吗啡与东莨菪碱合剂硬膜外腔注射术后镇痛效果观察

我院自 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年应用吗啡与东莨菪碱合剂硬膜外腔注射施行术后镇痛治疗 ,并与咪唑安定相比较。现将观察结果报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料 :选择腹部、下肢手术病人 12 0例 ,均为硬膜外麻醉 ,局麻药为 2 %利多卡因 ,平均年龄 35岁 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。随机分成三组 :吗啡与东莨菪碱合剂组 40例 ;咪唑安定组 40例 ;对照组 40例。三组病人年龄、性别、体重无显著性差异 ,术前无长期使用镇静、镇痛药物史。1 2　方法 :吗啡与东莨菪碱组于手术结束时硬膜外腔缓慢注入吗啡 2mg ,东莨菪碱 0 18mg(用注射用水稀释 5ml) ;咪唑安定…     

咪唑安定-芬太尼辅助硬膜外阻滞行中下腹手术的应用

目的：观察咪唑安定-芬太尼在硬膜外阻滞下行中下腹部手术中辅助药效果及不良反应。方法：手术患者120例,SASI～Ⅱ级．随机分为三组。哌异导合剂组（PP），哌氟合剂组（PD），咪芬合剂组（MF），观察辅助药效果及不良反应。结果：用药后10分钟，PD组出现收缩压明显降低，其他组无明显改变；PP组用药后心率出现一过性升高，10分钟恢复至用药前水平，各组SPO2下降〈5％。镇静程度，对手术牵拉反应的抑制，术后顺行性遗忘和麻醉效果的评价，MF组明显优于PD组和PP组。结论：咪唑安定复合芬太尼作为硬膜外阻滞中行中下腹部手术的辅助用药，效果明显，不良反应轻，能够减少对手术的不良记忆和提高麻醉满意率。     

ICU机械通气丙泊酚与咪唑安定的镇静作用比较

目的:观察咪唑安定、丙泊酚用于ICU患者机械通气时的镇静效果.方法:选择在ICU需要机械通气的患者160例,随机分为两组,咪唑安定组和丙泊酚组.观察两组患者达到满意镇静深度的时间和停药后清醒时间以及NBP、HR的变化.结果:两组患者镇静效果佳,但在药物起效时间和达到满意深度时间方面两组比较呈显著差异,停药后苏醒时间两组存在显著差异.丙泊酚组较咪唑安定组出现血压下降、心率减慢的发生率高.结论:咪唑安定和丙泊酚用于ICU机械通气患者的镇静都能达到良好的镇静效果,丙泊酚起效快,苏醒时间短,适用于短时间、心血管功能较好的患者.咪唑安定多适合需要长时间镇静、心血管功能较差的患者.     

咪唑安定辅助硬膜外阻滞的临床研究

目的 :研究咪唑安定用于硬膜外麻醉时的镇静、抗焦虑、消除内脏牵拉反应痛及对呼吸、循环的影响。方法 :硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部手术病人 4 0例 ,随机分为咪唑安定 (Ⅰ )组和氟芬合剂(Ⅱ )组 ,每组 2 0例。Ⅰ组 :咪唑安定负荷剂量 0 .0 5mg/kg ,然后用 0 .0 5mg/kg .h行泵持续输注。Ⅱ组 :氟派啶 0 .0 5kg ,芬太尼 1ug/kg肌注。 结果 :Ⅰ组的镇静、抗焦虑、消除内脏牵拉反应痛的作用明显强于Ⅱ组 ,P <0 .0 5。两组对血流动力学及呼吸均无明显影响 ,P >0 .0 5。结论 :咪唑安定能安全的辅助于硬膜外麻醉 ,能有效的增强镇静、抗焦虑和消除内脏牵拉痛 ,对呼吸和血流动力学无明显影响。     

小剂量咪唑安定辅助硬膜外阻滞的临床观察

目的:观察硬膜外阻滞下辅助小剂量咪唑安定和哌□啶对内脏牵拉反应的抑制结果.方法:取采用硬膜外阻滞施行中下腹手术患者100例.随机分为2组,每组50例,分别静滴哌□啶加咪唑安定(哌咪组)或哌啶加氟哌啶(哌氟组)作为硬膜外阻滞 的辅助用药,观察二者抑制内脏牵拉反应的效果,并进行比较.结果:哌咪组抑制内脏牵拉反应的效果优于哌氟组(P<0.05),对呼吸、循环的影响二者无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:小剂量咪唑安定与哌□啶配伍,抑制硬膜外阻滞的内脏牵拉反应效果满意,具有临床实用价值.     

咪唑安定复合芬太尼硬膜外麻醉用于剖宫产麻醉效果分析

目的对比剖宫产产妇应用咪唑安定和芬太尼药物辅助硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法回顾性分析作者医院妇产科接受剖宫产手术的112名产妇麻醉方法及效果,分为观察组58例,对照组54例。观察组患者采用咪唑安定和芬太尼辅助麻醉,对照组采用哌异合剂辅助麻醉。结果观察组患者术中20 min、40 min、60 min的平均动脉压、改良警觉/镇静评分数、血氧饱和度、遗忘发生率与对照组相比（P〈0.05）,差异具有统计学意义。2组产妇的伤口感染率无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对剖宫产产妇应用咪唑安定和芬太尼药物辅助硬膜外麻醉,值得临床推广。     

咪唑安定-氯胺酮静脉麻醉时呼吸中枢对二氧化碳通气反应的影响

目的　研究咪唑安定 -氯胺酮静脉麻醉对呼吸中枢的影响。方法　选用 1 0例乳房手术病人 ,观测咪唑安定 -氯胺酮合剂 (简称咪 -氯合剂 )使用前后呼吸中枢对吸入 CO2 的通气反应。结果　咪 -氯合剂静脉麻醉前后 ,随着呼气末二氧化碳分压 (PETCO2 )的增加 ,呼吸频率 (RR)、分钟通气量 (MV)均显著增加 ,P<0 .0 5 ,但用药前后随着 PET CO2 的变化 RR及 WV无显著改变 ,P>0 .0 5 ,CO2 反应曲线斜率也无明显改变 ,P>0 .0 5。结论　咪 -氯合剂静脉麻醉对呼吸中枢的抑制较轻。     

连续硬膜外麻醉辅助不同药物用于乳腺癌根治术

我院在乳腺癌根治术中常采用高位硬膜外麻醉 ,但由于手术范围较大 ,且为了减轻呼吸循环抑制 ,麻醉平面常嫌不足 ,往往需加用一定量的辅助药完成手术。临床上我们常选用氟氛合剂或氯胺酮与咪唑安定或异丙酚与咪唑安定作为辅助药 ,均取得了一定的麻醉效果。为了选择最佳药物配伍     

咪唑安定及芬太尼辅助硬膜外麻醉用于妇科手术的临床观察

目的:比较咪唑安定复合小剂量芬太尼与度氟合剂用于妇科手术中患者的镇静效果.方法:选择ASA 1～2级硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术患者60例,随机分成两组,每组30例.A组:咪唑安定0.04 mg/kg 芬太尼1.0 μg/kg;B组:哌替啶1.0 mg/kg 氟哌利多0.05 mg/kg.观察两组患者生命体征的改变、术中镇静程度以及术后24 h调查遗忘情况.结果:两组患者术中心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)和平均动脉压(MAP)同术前相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),用药后5、15、30、60 min的OAA/S评分B组高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组遗忘程度优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:咪唑安定复合小剂量芬太尼用于硬膜外麻醉镇静遗忘效果好.     

小剂量咪唑安定联合杜氟合剂辅助硬膜外麻醉对脑电双频指数、镇静水平及呼吸功能的影响

目的 研究小剂量咪唑安定及联合杜氟合剂辅助硬膜外麻醉的可行性和安全性。方法 60例择期行硬膜外麻醉的手术患者,随机分为3组,每组20例。A组静注小剂量咪唑安定,B组肌注杜氟合剂,C组静注小剂量咪唑安定联合肌注杜氟合剂。持续监测脑电双频谱指数(BIS),SPO_2的变化。用Ramsay方式定时评价镇静效果。对比各组数据及引起下颌松弛和需要闭式面罩给氧的例数。结果 静注小剂量咪唑安定即可迅速加深镇静水平,在5～20min内BIS下降明显,SPO_2无显著变化,杜氟合剂肌注20min后起效,BIS缓慢下降,镇静起效慢而持久,SPO_2无显著变化。杜氟肌注后辅以小剂量咪唑安定静注,BIS值在5min内下降显著,持续较久,约60min,镇静水平较深,达5～6级水平。且在小流量吸氧条件下,SPO_2下降显著(P<0.05),需托下颌和闭式面罩给氧例次明显升高。结论 小剂量咪唑安定联合杜氟合剂辅助硬膜外麻醉,起效迅速可靠,镇静水平深,持续时间长。但可引起低氧饱和度血症和下颌松弛、舌根后坠。须避免发生上呼吸道梗阻。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.