甲磺酸罗哌卡因在老年下肢手术中的效果观察

目的 探讨甲磺酸罗哌卡因在老年下肢手术患者中的可行性和安全性.方法 选择行下肢手术的老年患者60例,采用甲磺酸罗哌卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞,观察阻滞起效时间及对血压、心率、血氧饱和度的影响.结果 甲磺酸罗哌卡因对血压、心率、血氧饱和度均无明显影响,感觉阻滞起效时间(1.35±0.23)min,运动阻滞起效时间(3.56±0.67)min,维持时间(102.41±35.23)min.结论 甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于老年患者下肢手术麻醉效果满意,不良反应少,且安全可靠.     

罗哌卡因腰硬联合阻滞在老年下肢手术中的应用

目的探讨低浓度小剂量罗哌卡因腰麻一硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉在老年患者下肢手术中应用安全性。方法选择50例老年患者下肢择期手术，穿刺点L2～L3或L3-L4局麻药10％葡萄糖配制的0．5％罗哌卡因重比重液1．0—1．5mL，头置管平面控制T10以下。结果SBP、MAP、HR、SpO2与麻醉前比差异无显著性，麻醉效果满意，术中术后无恶心、呕吐、头痛，尿潴留发生率为8％。结论罗哌卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉在老年患者下肢手术中是安全可靠的。     

腰-硬联合麻醉用于老年人下肢手术对血流动力学的影响

目的 观察腰-硬联合麻醉(CSEA)用于老年人下肢手术的临床效果及对血流动力学的影响.方法 取60～90岁的老年下肢手术患者70例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,采用等比重0.5%罗哌卡因行腰-硬联合麻醉,记录麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后10min(T1)、20min(T2)、30min(T3)、40min(T4)的SBP、DBP、HR.结果 术中血流动力学稳定,无并发症发生.结论 小剂量等比重罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于老年患者下肢手术,具有起效迅速、麻醉效果满意和血流动力学稳定的优点,值得推广.     

罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果

目的探讨罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋关节置换术中的应用效果。方法 60例行髋关节置换术的老年患者按随机数字表法分为两组,各30例。对照组行罗哌卡因硬膜外麻醉,观察组行罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉。比较两组麻醉优良率、生命体征变化和麻醉相关指标。结果观察组麻醉优良率高于对照组(P0.05);两组麻醉前生命体征无统计学差异(P0.05);观察组麻醉5 min、30 min后收缩压、舒张压、心率低于对照组,麻醉阻滞时间、阻滞完善时间短于对照组(P0.05)。结论罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉可增强老年髋关节置换术患者麻醉效果,缩短麻醉阻滞时间,利于维持术中血压、心率稳定,确保手术顺利进行。     

罗哌卡因用于老年人腰硬联合阻滞的临床观察

目的观察罗哌卡因腰硬联合阻滞用于老年病人下肢手术的麻醉效果。方法老年下肢手术患者40例,分为两组,每组20例,采用腰硬联合阻滞,穿刺点L3-4。脊麻A组：用0．894％甲磺酸罗哌卡因1．0—1．3ml加10％葡萄糖至2．0ml;B组：以0．75％布比卡因1．0—1．3ml加10％葡萄糖至2．0ml。结果两组均能提供比较完善的麻醉效果。罗哌卡因组与布比卡因组相比较,感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞恢复时间、感觉阻滞恢复时间均有统计学意义。术中及术后低血压心动过缓、恶心呕吐、尿潴留等并发症及不良反应两组亦有统计学意义;呼吸抑制、头痛两组无统计学意义。结论0．894％的罗哌卡因用于老年人腰硬联合阻滞效果优于0．75％的布比卡因,在老年患者下肢手术中相对安全可靠。     

腰-硬联合麻醉对老年患者术中血压和心率的影响

目的:观察腰硬联合麻醉(combinedspinalandepiduralanesthesia,CSEA)在老年患者中应用时对血压和心率的影响。方法:选取行下腹部及下肢择期手术的老年患者80例,年龄65～90岁,全部病人麻醉穿刺前均经静脉输注血定安500ml预充血容量。根据手术部位选L2-3或L3-4穿刺行CSEA,腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因1～1.6ml+50%葡萄糖0.2～0.3ml。对于手术时间长,腰麻作用消退者,经硬外导管注0.375%～0.5%罗哌卡因维持麻醉。观察记录病人腰麻注药前、注药15min及注药30min时的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)变化。结果:注药15min时的SBP较注药前及注药30min均有明显降低(P<0.05),注药前和注药30min时SBP无明显差异。各时点的HR、DBP、SpO2无差异。结论:CSEA应用于老年患者时术中血压和心率平稳。     

小剂量罗哌卡因连续腰麻在老年患者下肢手术中的应用

目的：观察小剂量罗哌卡因连续腰麻在老年患者下肢手术中的临床效果。方法择期行下肢手术的老年患者120例,年龄60～89岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级,按随机数字表法随机分为 A、B 2组,每组60例。2组均选择 L2～3间隙穿刺,A 组向蛛网膜下腔头侧置入 G25腰麻导管2～3cm,患者平卧后给予0．5％重比重罗哌卡因负荷量1.0mL,以后每次追加0．5mL;B 组向蛛网膜下腔一次性给予0．5％重比重罗哌卡因2～3mL,并经硬膜外向头侧置管3～4cm。观察并记录2组麻醉前（基础值）和麻醉后5min、15min、30min、60min 时的收缩压（systolic blood pressure,SBP）、舒张压（diastolic blood pressure,DBP）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）、心率（heart rate,HR）和脉搏血氧饱和度（pulse oxygen saturation,SpO2）;用针刺法测定感觉神经阻滞程度;用改良 Bromage评分记录运动神经阻滞程度;记录术中使用麻黄碱、阿托品的例数以及术中和术后3d 并发症的发生情况。结果 A组麻醉后各时间点 SBP、DBP 和 MAP 有轻微下降,B 组麻醉后各时间点 SBP、DBP 和 MAP 是先下降后上升,时间因素及时间与分组的交互作用差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。感觉神经阻滞平面 A 组中位数为 T10,B 组中位数为T8,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;2组运动神经阻滞差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）,麻醉效果均满意。术中 A 组低血压发生率明显低于 B 组（P ＜0．05）。术后3d 随访,2组患者均未出现马尾综合征等神经系统并发症。结论小剂量罗哌卡因连续腰麻具有麻醉效果满意、血流动力学稳定、麻醉并发症少等优点,是老年患者下肢手术较好的麻醉方法。     

罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉在老年髋关节手术中的应用

目的观察罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于老年髋关节手术的临床效果和安全性。方法 70岁以上行髋关节手术患者60例采用低比重0.75%罗哌卡因行腰-硬联合麻醉。记录麻醉前（T0）,麻醉后5 min（T1）、10 min（T2）、15 min（T3）、20 min（T4）、30 min（T5）及术毕时（T6）的SBP、DBP、MAP及HR.结果术中血流动力学平稳,无并发症发生。结论低比重罗哌卡因用于老年患者髋关节手术具有起效迅速,麻醉效果满意,患者痛苦减轻和血流动力学稳定等优点。     

腰硬联合麻醉在高龄老年病人手术中的应用

目的 评价腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)在高龄老年病人下腹及下肢手术中的临床效果及临床应用的可行性.方法 选择ASAⅡ～Ⅳ级,年龄80岁以上,择期手术病人108例.患者全部采用腰硬联合麻醉.入手术室后,常规开放静脉,监测血压、脉搏、呼吸、心电图、尿量等生命体征.麻醉前预先输入平衡盐溶液或胶体液补充血容量.病人侧卧,于L2～3、L3～4或L4～5先行硬膜外穿刺,成功后以针内针法行腰麻,穿刺突破硬脊膜后,注入0.5%罗哌卡因与3.3%GS混合液2～2.5 ml,将腰麻针退出,从硬膜外穿刺针置入硬膜外导管,固定,调整平面.若60～90 min后腰麻(SA)平面不能满足手术要求,则通过硬膜外导管给0.5%罗哌卡因5～10 ml,后视手术时间长短适当追加硬膜外腔给药.观察起效时间,达到最高镇痛平面时间,麻醉前(T0)、麻醉满意时(T1)、切皮后1 h(T2)和术毕(T3)期间HR、MAP的变化,同时观察不良反应和并发症.结果 术中镇痛总有效率为98.06%(两例麻醉平面低于手术要求),最大Bromage评分多在0～1级.显效时间短,腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)起效时间为3～5 min(4.4±1.4 min),达到最高镇痛平面时间为(最大阻滞时间)10～15 min左右.患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉满意时(T1)、切皮后1 h(T2)和术毕(T3)期间HR、MAP差异无显著意义(P>0.05).麻醉效果满意,全部病例中除2例出现高平面麻醉(大于T6)外.其余阻滞范围均在T10以下.术后并发症少,无恶心呕吐,无其它脏器并发症出现,头痛发生率为0.结论 通过腰硬联合麻醉和罗哌卡因的使用,可使高龄老年病人麻醉效果均满意、并发症极少,安全可靠,简便易行.     

腰硬联合麻醉在老年患者下肢手术中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨腰硬联合麻醉在老年患者下肢手术中的麻醉效果。方法:收治60例下肢手术的患者,随机分成布比卡因组和罗哌卡因组,每组30例,布比卡因组注入0.5%布比卡因1.5～2.0ml,罗哌卡因组注入0.5%罗哌卡因1.5～2.0ml。结果:布比卡因组感觉阻滞显效时间为2.6±1.1分,运动阻滞显效时间为4.6±1.3分,麻醉维持时间为207.3±6.5分;罗哌卡因组感觉阻滞显效时间为4.3±1.3分,运动阻滞显效时间为6.6±1.6分,麻醉维持时间为238.4±18.3分;两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:小剂量罗哌卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉在老年患者下肢手术中的应用,麻醉效果良好,安全。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.