帕金森病患者风险决策能力研究

目的 探讨帕金森病( Parkinson' disease,PD)患者在风险概率明确条件下的决策能力是否改变,进一步研究基底节与决策的关系.方法 采用风险概率明确的骰子博弈测试( Game of Dice Test,GDT)对25例PD患者(PD组)和25名健康被试者(HC组)进行风险决策能力研究.结果 与HC组(5.72±3.69)相比,PD组(10.88±5.58)更倾向于选择风险选项(t=3.86,P＜0.01).PD组(-3748.00±3923.87)的最后总资产通常是负值,而HC组(684.00±1764.62)都有盈利,两者的差异有统计学意义(t=-5.15,P＜0.01).PD组选择最多的是风险最大的选项即1个数字,而HC组选择最多的是3个数字的联合(1个数字:PD组:6.48±5.81;HC组:1.00±1.44;t=4.58,P＜0.01；3个数字:PD组:2.64±2.14;HC组:7.04±2.54；t=-6.62,P＜0.01),差异有统计学意义.此外,选择风险选项的次数与负反馈利用率(r=-0.59,P=0.003)和Stroop结果(r=0.55,P=0.004)的相关性显著.结论 研究表明PD患者在风险概率明确条件下存在明显的决策能力改变,并与执行功能和负反馈利用率相关.     

早期帕金森病患者视觉空间翻转能力受损

目的探讨早期帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者视觉空间翻转能力的损害情况。方法对29例PD患者及29名健康对照者进行空间翻转测试检查,检查图片包括人体左手、右手、左足、右足以及被黑框挡住左灯或右灯的轿车车头图片,所有图片均有6个角度,要求受试者进行左右判断,以正确率作为比较两组成绩的指标。结果在对客体(车)进行翻转测试时,PD组成绩(89.7%±9.3%)与对照组成绩(91.5%±7.2%)差异无统计学意义(t=0.803,P=0.426),在对自体(手)进行翻转时,PD组成绩(82.5%±11.5%)明显差于对照组(91.5%±6.6%)(t=3.681,P=0.001);以左侧肢体起病者在对自体(手)进行翻转时的成绩(80.7%±16.4%)与对照组(91.5%±6.6%)比较无统计学差异(t=-1.817,P=0.109),以右侧肢体起病者对自体(手)进行翻转时的成绩(83.5%±9.6%)明显差于对照组(91.5%±6.6%)(t=-2.979,P=0.007);PD患者的空间翻转能力与MoCA评分呈正相关。结论早期PD患者存在视觉空间翻转能力受损,并且这种损害存在分离现象,即对自体的空间翻转能力受损,对客体的空间翻转能力相对保留;以右侧肢体起病者更易出现自体的空间翻转能力损害;PD患者的空间翻转能力与总体认知状况相关。     

基底节区扩大血管周围间隙对基底节萎缩的预测价值研究

目的探讨基底节区扩大血管周围间隙(dVRS)对基底节萎缩的预测价值。方法选择自2015年5月1日至2016年4月30日于江苏大学附属医院行头颅MRI检查证实存在基底节区dVRS的164例患者纵向随访5年, 最终纳入120例患者进行分析。应用3.0T MRI观察患者基底节体积情况, 并根据基底节是否萎缩将患者分为正常组(n=82)和萎缩组(n=38)。比较正常组与萎缩组患者间一般资料及基底节区dVRS等级的差异, 比较不同基底节区dVRS等级患者间基线期、5年后基底节体积以及基线期与5年后基底节体积差值(△基底节体积)的差异, 采用Spearman相关分析评估△基底节体积与基底节区dVRS等级间的相关性, 采用多因素Logistics回归分析筛选基底节萎缩的独立影响因素, 并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各独立影响因素及其联合对基底节萎缩的预测价值。结果萎缩组患者的年龄、糖尿病史比例及基底节区dVRS等级均较正常组明显增高, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同基底节区dVRS等级患者间基线期、5年后基底节体积及△基底节体积的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05), 其...     

帕金森病睡眠障碍与认知障碍关联性研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者睡眠障碍与认知功能障碍的关系。方法收集2018年9月至2020年1月本院住院PD患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据PD睡眠量表评估结果将患者分成睡眠障碍组与无睡眠障碍组,依靠帕金森病统一评分量表(MDS-UPDRS)评分和Hoehn-Yahr分期评估病情进展,分别通过简易精神状态检查量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、Stroop色词测验、言语流畅测验、数字广度测验评估认知功能,汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评估情绪症状。结果共纳入研究对象111例,其中帕金森病睡眠障碍组86例,帕金森病无睡眠障碍组25例。与帕金森病无睡眠障碍组相比,帕金森病睡眠障碍组UPDRS II评分更高(15.0 vs.10.0,P=0.034),PD睡眠量表总分及亚项1(4.5 vs.7.0,P<0.001)、亚项3(3.0 vs.7.0,P<0.001)、亚项14(4.0 vs.9.0,P<0.001)、亚项15(2.50 vs.8.0,P<0.001)评分低;在非运动量表评估中,帕金森病睡眠障碍组较帕金森病无睡眠障碍组的简易精神状态检查量表(25.24±4.22 vs.22.23±5.47,P=0.013)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(19.20±5.53 vs.15.73±5.57,P=0.007)评分降低,Stroop色词测验卡片A用时延长(4.60 vs.3.50,P<0.001),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(21.50 vs.15.00,P=0.002)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(19.0 vs.13.0,P=0.002)评分增加,认知亚项包括总视空间和执行功能(2.00±1.41 vs.2.85±1.74,P=0.017)、注意力(4.14±1.72 vs.6.80±1.80,P<0.001)、定向力(4.61±1.47 vs.5.50±0.98,P<0.001)等分项得分较差。帕金森病睡眠障碍组出现认知功能障碍比例显著升高(76.7%vs.36.0%,P<0.001)。回归分析提示PD睡眠量表评分下降是认知功能受损的危险因素(OR=0.235,P<0.05)。结论PD患者伴有睡眠障碍者易出现认知功能障碍。     

阿尔茨海默病患者的执行功能障碍

目的了解阿尔茨海默病(A lzhe im er d isease,AD)患者执行功能损害状况及对于生活能力的影响,探讨执行功能障碍与记忆等AD常见认知功能损害的相关性。方法运用神经心理学测验的方法对40例AD患者及30例轻度认知功能损害(m ild cogn itive impairm ent,MC I)患者进行执行功能、记忆及其他认知功能检查,同时进行生活能力评定。另外选择40名健康老人作对照。结果AD组的执行功能测验成绩均显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01),其中额叶功能评定量表(FAB)(5.29±2.47)分,执行性画钟作业(CLOX1)(4.63±3.56)分,Stroop测验错误次数(Stroop1)(14.17±8.99)分,词语流畅性测验(RVR)(17.56±10.51)分。除Stroop测验反应时间(Stroop2)外,MC I组的其他执行功能测验成绩显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05),其中FAB为(7.67±2.44)分,CLOX1为(7.86±3.78)分,Stroop1为(7.21±8.07)分,RVR为(30.86±8.38)分。用多元逐步回归方法分析不同认知功能对生活能力的影响,结果为反映执行功能的FAB测验成绩处于第一位,独立与操作性日常生活能力(IADL)相关(β=-0.778,t=-7.079,P<0.01)。各项执行功能测验与年龄相关性不明显(r=0.026~0.250,P>0.05),与简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、记忆测验成绩相关性好(r=0.438~0.786,P<0.01)。结论AD患者具有明显的执行功能障碍;在尚未到达痴呆水平的MC I阶段也可发现执行功能损害。执行功能和整体认知功能及记忆等认知域功能具有良好的相关性。AD患者的执行功能障碍是导致生活能力下降的重要因素。     

[^11C]-β-CFT脑多巴胺转运体PET显像在帕金森病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨[11C]-β-CFT多巴胺转运体(DAT)PET显像在帕金森病(PD)早期诊断及病情严重度评估的应用价值.方法:对早期PD组,晚期PD组和正常对照组进行[11C]-β-CFT基底节区DAT PET显像,比较3组间基底节DAT摄取指数差异,分析PD组基底节区DAT摄取指数与UPDRS评分的相关性.结果:PD患者基底节区DAT摄取指数显著降低;其中单侧PD患者症状/同侧基底节区DAT摄取指数明显低于对照组.PD组基底节各亚区DAT摄取指数与UPDRS运动评分呈显著负相关.结论:[11C]-β-CFT基底节DAT PET显像有助于PD的早期诊断及病情严重度的评估.     

糖耐量减低对男性精神分裂症患者注意功能及优势抑制的影响

目的:探讨糖耐量减低对男性精神分裂症患者注意功能及优势抑制的影响。方法:采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、数字广度测验、Stroop色词测验对30例糖耐量减低(IGT组)和30例糖耐量正常(NGT组)的男性精神分裂症患者进行认知功能评估。结果:IGT组Hb A1C、TG平均水平显著高于NGT组(P均0.05),IGT组Hb A1c达标百分比低于NGT组,IGT组高TG血症检出率高于NGT组;IGT组认知功能损害检出率高于NGT组,IGT组MMSE平均分显著低于NGT组,IGT组卡片C错误数、卡片C耗时数、SIE反应时显著高于NGT组,SIE正确数显著低于NGT组(P均0.05)。IGT组与NGT组顺背数字差异无统计学意义(P0.05),倒背数字IGT组显著低于NGT组(P0.05)。通过Logistics分析,年龄和病程对两组认知功能损害有显著影响(R2=0.85,P0.05)。结论:糖耐量减低影响男性精神分裂症患者的注意功能及优势抑制。     

帕金森病患者认知功能特点及合并快动眼睡眠障碍对认知功能的影响

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者的认知功能特点及PD合并快动眼睡眠障碍(PD-RBD)对认知功能的影响。方法选取PD患者50例(PD组),PD-RBD患者15例(PD-RBD组),健康对照者50名(对照组)。收集3组研究对象的详细人口学资料和临床信息,进行完整的认知功能评估,分析比较PD、PD-RBD患者和健康对照组的认知功能特点。结果单因素方差分析结果显示各组间差异有统计学意义的区域:包括RVLT再认、Rey-Osterrieth复杂图形模仿时间和评分、流畅性测试、符号数字转换测试、Stroop色词测试时间及连线测试的A和B部分。两两比较中,PD-RBD组在RVLT再认、Rey-Osterrieth复杂图形模仿时间、Stroop色词测试时间及连线测试B部分表现最差。结论 PD患者认知功能受损与RBD密切相关,RBD可能是PD认知功能障碍的重要危险因素。     

首发精神分裂症病人治疗前后认知功能改变及其与精神症状的相关研究

目的探讨利培酮治疗对未服药首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响,以及认知功能与症状变化的关联。方法采用威斯康星卡片分类测验、数字广度测试、词语流畅性测试、Stroop测试、连线测试评估42例首发未服药精神分裂症患者的执行功能、工作记忆、信息处理速度等变化;阳性和阴性症状量表评定患者精神症状;多元回归分析探讨认知功能与精神症状的关联。结果治疗前,患者组威斯康星测验持续错误数较对照组多(P0.001),完成分类数较对照组少(P=0.009);数字广度测试及词语流畅性分数(Ps0.001)均降低;Stroop及连线测试完成时间均较对照组延长(Ps0.001)。治疗后,患者组Stroop_B(P=0.022)、Stroop_C(P=0.033)完成时间较治疗前减少。治疗前连线测试A/B成绩越差,则阴性症状及总症状(Ps0.05)越严重;连线测试A成绩越差,阳性症状的改善越少(P=0.019)。结论精神分裂症患者发病早期存在认知功能损害;急性期治疗可改善精神病性症状及信息处理速度,但不改善执行功能及工作记忆;提示患者早期信息处理受损可能更接近状态性生物学标记,而执行功能、工作记忆受损更接近素质性生物学标记。     

化疗对胃肠肿瘤患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨化疗对胃肠肿瘤患者认知功能的影响。方法采用词汇流畅、连线试验A、数字广度、符号编码、Stroop任务5项神经心理测试,对87例胃肠肿瘤患者(胃肠肿瘤组)化疗前、化疗结束后半年的认知功能进行评定,以60例正常健康人(正常组)为对照。结果 (1)化疗前胃肠肿瘤组各认知功能评测与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)化疗后胃肠肿瘤组的连线试验A、数字广度、符号编码、Stroop颜色、Stroop色词干扰成绩较化疗前明显下降(P0.01),化疗后胃肠肿瘤组的连线试验A、数字广度、符号编码、Stroop颜色、Stroop色词干扰成绩也较正常组差(P0.05)。结论化疗对胃肠肿瘤患者的认知功能有损害。     

Controlled study of decision-making and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Impulse control disorders (ICD) related to reward-processing dysfunction have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationship between clinical markers of limbic dysfunction with demographic variables and cognitive status of PD is incompletely known. Our objective was to further characterize the relationship between limbic and cognitive dysfunction in a representative sample of nondemented PD patients without antecedents of ICD, as assessed by a risk-taking test of decision-making and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Prospective, controlled study of 35 nondemented PD patients and 31 matched controls who received the Iowa gambling task (IGT), the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) and verbal fluencies for global cognitive function, the Stroop and digit span tests for executive function, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test for memory. Compared to controls, PD patients performed significantly worse on the IGT. No clear relationship with demographic variables including dopaminergic treatment and motor response to levodopa (stable or fluctuating) emerged. Performance on the IGT was not related to executive function. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found between the IGT and memory and global cognitive performance, with patients with the better MDRS and memory scores performing significantly worse on the IGT. Our results confirm subclinical dysfunction of the limbic system in nondemented PD patients. Although impaired decision-making appears unrelated to executive dysfunction, patients with the better cognitive status appears more prone to assume risky behaviors.     

Decisions under ambiguity and decisions under risk: correlations with executive functions and comparisons of two different gambling tasks with implicit and explicit rules

We conducted two experiments with healthy subjects to investigate the possible relationships between Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance and executive functions as well as IGT performance and decision-making in a task with explicit rules, the Game of Dice Task (GDT). Results indicated that only the last trials of the IGT were correlated with executive functions and GDT performance. We suggest that the IGT taps into two mechanisms of decision-making: decisions under ambiguity in the first trials and decisions under risk in the latter trials. Results have impact on the interpretation of deficient IGT performance in patients with frontal lobe dysfunctions.     

抑郁对帕金森病患者执行功能的影响

目的 探讨抑郁对帕金森病(PD)患者执行功能的影响。方法 对41例PD患者及20例对照组进行整体认知功能、执行功能及抑郁状况的评定。整体认知功能评定使用简易智力状态量表(MMSE); 执行功能评定包括言语流畅性测验(VFT),连线测验(TMT),Stroop字色干扰测验(SCWT),画钟测验(CDT),数字符号替换测试(DSST)及数字广度测试(DST)等; 使用贝克抑郁自评量表(BDI)评估抑郁状态。结果 抑郁组SFT, PFT, DST, DSST, CDT, TMA,TMB, Stroop-B, Stroop-C,SIE评分均差于对照组(P<0.05); 非抑郁组PFT, DST, DSST,TMA,TMB, Stroop-C,SIE评分差于对照组(P<0.05); 与非抑郁组比较,抑郁组SFT, PFT, DST, DSST, TMA, TMB, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SIE评分较差(P<0.05)。结论 PD患者存在明显的执行功能障碍,抑郁可以明显加重PD患者的执行功能障碍。     

Iowa Gambling Task in patients with early-onset Parkinson’s disease: strategy analysis

The aim of our study was to analyse decision making in early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients performing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We compared 19 patients with early-onset PD (≤45?years) on dopaminergic medication (no evidence of depression, dementia, executive dysfunction according to the Tower of London test and the Stroop test, or pathological gambling) with 20 age-matched controls. A computer version of the IGT was employed. The PD patients achieved slightly lower IGT scores than the control group. A detailed analysis based on ‘shift frequencies’ between the individual decks showed that the patients tended to change their preferences for the decks more frequently, with a higher preference for the ‘disadvantageous’ deck B. Control subjects seemed to develop a more effective strategy. These differences could be caused by the poorer ability of the patients to develop any strategy at all. We observed changes in decision making during IGT performance in patients with early-onset PD, although they had no executive dysfunction as measured by established neuropsychological tests. The more detailed analysis employed in the present study could lead to a more accurate study of IGT performance and application of IGT in clinical practice.     

Impaired decision-making in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder

BackgroundPatients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) frequently develop Parkinson’s disease (PD), which can impair decision-making ability. This study was undertaken to investigate decision-making ability and its relation to olfactory function in patients with idiopathic RBD.MethodsThis study used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Sniffin’ Stick Test for examination of 38 patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) and 34 age-matched healthy control subjects (HC). Associations between these test results and other clinical RBD variables were also assessed.ResultsTotal IGT score and Sniffin’ Stick Test scores were significantly lower in the iRBD group than in the HC group. The iRBD group IGT scores in the first, third, and final blocks were significantly lower than those of the HC group. In the iRBD group, no association was found between the total IGT score and the Sniffin’ Stick Test score or any clinical RBD variable.ConclusionsImpaired decision-making associated with iRBD can herald PD. However, decision-making disability is thought to appear irrespective of olfactory dysfunction and progression of RBD pathology.     

Decision-making in Parkinson's disease patients with and without pathological gambling

Background and purpose:  Pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent impulse control disorder associated mainly with dopamine replacement therapy. As impairments in decision-making were described independently in PG and PD, the objective of this study was to assess decision-making processes in PD patients with and without PG.
Methods:  Seven PD patients with PG and 13 age, sex, education and disease severity matched PD patients without gambling behavior were enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychiatric and cognitive evaluation, including tasks used to assess decision-making abilities under ambiguous or risky situations, like the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Game of Dice Task and the Investment Task.
Results:  Compared to PD patients without gambling behavior, those with PG obtained poorer scores in the IGT and in a rating scale of social behavior, but not in other decision-making and cognitive tasks.
Conclusions:  Low performance in decision-making under ambiguity and abnormal social behavior distinguished PD patients with PG from those without this disorder. Dopamine replacement therapy may induce dysfunction of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala-ventral striatum system, thus increasing the risk for developing PG.     

Lower cognitive performance in healthy G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers

OBJECTIVE: To assess cognitive abilities of healthy first-degree relatives of Ashkenazi patients with Parkinson disease (PD), carriers of the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene. METHODS: In this observational study, 60 consecutive healthy first-degree relatives (aged 50.9 ± 6.2 years; 48% male; 30 G2019S carriers) were assessed using a computerized cognitive program, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS: G2019S carriers scored significantly lower on the computerized executive function index (p = 0.04) and on specific executive function tasks (Stroop test, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was associated with lower executive performance in a population at risk for PD.     

舍曲林与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症首次发病患者认知功能的相关研究

目的 比较舍曲林与帕罗西汀对抑郁症首次发病患者认知功能的影响及其相关因素.方法 将符合国际疾病分类第10版关于抑郁发作诊断标准、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)评分≥17分、年龄18～65岁的100例首次发病的门诊患者,按照随机数字表法分为舍曲林组(51例,剂量范围25～150 mg/d)和帕罗西汀组(49例,剂...     

Patients with Parkinson's disease learn to control complex systems-an indication for intact implicit cognitive skill learning

Implicit memory and learning mechanisms are composed of multiple processes and systems. Previous studies demonstrated a basal ganglia involvement in purely cognitive tasks that form stimulus response habits by reinforcement learning such as implicit classification learning. We will test the basal ganglia influence on two cognitive implicit tasks previously described by Berry and Broadbent, the sugar production task and the personal interaction task. Furthermore, we will investigate the relationship between certain aspects of an executive dysfunction and implicit learning. To this end, we have tested 22 Parkinsonian patients and 22 age-matched controls on two implicit cognitive tasks, in which participants learned to control a complex system. They interacted with the system by choosing an input value and obtaining an output that was related in a complex manner to the input. The objective was to reach and maintain a specific target value across trials (dynamic system learning). The two tasks followed the same underlying complex rule but had different surface appearances. Subsequently, participants performed an executive test battery including the Stroop test, verbal fluency and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). The results demonstrate intact implicit learning in patients, despite an executive dysfunction in the Parkinsonian group. They lead to the conclusion that the basal ganglia system affected in Parkinson's disease does not contribute to the implicit acquisition of a new cognitive skill. Furthermore, the Parkinsonian patients were able to reach a specific goal in an implicit learning context despite impaired goal directed behaviour in the WCST, a classic test of executive functions. These results demonstrate a functional independence of implicit cognitive skill learning and certain aspects of executive functions.