单纯人工肱骨头置换术治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨单纯人工肱骨头置换术治疗肱骨近端严重3～4部分骨折的方法及其效果。方法对本组12例肱骨近端粉碎性骨折患者进行了单纯人工肱骨头置换术,其中男5例,女7例,年龄42～67岁,平均（54．3±3．4）岁。按AO骨折分类标准,9例B2型骨折,2例B3型骨折,1例c3型骨折。结果术后随访9～36个月,平均17．2个月。采用Neer标准评定患者肩关节功能,其中4例大于90分,其余均在80分以上。结论对于肱骨近端粉碎性骨折而言,单纯人工肱骨头置换术是一种疗效较好的治疗方法,人工肱骨头假体安装和肱骨大、小结节解剖重建是提高人工肱骨头置换术疗效的关键,并且术中注意修复损伤的肩袖。术后需要求患者积极进行康复训练促进功能恢复。     

非限制性人工肩关节置换治疗肩关节和肱骨近端严重病损

目的观察并评估非限制性人工肩关节置换治疗肩关节及肱骨近端严重病损的疗效。方法自1999～2004年共进行11例人工肩关节置换术,患者平均年龄为65岁；肱骨近端复杂四部分骨折6例,陈旧性肱骨解剖颈骨折并脱位3例,肩关节骨关节炎2例。其中对2例肩关节骨关节炎采用非限制性假体全肩关节置换术,对9例复杂肱骨近端骨折采用非限制性假体半肩置换术。所有11个肱骨头假体和2个肩盂假体均使用骨水泥固定。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间为1～4年,平均2．3年。2例复杂骨折患者存在肩关节外旋部分受限和轻度疼痛,其余病例均无疼痛,假体无松动。采用Neer评分和美国矫形外科学会评定标准,术后Neer评分平均为88．7分,评定为满意,肩关节功能满意。结论非限制性人工肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端严重病损疗效可靠、安全,精确的假体安置、软组织修复及术后系统的康复训练是关节功能恢复及降低并发症的关键。     

半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损

目的:采用半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损,并评定疗效。方法:共36例。19例成人肱骨近端四分骨折。9例肱骨近端低恶性度骨肿瘤,肱骨头坏死8例。均采用骨水泥固定人工肱骨头置换术治疗。术后功能锻炼。定期X线检查,评估假体稳定性和肩关节功能。随访时间为1～8年,平均5年3个月。结果:1例42岁肱骨近端骨肿瘤患者术后2年出现松动;3例肱骨近端四分骨折患者伴有肩关节外旋部分受限和轻度疼痛。其余病例无痛,无松动,肩关节功能满意。结论:与远期结果有关的因素包括准确的手术适应证的选择,正确的手术方法特别是修复骨缺损和肩袖损伤;选择好假体的大小和厚度以及假体安放位置;另一关键因素为合理的功能锻炼。     

人工肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的临床分析

目的探讨人工肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析20例肱骨近端骨折患者,Neer分型3部分骨折4例,4部分骨折16例。均行人工肩关节置换术,术后按Neer评分系统进行疗效评价。结果所有患者随访12～36个月（平均18.6个月）。按Neer评分系统评价临床结果优6例,良11例,可2例,差1例,优良率85%。术后无感染、神经损伤、假体松动和关节周围骨折等并发症发生。假体位置良好。结论人工肩关节置换术疗效可靠,术后能解除疼痛,稳定和重建关节功能,是治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的有效方法之一。     

人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的方法、并发症及疗效。方法 对肱骨近端Neer分型4部分骨折12例行人工肩关节置换术，分析期临床疗效。结果 本组12例术后随访3～12年，平均8．6年，其中11例无疼痛，1例有静息痛。肩关节活动度在70％以上者8例，在50％～70％之间者3例。1例肩关节活动度小于50％，假体X线示位置较好，其中6例柄中段有透亮区，无临床症状。无感染、松动、关节不稳等并发症发生。结论 人工肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端4部分骨折，术后肩关节功能恢复满意，能解除疼痛、稳定关节、重建关节功能，是一种有效的治疗方法。     

半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损

目的:采用半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损,并评定疗效.方法:共36例.19例成人肱骨近端四分骨折.9例肱骨近端低恶性度骨肿瘤,肱骨头坏死8例.均采用骨水泥固定人工肱骨头置换术治疗.术后功能锻炼.定期X线检查,评估假体稳定性和肩关节功能.随访时间为1～8年,平均5年3个月.结果:1例42岁肱骨近端骨肿瘤患者术后2年出现松动;3例肱骨近端四分骨折患者伴有肩关节外旋部分受限和轻度疼痛.其余病例无痛,无松动,肩关节功能满意.结论:与远期结果有关的因素包括准确的手术适应证的选择,正确的手术方法特别是修复骨缺损和肩袖损伤;选择好假体的大小和厚度以及假体安放位置;另一关键因素为合理的功能锻炼.     

一期人工肩关节置换治疗老年肱骨近端严重粉碎性骨折

目的探讨一期人工肩关节置换术治疗老年肱骨近端严重粉碎性骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析19例老年肱骨近端骨折:Neer分型3部分骨折3例,4部分骨折16例,均行人工肩关节置换术。结果本组随访时间1~5年,临床疗效评定结果:优9例,良8例,可1例,差1例,优良率89.5%,其中差1例为假体置入过深而导致肩关节主动活动受限,外展45°以上水平活动性丧失。结论一期行人工肩关节置换术,能尽早解除患者疼痛,恢复肩关节功能,是治疗老年肱骨近端严重粉碎性骨折的一种有效方法。     

半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损

目的：采用半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重病损，并评定疗效。方法：共36例。19例成人肱骨近端四分骨折。9例肱骨近端低恶性度骨肿瘤，肱骨头坏死8例。均采用骨水泥固定人工肱骨头置换术治疗。术后功能锻炼。定期X线检查，评估假体稳定性和肩关节功能。随访时间为l～8年，平均5年3个月。结果：l例42岁肱骨近端骨肿瘤患者术后2年出现松动；3例肱骨近端四分骨折患者伴有肩关节外旋部分受限和轻度疼痛。其余病例无痛，无松动，肩关节功能满意。结论：与远期结果有关的因素包括准确的手术适应证的选择，正确的手术方法特别是修复骨缺损和肩袖损伤；选择好假体的大小和厚度以及假体安放位置；另一关键因素为合理的功能锻炼。     

Aequalis骨折型肩关节假体治疗严重肱骨近端骨折的初步报告

肱骨近端骨折目前多主张切开复位内固定治疗,但对于严重的Neeg三、四部分肱骨近端骨折,部分患者术后疗效欠佳,且易发生肱骨头缺血性坏死等并发症[1].人工肩关节置换术是治疗严重肱骨近端骨折的一个重要方法,能够有效消除患肩的疼痛,但是有些患者术后患肩功能的恢复并不理想[2].研究证实肩关节假体的位置、结节固定的稳定性、肩袖损伤以及骨折类型是影响人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折临床效果的重要因素[3].     

人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎骨折

目的探讨人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎骨折的疗效。方法对14例肱骨近端粉碎骨折老年患者施行人工肱骨头置换术，并进行疗效评定。患者年龄65～78岁，平均年龄72岁，7例为三部分骨折，2例为肱骨头劈裂骨折，5例为四部分骨折，其中5例伴肩关节半脱位，手术全部采用骨水泥型人工肱骨头假体。结果本组14例术后随访6～24个月，平均15个月，按肩关节Neer评分系统进行评价，优2例，良10例，可2例，优良率85．7％。结论人工肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎骨折，能有效解除疼痛、重建关节功能，是一种理想的治疗方法。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.