持久性有机污染物的环境行为及对人体健康的危害

持久性有机污染物的环境行为是环境化学和生态毒理学研究的热点。本文主要综述了持久性有机污染物的组成、环境污染源、在环境中的迁移转化行为、通过食物链的富集过程、对生态系统乃至人类造成的有害影响 ,旨在强调说明持久性有机污染物的环境污染已成为全球环境问题 ,是环境卫生安全和食品卫生安全体系面临的重大课题     

057持久性有机污染物的环境行为及对人体健康的危害

持久性有机污染物的环境行为是环境化学和生态毒理学研究的热点.本文主要综述了持久性有机污染物的组成、环境污染源、在环境中的迁移转化行为、通过食物链的富集过程、对生态系统乃至人类造成的有害影响,旨在强调说明持久性有机污染物的环境污染已成为全球环境问题,是环境卫生安全和食品卫生安全体系面临的重大课题.     

水环境中持久性有机污染物的检测研究进展

饮水是人们日常生活中接触最普遍的物质之一,近年来,人类活动所造成的持久性有机污染物对水环境的污染状况日益严重,由于长期的接触,水体中持久性有机污染物即使在极低的浓度也会对人体的健康产生严重危害,因而成为各国科学界和政府广泛关注的热点。水环境中的持久性有机污染物具有多组分、低浓度的特点,是水质检测的一个难点。本文对水环境中的持久性有机污染物的色谱学检测方法、免疫学检测方法以及生物学检测方法等检测研究进展作一概述。     

持久性有机污染物对人类健康的危害

持久性有机污染物（persistent organic poilutions，简称POPs）是指通过各种环境介质（大气、水、生物体等）能够长距离迁移并长期存在于环境，进而对人类健康和环境具有严重危害的天然或人工合成的有机污染物质。目前，几乎所有人体内（甚至母乳中）都存在POPs，POPs已成为一个倍受关注的全球性环境问题。2001年5月22～23日，91个国家政府签署《关于持久性有机污染物（POPs）控制斯德哥尔摩公约》，开始全球协作解决POPs问题。     

女性生长发育及生殖内分泌系统对环境有机污染物暴露的敏感性

随着现代工业的发展,环境有机污染物对人类生殖内分泌系统发育的毒性作用越来越受到重视.环境有机污染物可蓄积在人体内,并可干扰内分泌,影响着人类健康.来自塑料、化妆品、食品包装等日常物品中的主要常见有机污染物包括邻苯二甲酸酯类(phthalate esters,PAEs),双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)类,烷基酚(alkyl-phenol)类,多氯联苯类(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs),二(噁)英(dioxin)等.本文主要关注常见的具有干扰女性生长发育过程,影响女性内分泌,导致胚胎发育异常,甚至导致肿瘤发生的几种环境有机污染物.女性担负着繁育下一代的重任,其健康对人口素质有着重大影响.故研究环境有机污染物对女性的危害,具重要意义.本文就女性生长发育及生殖内分泌系统对环境有机污染物暴露的敏感性,综述如下.     

环境中微塑料对生物体毒性效应及分析方法

环境中大量的塑料废物对生物体潜在危害日益增加,人们对塑料污染也越来越重视。塑料污染有可能直接被生物体摄入,或间接地通过吸附其他环境污染物,并将其转移至摄入塑料的生物体内。微塑料不易降解,除非被消除,否则会持续存在。本文通过文献阅读,探讨微塑料对人类健康的影响,包括在生物环境中检测塑料颗粒所面临的挑战。先对微塑料的可能来源、与化学污染物的相互作用及其在环境中的命运和产生的影响进行论述;再讨论环境中这些塑料颗粒进入人体的可能途径,以及它们在细胞水平上的摄取机制;通过分析生物样品中的微塑料颗粒的分离和鉴定方法,提出合理化建议,旨在为微塑料监测、风险评估和管理战略提供技术支持。     

金属或类金属及持久性有机污染物暴露与心血管疾病的研究进展

心血管疾病（CVD）是导致人类死亡和健康寿命损失的主要病因,居全球疾病负担首位。除高血压、糖尿病等传统CVD的危险因素以外,环境中的化学污染物也会对CVD的发生发展产生影响。本文选取金属或类金属以及持久性有机污染物,探讨上述两种环境化学污染物暴露与CVD的研究进展,为通过优先治理环境中化学污染物来有效预防CVD提供科学依据。     

环境内分泌干扰物与乳腺癌相关性研究现状

本综述了有机氯农药、多氯联苯以有二恶英类化合物等持久性有机污染物作为环境内分泌干扰物与乳腺癌相关性的研究。提示了在过去、现在和将来人类向环境中不断排放的人工合成化学污染物和现代工业的都会对人类自身的生殖、发育、神经免疫系统等产生影响，甚至具有遗传毒性与致癌性，尤其是与乳腺癌的发生、发展有密切关系。     

清除废液管中液体的方法

为落实<医疗废物管理条例>,加强本市医疗卫生机构医疗废物收集、运送、贮存的管理,防止医疗废物污染环境、危害人体健康,我院自2003年5月开始用黄色塑料袋包装废弃液管统一回收,送北京市卫生局指定地点焚烧处理,交费3元/kg,我院每月产生医疗垃圾8000 kg,交费24000余元.     

全球新增9种受限和禁用有毒化学品

<正>联合国环境规划署表示,《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》修正案已于近日正式生效,该修正案将9种对人类和动物健康及环境有害的有毒化学物质列入限制和禁止使用的化学品名单中,从而使公约中被限制和禁止使用的化学物质总数达到了21种。     

生活垃圾处理过程中二(噁)(口英)的污染与控制

以德国为例分析了原生城市生活垃圾、生活垃圾焚烧二次衍生产物、垃圾堆肥产品中二(噁)(口英)污染情况,通过比较中国和德国垃圾成分、垃圾处理处置方式,借鉴德国对垃圾处理过程中二(噁)(口英)变迁的研究,讨论了我国生活垃圾处理处置过程中二(噁)(口英)的污染控制措施.     

垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)焚烧污染物排放研究

在介绍国内外垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)技术的基础上,全面综述了RDF焚烧和垃圾直接焚烧烟气中的污染物CO、NOx、SOx、HCl、二噁英和重金属的排放特性,结论：RDF焚烧烟气中污染物排放浓度均低于垃圾直接燃烧,但该技术的发展尚处于起步阶段,对RDF的制造工艺、焚烧方式、污染物排放,特别是有机污染物等方面尚需进一步研究。     

医疗垃圾焚烧处理的自动进料和清洗系统

以中型医疗垃圾焚烧处置工程实践为例,设计并介绍1种全自动医疗垃圾焚烧处置工程的自动进料及清洗系统,以有效解决医疗垃圾处理过程中人员接触危险废物的问题。     

Air emissions from the incineration of hazardous waste.

In the United States over the last ten years, concern over important disposal practices of the past has manifested itself in the passage of a series of federal and state-level hazardous waste clean-up and control statutes of unprecedented scope. The impact of these various statutes will be a significant modification of waste management practices. The more traditional and lowest cost methods of direct landfilling, storage in surface impoundments and deep-well injection will be replaced, in large measure, by waste minimization at the source of generation, waste reuse, physical/chemical/biological treatment, incineration and chemical stabilization/solidification methods. Of all of the "terminal" treatment technologies, properly-designed incineration systems are capable of the highest overall degree of destruction and control for the broadest range of hazardous waste streams. Substantial design and operational experience exists and a wide variety of commercial systems are available. Consequently, significant growth is anticipated in the use of incineration and other thermal destruction methods. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of knowledge regarding air emissions from hazardous waste incineration in an effort to put the associated technological and environmental issues into perspective.     

宁波市城市垃圾处理现状与发展

宁波市的垃圾处理模式在国内具有一定的代表性。通过对宁波市垃圾处理现状和发展进行的初步分析，我们认为，城市垃圾处理的发展要搞好统一规划，应以垃圾填埋处理为基础，进行垃圾焚烧处理及综合利用的研究。     

Hazardous wastes in eastern and central Europe: technology and health effects

Issues of hazardous waste management are major concerns in the countries of eastern and central Europe. A National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-supported conference was held in Prague, Czech Republic, as a part of a continuing effort to provide information and promote discussion among the countries of eastern and central Europe on issues related to hazardous wastes. The focus was on incineration as a means of disposal of hazardous wastes, with discussions on both engineering methods for safe incineration, and possible human health effects from incineration by-products. Representatives from government agencies, academic institutions, and local industries from 14 countries in the region participated along with a few U.S. and western European experts in this field. A series of 12 country reports documented national issues relating to the environment, with a focus on use of incineration for hazardous waste disposal. A particularly valuable contribution was made by junior scientists from the region, who described results of environmental issues in their countries.     

国内外城市生活垃圾处理处置技术及发展趋势

城市生活垃圾的处理、处置方法目前达到规模化应用的有填埋、焚烧和堆肥3种方式。阐述上述3种方式的国内外发展状况，提出源头控制和多种技术并存是生活垃圾处理、处置的有效途径。     

太原市特种垃圾现状调查报告

通过对太原市特种垃圾的产量、物理成分、处理现状及产源地分布等因素的调查,得出太原市特种垃圾产量大、成分复杂、无害化处理水平低的结论,说明太原市实行特种垃圾的统一收集、集中焚烧是十分必要的.     

中国城市生活垃圾处理策略分析

分析了我国城市生活垃圾的现状、处理方式和处理设施，提出适宜于我国不同地理区域的处理对策和工艺流程。在选择具体的处理方法时，应注意因地制宜、焚烧处理、综合利用等问题。     

Toxic air pollution across a state line: implications for the siting of resource recovery facilities

Massive volumes of solid waste are produced in the United States. Options for disposal are limited. Incineration and recycling are frequently proposed solutions. However, incinerators and waste recovery facilities, such as scrap smelters, generate hazardous air pollutants and toxic ash. Their potential hazards to health have not been adequately assessed. To illustrate the policy issues surrounding waste incineration and resource recycling, we examine the case of U.S. Metals, a scrap metals recovery plant in Carteret, New Jersey. This plant emitted 20 kilograms of dioxin in its 25 years of operation. It also released 86 tons of lead annually; nearby air lead levels were repeatedly in violation of standards. Construction of a tall stack caused export of toxic emissions from the plant to Staten Island, New York; high concentrations of lead were documented in surface soil on Staten Island. Because neither the State of New Jersey nor the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were willing to regulate emissions from the plant, New York, the downwind state, was forced to sue U.S. Metals in federal court. The suit resulted ultimately in closing the plant. The case illustrates the difficulties in regulating pollution across state lines, a difficulty compounded by the abdication of responsibility by state and federal agencies. Further, the episode appears paradigmatic of a disturbing trend by state and local governments to locate waste combustion facilities at sites which will resolve problems of solid waste by encouraging export of airborne pollutants across regulatory boundaries.