老年癌性结直肠梗阻诊治体会——附58例临床分析

目的 探讨老年癌性结、直肠梗阻的诊治方法。方法 分析58例老年癌性完全性结、直肠梗阻的临床表现．腹部X线检查、B超、CT、钡灌肠和腹腔穿刺等检查．以及血清肌酸磷酸激酶和血清乳酸脱氢酶的测定，对老年癌性结、直肠梗阻可能出现的绞窄性肠梗咀作出早期诊断．全面评估老年患各脏器功能后，早期手术治疗。结果 本组58例患中有55例行手术治疗。从入院至手术时间3小时至5天。术中诊断13例为绞窄性肠梗殂，其中5例术前做出诊断，符合率38％。55例手术患术后发生并发症34例，死亡5例，病死率9％．其中绞窄性肠梗阻死亡3例。结论 对于老年癌性结、直肠梗阻．能够早期并准确地认识到绞窄性肠梗阻的发生．对治疗和预后具有重要意义。     

老年结、直肠癌性梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨老年结、直肠癌性梗阻的诊治方法。方法 回顾分析46例老年完全性结、直肠癌性梗阻的临床表现、诊断和治疗。结果 本组46例行手术治疗，入院至手术时间3h～5d。术中诊断12例为绞窄性肠梗阻，其中4例术前做出诊断，符合率33％。术后发生并发症18例，死亡3例，病死率6．5％，其中绞窄性肠梗阻死亡2例。结论 对于老年结、直肠癌性梗阻，能够早期并准确地认识到绞窄性肠梗阻的发生，对治疗和预后具有重要意义。     

癌性结、直肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的 讨论癌性结、直肠梗阻的诊断与治疗。方法 综合分析28例癌性结直肠梗阻的临床特点,早期诊断、早期治疗和一期切除优缺点。结果 28例均采用了手术治疗,术前诊断的15例,术中明确诊断者13例,一期切除的21例,二期切除的7例,术后发生并发症的6例,死亡4例。结论 癌性结、直肠梗阻在于早期诊断,并能正确认识肠绞窄的发生,并及时采用手术治疗。手术吻合技巧的提高和术中腹腔肠道的清洁是防止并发症的关键。     

术后早期肠梗阻临床分析(附10例报告)

目的 探讨术后早期肠梗阻的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法 对10例术后早期肠梗阻患者进行回顾性分析。结果 10例均为机械性肠梗阻。保守治疗6例，其中治愈5例，死亡1例；手术治疗4例，其中3例术中有绞窄性肠梗阻征象，均治愈。1例术中发现为广泛癌性粘连，行部分粘连松解术，术后第8天再发肠梗阻，保守治疗1天无效，患者自动出院。结论 术后早期肠梗阻诊断并不困难；保守治疗多数有效，故宜先行保守治疗；可疑肠绞窄时应及时中转手术。     

139例绞窄性肠梗阻的临床诊断与手术治疗

目的：探讨绞窄性肠梗阻的早期诊断方法及有效的手术治疗方式。方法：回顾性分析１９７５年１月至１９９９年１２月诊治的１３９例绞窄性肠梗阻资料。结果：术前确诊为绞窄性肠梗阻者仅有５８例（４１．７％），且大多数为肠坏死；其余８１例（５８．３％）则分别以单纯性肠梗阻或其他急腹症行剖腹探查而确诊。本组均行手术治疗，治愈１０６例；死亡３３例，死亡率为２３．７％。其主要死亡原因是感染性休克、ＭＯＦ、ＡＲＤＳ及严重     

79例绞窄性肠梗阻的诊疗体会

目的总结绞窄性肠梗阻的诊疗体会。方法选取郑州大学第二附属医院普外科2010-01—2016-01间手术治疗的79例绞窄性肠梗阻患者。回顾性分析其临床资料,对诊断及治疗经过进行系统性总结。结果 79例患者中,腹部术后粘连性肠梗阻30例,肠扭转20例,嵌顿疝13例,肠套叠9例,肠系膜动脉血栓形成7例。治愈76例,死亡3例。结论早期诊断及积极手术是治疗绞窄性肠梗阻的有效手段。     

绞窄性肠梗阻手术治疗临床体会

目的探讨绞窄性肠梗阻的手术治疗方法和效果,提高绞窄性肠梗阻治愈率。方法回顾性分析36例绞窄性肠梗阻患者的诊疗过程,分析病因及与死亡相关的风险因素。结果所有病例均手术治疗,治愈34例,死亡2例,病死率5.56%。结论早期确诊及手术,做好围手术期处理,选择良好麻醉方式和简单、快捷、有效的术式,是提高绞窄性肠梗阻治愈率的关键。     

老年人绞窄性肠梗阻86例外科治疗体会

绞窄性肠梗阻是老年外科的一种严重急腹症,早期诊断困难,病死率高,我院外科自1979年至1992年6月经手术治疗老年人绞窄性肠梗阻86例。占同期绞窄性肠梗阻212例的40.6％;占同期老年人肠梗阻192例的     

术后肠梗阻的诊断及治疗(附137例报告)

目的探讨术后肠梗阻的特点和诊断、治疗原则。方法对南京军区南京总医院2001年1月至2004年10月收治的137例术后肠梗阻病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果137例病人均治愈,未发生肠外瘘等严重并发症,无死亡。2例发生术后早期炎性肠梗阻,2例术后3~8个月再次发生肠梗阻均经保守治疗而治愈。结论腹腔术后可出现肠梗阻,诊断主要依靠病史、体征及腹部X线、CT检查。治疗方法的选择及手术时机的掌握是提高治疗效果的关键。术后早期炎性肠梗阻应采用保守治疗,肠绞窄或有肠绞窄趋势应及时手术,反复发作的粘连性肠梗阻应积极手术。     

绞窄性肠梗阻的诊断及手术时机探讨

目的 :探讨绞窄性肠梗阻的早期诊断及手术时机。方法 :对 2 5 3例手术治疗的绞窄性肠梗阻进行回顾性分析。结果 :治愈 2 2 6例 ,治愈率 89% ,死亡 2 7例 ,死亡率 11%。主要死亡原因是感染性休克 ,MODS ,ARDS。结论 :绞窄性肠梗阻的早诊诊断较为困难 ,应在非手术治疗的同时 ,动态严密观察腹部症状体征的变化 ,综合分析判断。把握手术时机 ,及时手术 ,加强围手术期治疗 ,术后SICU严密监护观察是降低死亡率的关键措施。     

Treatment of bowel obstruction after operation for colorectal carcinoma

Operative therapy is beneficial in patients with bowel obstruction after operation for colorectal carcinoma. The cause of the bowel obstruction is more likely to be benign following colorectal carcinoma than following other malignancies. Also, the period of preoperative nasogastric suction can safely be extended to 3 to 4 days in these patients, since a resolution rate of 28 percent can be achieved with minimal risk of strangulation.     

Intestinal obstruction with strangulation of the small bowel

The records of 128 patients operated on for adhesive complete mechanical obstruction of the small intestine were retrospectively reviewed. The gut proved to be strangulated in 53 cases, irreversibly in 16 and reversibly in 37, while 75 patients had simple obstruction (12, 29 and 59%). Continuous abdominal pain was more common in strangulation than in simple obstruction and leukocytosis was most common in irreversible strangulation (both differences significant). But no preoperative clinical parameter was specific for strangulation obstruction. Preoperative hospital stay greater than 25 hours was significantly more common in irreversible strangulation obstruction than in the other groups. Strangulation was preoperatively recognized in only 25% of the cases. The overall mortality rate was 5.5%, but with no statistical intergroup difference, possibly because so few patients died. The study showed that strangulation usually is unrecognized preoperatively, and that early operation is essential for obstruction due to intestinal strangulation. Early surgery is therefore indicated in most cases clinically diagnosed as intestinal obstruction.     

Preoperative recognition of intestinal strangulation obstruction. Prospective evaluation of diagnostic capability

Early recognition of intestinal strangulation in patients with small bowel obstruction is essential to allow safe nonoperative management of selected patients. We prospectively evaluated preoperative diagnostic parameters as well as the preoperative judgement of the senior attending surgeon for the determination of the presence or absence of intestinal strangulation in 51 consecutive patients who were about to undergo laparotomy for complete mechanical small bowel obstruction. Strangulation was present in 21 (42 percent) of the 51 patients. No preoperative clinical parameter, including the presence of continuous abdominal pain, fever, peritoneal signs, leukocytosis, or acidosis, or a combination thereof proved to be sensitive, specific, and predictive for strangulation. Moreover, the senior surgeon's experienced clinical judgement detected strangulation in only 10 of 21 patients with strangulation preoperatively (sensitivity, 48 percent). Indeed, only 1 of these 10 patients had an early, reversible lesion, whereas 9 had advanced, irreversible infarction. Only 25 of 36 preoperative assessments of simple obstruction proved correct (predictive value of an assessment of no strangulation, 69 percent). Overall, the preoperative assessment was correct in only 35 of the 51 patients (efficiency, 70 percent). These data show that in patients with complete mechanical small bowel obstruction, the preoperative diagnosis of strangulation cannot be made or excluded reliably by any known clinical parameter, combination of parameters, or by experienced clinical judgement. Nonoperative management of complete intestinal obstruction is therefore undertaken at a calculated risk (31 +/- 51 percent in the present series) of delaying definitive treatment of intestinal ischemia.     

腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻的处理

目的腹部手术后早期发生的肠梗阻原因较复杂,处理亦较困难,尤其是炎性肠梗阻,既有麻痹性因素,亦有机械性因素,使外科医师的医疗决策难以取舍,如是否需要手术、手术的时机、以及手术可能造成的并发症等均值得探讨。我科自1987年至1996年12月共收治了重型术后炎性肠梗阻48例,40例(83.3%)经非手术治疗痊愈;7例(14.6%)于症状消退后择期手术治疗并存症后治愈,1例2.1%死亡,临床非手术治疗时间为9～58天,平均27.6±10天,取得较满意的结果,为这种类型的肠梗阻治疗提供了一些经验。     

大肠癌复发再次手术(附60例报告)

目的明确大肠癌复发再次手术的价值,提高大肠癌的生存率。方法回顾性分析复发性大肠癌连续病例６０例的临床资料。结果５６例证实癌复发,其中肝转移１８例,局部复发１０例,腹膜广泛转移８例,区域淋巴结或腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移２０例;４例证实无癌复发。再次手术共切除４２例,单纯置化疗泵或腹腔化疗管共１４例。术后５５例获随访,１６例已存活５年,２０例已存活３年,８例手术距今不足３年仍存活,６例２年内死亡,４例１年内死亡,１例围手术期内死亡。结论大肠癌复发再次手术仍有较高切除率,再次手术能提高５年生存率。     

Adhesive small bowel obstruction. A review of 321 cases in a Thai hospital

A retrospective study was carried out on 321 cases of adhesive small bowel obstruction in 289 patients admitted at the Chulalongkorn Hospital over an 8 year period. Appendectomy was the most common operation preceding the obstruction. Early operation was performed in 54 cases with two deaths, and nonviable and borderline bowel was found in 30.2 percent. Continuous abdominal pain, generalized tenderness, guarding, and distension appeared to influence the attending surgeons' decisions to operate early. A trial of conservative treatment with nasogastric decompression was carried out in 267 cases with one death. Conservative treatment was successful in 126 cases, but in 140 cases, there was no improvement or the condition became worse and a delayed operation was required. There was no mortality in the delayed operation group and nonviable and borderline bowel was found in 22.8 percent of cases. The incidence of nonviable and borderline bowel did not increase with the length of delay, but was more frequent in those whose condition grew worse after conservative treatment. No preoperative factors that could reliably predict bowel strangulation were found. However, the results in this series justify a trial of conservative treatment with close observation in patients without clinical evidence of strangulation or marked abdominal distension.     

The role of computed tomography with contrast and small bowel follow-through in management of small bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND: In a significant percentage of patients, radiologic evaluation other than plain abdominal films are required to confirm or exclude the presence of small bowel obstruction. METHODS: Over a 1-year period, 55 patients had both computed tomography and small bowel follow-through studies. Patients were classified as having (1) paralytic ileus, (2) low-grade obstruction, (3) high-grade obstruction, or (4) complete mechanical obstruction. The gold standard for diagnosis was celiotomy in 42 patients and clinical follow-up in 13 patients. RESULTS: Thirty-six out of 42 patients had proven intestinal obstruction at the time of celiotomy. Computed tomography identified 32 out of the 36 high-grade and complete mechanical obstructions. Computed tomography was superior to small bowel follow-through in identifying masses, malignancies, and features of strangulation. Small bowel follow-through correctly identified "insignificant obstructions" when contrast reached the cecum within 4 hours in 18 of 19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with equivocal findings of small bowel obstruction, computed tomography should be used initially and then small bowel follow-through if computed tomography is not diagnostic. Computed tomography was superior in this study for detecting the cause of the intestinal obstruction and presence of strangulation.     

成人肠套叠40例临床分析

目的 探讨成人肠套叠的临床特点及诊治措施。方法 对1971—2001年收治的40例成人肠套叠诊治经过进行回顾性分析。结果 成人肠套叠临床表现主要是腹痛、腹胀、呕吐、腹部肿块、血便或便秘。全组病例有腹痛、腹块、血便三联症者仅占17．4％(7／40)。急性肠套叠者易发生肠绞窄，慢性肠套叠者多表现为不全性肠梗阻，早期易于误诊。本组39例行手术治疗，治愈37例，死亡1例；另1例钡灌肠复位成功。结论 B超检查对早期诊断有帮助。肠道肿瘤、息肉、炎症和解剖学异常为本病的主要诱因。肠切除术是根除病因、防止复发的主要手段。     

Ileus beim colorectalen Carcinom Präoperative Implantation eines Metallgitterstents und frühelektive Operation als Alternative zur notfallmäßigen Operation

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate preoperative decompression with self-expanding metallic stents in patients with acute bowel obstruction due to colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: In 28 patients, admitted to our clinic between January 1996 and May 1999 with suspicion of acute colonic obstruction caused by a colorectal carcinoma, we attempted to insert under fluoroscopic control a self-expanding metallic stent in the stenosis. After successful relief of obstruction, an elective one-stage surgical procedure followed. RESULTS: The stent application was technically successful in 21 patients. In 19 patients symptom relief was reached within 2 days. One of these patients died perioperatively and two patients developed an anastomotic leakage. In eight of the other nine patients, in whom decompression was not possible, an emergency surgical procedure was performed; four of these patients died perioperatively. In only one of the five patients who survived, could a surgical procedure without an enterostoma be performed. CONCLUSION: In cases of acute malignant colorectal obstruction, preoperative stent application under fluoroscopic control is a reliable method to allow single-stage surgical resection without requiring a protective enterostoma.     

Small bowel obstruction in the elderly

Hospital records were reviewed for all patients 70 years or older who were treated for small bowel obstruction (SBO) at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center from January 1975 through December 1980. There were 87 patients treated surgically and 20 patients treated nonoperatively. When the clinical evidence of strangulation was evaluated for preoperative reliability, 35 per cent of the patients had none of the accepted criteria for strangulation. Complications occurred in 60.9 per cent of patients following operative intervention. Wound infection was the most common postoperative complication and was related to wound management and to the number of enterotomies made at the time of surgery. Using delayed 1 degree closure, the infection rate was 6.2 per cent compared to 21.1 per cent when wounds were closed at surgery. The overall operative mortality was 18 per cent; advanced carcinoma accounted for 60 per cent of these fatalities. The mortality for patients with nonmalignant obstruction was 10.0 per cent as compared with 40.7 per cent in patients with cancer. From these data the authors conclude: that age alone should not be a deterrent to operative intervention in small bowel obstruction; the presence of a 1 degree or 2 degrees malignant process in the elderly patient is a significant risk factor for mortality; any patient operated on for SBO having an enterotomy should have their wound managed by delayed 1 degree closure; and because of the lack of reliability of the clinical criteria for strangulation, operative intervention in the elderly should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis of mechanical obstruction is made.