确率(30.77%)低于护士(58.17%)。不同岗位人员及不同手卫生时刻未执行手卫生的原因差异有统计学意义：接触患者后未执行任何手卫生措施的比率(84.75%)高于接触患者前(41.27%)、清洁无菌操作前(30.00%)、接触血液体液后(45.45%);接触患者周围环境后未执行任何手卫生措施的比率(66.67%)高于接触患者前和清洁无菌操作前。不同岗位工作人员手卫生步骤不全的比率及时间不够的比率比较差异有统计学意义,其...     

医务人员手卫生依从性调查

目的对某院医务人员手卫生采取综合干预措施,比较干预前后医务人员手卫生执行情况,评价干预效果。方法2013年4-6月为该院医务人员手卫生基线调查阶段,2013年7月开始实施干预,2013年10-12月为干预后效果评价阶段。调查人员利用调查表,隐蔽观察医务人员手卫生执行情况。 结果通过多种干预措施,医务人员手卫生依从率为53.86%,显著高于干预前的38.02%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=181.82,P＜0.05）;内科、外科、重症监护室手卫生依从率均高于干预前（均P＜0.05）。干预后,不同操作时机医务人员整体手卫生依从率为53.45%(2 044/3 824),显著高于干预前的41.87%(1 740/4 156)（χ2=107.2,P＜0.05）;除无菌操作,其余4个操作时机医务人员手卫生依从率均高于干预前（均P＜0.05）;不同岗位医务人员手卫生依从率均高于干预前（均P＜0.05）。结论采取积极的手卫生干预措施,可有效提高医务人员手卫生依从性。     

Multicenter intervention program to increase adherence to hand hygiene recommendations and glove use and to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a multimodal intervention could improve adherence to hand hygiene and glove use recommendations and decrease the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in different types of healthcare facilities. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study performed from October 1, 1999, through December 31, 2002. We monitored adherence to hand hygiene and glove use recommendations and the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among isolates from clinical cultures. We evaluated trends in and predictors for adherence and preferential use of alcohol-based hand rubs, using multivariable analyses. SETTING: Three intervention hospitals (a 660-bed acute and long-term care hospital, a 120-bed community hospital, and a 600-bed public teaching hospital) and a control hospital (a 700-bed university teaching hospital).Intervention. At the intervention hospitals, we introduced or increased the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, initiated an interactive education program, and developed a poster campaign; at the control hospital, we only increased the availability of alcohol-based hand rub. RESULTS: We observed 6,948 hand hygiene opportunities. The frequency of hand hygiene performance or glove use significantly increased during the study period at the intervention hospitals but not at the control hospital; the maximum quarterly frequency of hand hygiene performance or glove use at intervention hospitals (74%, 80%, and 77%) was higher than that at the control hospital (59%). By multivariable analysis, preferential use of alcohol-based hand rubs rather than soap and water for hand hygiene was more likely among workers at intervention hospitals compared with nonintervention hospitals (adjusted odds ratio, 4.6 [95% confidence interval, 3.3-6.4]) and more likely among physicians (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.8]) than among nurses at intervention hospitals. A significantly reduced incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among isolates from clinical culture was found at a single intervention hospital, which had the greatest increase in the frequency of hand hygiene performance. CONCLUSIONS: During a 3-year period, a multimodal intervention program increased adherence to hand hygiene recommendations, especially to the use of alcohol-based hand rubs. In one hospital, a concomitant reduction was found in the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among isolates from clinical cultures.     

某康复医院手卫生管理效果评价

目的了解采取手卫生管理策略对提高医护人员手卫生依从性的效果。方法对某院临床科室手卫生设施配备情况和医护人员手卫生执行情况进行督查,比较2012年4月和2013年4月（干预前后）医护人员手卫生的依从性。结果2013年4月,抗菌洗手液和干手物品配备合格率分别为88.89%、66.67%,明显高于2012年4月的18.18%和0;医护人员洗手方法合格率（96.43%）和手卫生依从率（81.15%）亦显著高于2012年4月（分别为63.64%、51.40%）,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;医护人员接触患者前后和接触患者物品后手卫生依从性均显著高于2012年4月（均P＜0.05）。结论采取有效的手卫生管理策略,可提高医护人员手卫生依从性,保障医疗安全。     

某院医务人员手卫生依从性调查

目的调查某院医务人员手卫生的依从性现状。方法采用隐蔽式现场观察的方法,根据《医务人员手卫生规范》,对128名医务人员接触患者前后手卫生的依从性进行调查。结果128名医务人员中,接触患者前后执行手卫生者40人,手卫生依从率31.25%。手卫生依从率最高的科室为重症监护室（53.85%）,其次为妇产科（36.36%）、内科（34.62%）、急诊科（25.00%）和外科（20.00%）;不同岗位间,手卫生依从率最高的是护士（48.57%）,其次为医生（38.71%）、实习护士（20.83%）、实习医生（16.67%）、护工和保洁员（15.38%）。结论该院医务人员手卫生依从性不高,应加强宣教、监督和管理。     

Quality of hand hygiene in a pediatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

We assessed the quality of hand hygiene among healthcare workers at a pediatrics hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hand hygiene was performed in 491 (34%) of 1,455 opportunities. Of these hand hygiene events, correct performance was observed in only 173 (35%). Multivariate analysis revealed that correct performance of hand hygiene was associated with the use of an alcohol-based product and a lack of jewelry (for all events) and employment in an infirmary with a comparatively higher ratio of nurses to patients (for events involving nurses).     

手部卫生与医院感染的研究进展

医疗机构中医务人员手上携带的细菌已成为医院感染的主要致病源,这些病原体不仅可从已感染伤口或引流伤口处获得,还可从正常、完整的皮肤区域获得。手的清洗和消毒是防止医院感染的最重要措施之一。论文概述了手清洗、卫生手消毒和外科手消毒的分类定义。并对目前使用的酒精、洗必泰葡萄糖酸盐、碘伏、六氯酚、三氯生等各类手卫生产品的作用机理、效果对比及其特点进行了讨论。总结了手卫生存在的一些问题,包括医护人员手卫生遵守率低下,医疗机构对手卫生的重视不足,细菌对消毒剂敏感度的降低和消毒剂使用中发生的接触性皮炎等。并就如何降低接触性皮炎的发生率、减少杀菌剂不利效果的方法、提高手卫生遵守率等一些最新的旨在改进手卫生状况的策略和对策进行阐述。     

The importance of soap selection for routine hand hygiene in hospital.

Five different types of liquid soap were studied in hospital wards, each during two months'' use. Altogether 1306 finger print samples were taken from the hands of the staff by sampling twice a week and the acceptability of the soaps was measured by a questionnaire. During the use of different soaps only slight differences were found in the numbers of total bacteria or in the occurrence of Staph. aureus and gram-negative bacilli on the hands. During the use of the emulsion-type product studied, several persons who had dermatological problems had lower mean bacterial counts of the fingers than during the use of the other soaps. This soap was also favourably accepted by the staff. After over one year''s use of pine oil soap and alcohol, the staff of the hospital was satisfied with the method. However, several persons with skin problems admitted to not using soap or alcohol. The considerable differences found in the acceptability of soaps imply that for use in hospital the choice of a soap acceptable to the nursing staff is important in promoting proper hand hygiene.     

Association between hand hygiene compliance and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in a French rehabilitation hospital.

We simultaneously investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compliance with hand hygiene in the clinical wards of a French rehabilitation hospital. We found that the rate of hand hygiene compliance observed at the patient's bedside was a strong predictor of MRSA prevalence.     

Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals.

Hand hygiene prevents cross-infection in hospitals, but compliance with recommended instructions often is poor among healthcare workers. Although some previous interventions to improve compliance have been successful, none has achieved lasting improvement. This article reviews reported barriers to appropriate hand hygiene and factors associated with poor compliance. Easy access to hand hygiene in a timely fashion and the availability of skin-care lotion both appear to be necessary prerequisites for appropriate hand-hygiene behavior. In particular, in high-demand situations, hand rub with an alcohol-based solution appears to be the only alternative that allows a decent compliance. The hand-hygiene compliance level does not rely on individual factors alone, and the same can be said for its promotion. Because of the complexity of the process of change, it is not surprising that solo interventions often fail, and multimodal, multidisciplinary strategies are necessary. A framework that includes parameters to be considered for hand-hygiene promotion is proposed, based on epidemiologically driven evidence and review of the current knowledge. Strategies for promotion in hospitals should include reasons for noncompliance with recommendations at individual, group, and institutional levels. Potential tools for change should address each of these elements and consider their interactivity.