关于PBL模式在医学遗传学教学中的应用与思考

PBL教学法即“以问题为基础”的教学法,近年来在国际上受到广泛关注的一种教学模式,相比传统教学模式,突出以学生为主体自我探究为主的教学方法。本文探讨了PBL教学模式在医学遗传学教学中的应用,及在应用中存在的问题。     

TBL与PBL混合模式在人体解剖实验教学中的实践

目的探讨以问题为本（PBL）和以团队为本（TBL）混合的教学方法在人体解剖学实验教学中的应用前景,评估其教学效果。方法本文对我院一年级护理康复本科生做了关于PBL＋TBL教学模式在解剖实验教学中教学效果的问卷调查。结果调查结果显示PBL加TBL的教学模式在一定程度上改善了实验教学中标本学习环节的教学效果。结论PBL＋TBL交互的教学模式值得在人体解剖学实验教学实践中推广。     

实施以问题为基础的创新意识——临床实习教学模式的转变

“PBL模式”,即以问题为基础的学习,是指在临床前期或临床课中,以病人为临床问题来引导学生自学和讨论的学习方法,也是一种通过实践发现问题,再解决问题的教学方法.本文主要介绍了这一教学模式的概念、特点及本所在临床教学中的具体实施过程,并对PBL过程中相关的几个问题进行了探讨和分析.     

PBL教学法在口腔修复学中的探索与尝试

目的:探讨PBL教学模式在口腔修复学教学中的应用。方法:将08级口腔医学本科生90人作为研究对象,随机分成对照组和实验组,每组45人。实施理论教学时,对照组采用传统的教学方法,实验组采用PBL教学方法。结果:实验组的期末理论及病例分析的成绩均显著高于对照组(P0.05);问卷调查表明实验组82%以上的学生认为PBL教学模式能够增加师生互动,增加人际交往能力、沟通能力和团队协作能力,有利于培养学生的临床思维和分析、解决问题的能力。结论:PBL教学模式相比较与传统教学模式,能明显提高口腔临床教学质量。     

五年制医学本科开展组织学与胚胎学PBL教学的实践

1 PBL教学模式概述 PBL(problem-based learning)是以问题为基础的教学方式,其核心是采用基础学科和临床实践结合的教学方法,通过以问题为基础的学习和训练,使学生树立整体的医学观.PBL以学生为主体、具有综合性、系统性及更大灵活性的课程教学模式.     

PBL、TBL教学模式在局部解剖学教学中的应用探索

<正>以问题为导向的教学方法(problem-based learning,PBL)主要是以小组讨论形式,在辅导教师的参与下,围绕某一医学专题或具体病例的诊治等问题进行研究、学习。目前很多医学院校分别在基础课、临床课和实验课中部分试行了PBL教学法,取得了良好的效果。PBL教学模式在全世界很多国家的临床医学本科生教育中已经推行了近30年时间,在我国部分医学院校也试行了20多年,目前已     

临床内科实习中PBL教学模式与传统教学模式的对比研究

在临床实习中,选取120名临床医学系大专学生,进行"以问题为基础的学习(PBL)",与传统教学方法进行对比研究.结果 PBL实验组理论考试成绩和临床分析问题和解决问题的能力均显著优于对照组(P<0.05),表明PBL教学法在临床实习教学中优于传统教学方法,值得进一步实践推广.     

基于PBL教学模式的基础医学课程整合教学改革和探索

正美国神经病学教授Barrows(1969)在加拿大McMaster大学医学院创立的以问题为中心,学生为主体,教师为引导的PBL(Problem-Based Learning)教学法~([1]),当前已成为国际上较流行的一种教学方法。近年来我校根据自身情况,在原有教学模式的基础上深化教学改革,开展以器官系统教学为模块的课程整合改革,在课程整合中引入PBL教学模式,开展PBL的教学实践,本文就实施这种新的教学模式改革进行实践和探讨。     

应用PBL教学模式 改革生理学课堂教学

PBL是一种以学生为中心的教学方法。随着高等教育全面改革的深入,我院生理学理论教学课时严重压缩,其教学的时效矛盾日趋突出,改革生理学教方法势在必行。本文就如何应用PBL教学模式改革生理学课堂教学进行探讨。应用PBL教学模式 改革生理学课堂教学@田茂友$攀枝花学院医学系基础医学教研室!四川攀枝花617000     

PBL教学模式在病毒性肝炎教学中的价值CSCD

随着PBL教学理念的迅速发展和普及,其在临床医疗教学中的作用也越来越受到人们的重视.将PBL教学模式渗透至病毒性肝炎中是一次临床教学的新型模式探索,这种以学生为主体,把提高学生自己解决问题能力为教学目标的教学方法既激发了学生在病毒性肝炎教学中的学习热情,同时也提升了学生独立思考、科研创新的能力.     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.