某高校大学生述情障碍与情境评价的关系

述情障碍(alexithymia)概念由Sifnoes等人于1972年提出,用于指称心身疾病患者的一类临床症状表现:难以识别情绪,难以在躯体感觉和情绪之间做出区分;难以向他人描述情感;想象活动或白日梦减少;外向性的思维方式[1].     

述情障碍观察量表中文版信度和效度研究

1973年 ,Sifneos[1] 首先提出述情障碍 (alexithymi a)一词 ,用于描述心身疾病患者“不能辨认、加工、调节情绪”的人格特征[2 ] 。述情障碍个体主要表现为 :在体验和表达情感方面存在困难 ,易焦虑 ,刻板、不灵活 ,退缩 ,缺乏想象力 ,拘于小节 ,循规蹈矩 ,缺乏洞悉感 ,不幽默 ,生活中缺乏个人价值感 ,焦虑和紧张主要通过躯体症状表现出来[3] 。述情障碍作为一种潜在的危险因素 ,使个体易患物质滥用、惊恐发作、躯体形式障碍、饮食障碍、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、焦虑等疾病 ,并降低其临床疗效 ,因而临床上对述情障碍进行评估具有实用价值[2 ,…     

银屑病患者的述情障碍

银屑病患者的述情障碍山东省临沂市精神卫生中心孙振晓于相芬中国煤矿工人临沂温泉疗养院岳秀奎述情障碍（Ａｌｅｘｉｔｈｙｍｉａ）又称“情感表达不能”或“情感难言症”，以不能适当地表达情绪，缺少幻想和实用性思维为特征。目前认为心身疾病中常见述情障碍［１］，而...     

不同类型述情障碍的团体辅导干预效果

目的:本研究旨在探讨情感型、认知型和综合型三种不同类型述情障碍的团体辅导对中学生述情障碍者心理健康的干预效果。方法:根据多伦多述情障碍量表的得分进行聚类分析,在中学生群体中得出三类述情障碍者,从中各随机选取20名被试,情感型述情障碍者使用情感型干预方案,认知型采用认知型干预方案,综合型采用综合型干预方案。采用实验组对照组前后测加追踪研究的实验设计,验证团体辅导的效果。结果:团体辅导后,三类述情障碍者多伦多述情障碍量表的综合维度得分和情感维度得分均存在显著差异,且3个月后效果依然存在;而在认知维度得分上,只有认知型和综合型述情障碍者得分存在显著差异,且3个月后效果仍存在,情感型述情障碍者在该维度上前、后测及追踪得分差异均不显著。对照组得分均无显著性差异。结论:分类型的述情障碍团体辅导能够有效、有针对性地改善中学生群体中不同类型述情障碍者的述情障碍状况,对改善其心理健康有重要作用。     

大学生依恋对述情障碍的影响

目的 探讨大学生依恋模式对述情障碍的影响.方法 选取136位正在恋爱的大学生为被试,采用亲密关系经历量袁(ECR)的中文版和多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)中文版进行调查,并对其结果做t检验、相关、回归以及曲线分析.结果 ①性别在述情障碍上的差异无统计学意义(t=0.239,P＞0.05);②性别在依恋上的差异无统计学意义(t=0.879,P＞0.05);③焦虑得分高于回避得分,差异有统计学意义(t=4.596,P＜0.05);④依恋的回避维度与述情障碍的难以描述自己的情感显著正相关(P＜0.01),依恋的焦虑维度与述情障碍的难以识别自己的情感显著正相关(P＜0.01),与述情障碍的难以描述自己的情感显著正相关(P＜0.01);⑤不安全依恋对述情障碍有预测效果.结论 依恋与述情障碍关系密切;依恋对述情障碍的影响在宏观上表现出线性相关,微观上存在S型曲线的波动.     

综合性医院门诊就诊患者述情障碍与情绪状态

目的探讨综合性医院门诊就诊患者述情障碍与情绪状态的相关关系。方法采用述情障碍量表和中国心身健康量表中的焦虑和抑郁因子,以382例门诊就诊患者作为研究组和462名健康人群作为对照组进行问卷调查,数据应用t检验、描述统计、Pearson相关分析、回归分析。结果①综合性医院门诊就诊患者述情障碍总分及各因子分均高于对照组(t=1.746~7.419,P0.05,除情感体验缺失因子);②已婚患者的述情障碍状况较未婚患者好(F=2.662~3.160,P0.05)、高文化患者的述情障碍较低文化患者好(F=0.773~6.253,P0.01,除情感体验缺失因子);③门诊就诊患者述情障碍与焦虑、抑郁呈正相关(r=0.067~0.281,P0.05),与其一般情况无显著相关(P0.05);④影响综合性医院门诊就诊患者述情障碍的主要原因是焦虑(P0.01)。结论综合性医院门诊就诊患者的述情障碍相对较严重;已婚和高文化患者的述情障碍状况较好;焦虑、抑郁症状越严重,患者的述情障碍越差,其中影响述情障碍的主要因素是焦虑因子。     

50例功能性胃肠疾病患者的述情障碍及睡眠质量分析

述情障碍主要表现为情感交流及分辨能力减退、缺乏幻想或想象力和对梦的回忆、认知拘泥于外部细节 ,常见于神经症、心身疾病和多种精神障碍患者[1] 。述情障碍和睡眠质量差不仅与胃肠疾病的发生有关 ,更重要的是影响胃肠疾病的治疗效果和康复。本研究对 5 0例胃肠疾病患者的述情障碍和睡眠质量做一比较分析 ,为躯体疾病的心理治疗提供依据。1　对象与方法1.1　研究对象病例组 5 0名被试随机选自消化内科门诊及住院患者 ,全部病例均经Ｘ光或ＣＴ、Ｂ超、内镜和其他实验室辅助检查 ,排除了器质性疾病、确诊为功能性胃肠疾病 (ＦＧＩＤ)并接受…     

述情障碍者的情绪认知与认知性调节特征

目的:探讨述情障碍者的情绪认知加工特征,并分析述情障碍者的认知性情绪调节特征.方法:在本对照研究中,采用班级整群抽样的方法抽出712名学生.采用多伦多述情障碍20个条目量表(TAS-20)中文版筛选出述情障碍者(TAS-20≥58分)117名和非述情障碍者(TAS-20≤ 38分)118名,比较两组认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ)、抑郁自评量表(CES-D)得分差异.间隔2～3个月后利用TAS-20对这235名受试进行重测,筛选出51名述情障碍者与54名非述情障碍者,分别对120张情绪图片进行愉悦度、唤醒度和优势度评分.结果:(1)述情障碍组消极应对维度得分高于非述情障碍组[(47.3±5.9)vs.(41.9±5.9),P<0.001],而积极应对维度得分低于非述情障碍组[(65.2±7.7)vs.(71.1±7.3),P<0.001].(2)在愉悦度的评分上,述情障碍组对正性图片的评分低于非述情障碍组[(7.0±1.0)vs.(7.7±1.0),P<0.001],而对负性图片的评分高于非述情障碍组[(2.4±1.0)vs.(1.4±1.0),P<0.001];唤醒度方面,述情障碍组对正性和负性图片的评分均低于非述情障碍组[正性:(6.3±1.2)vs.(6.8±1.1),P=0.040;负性:(6.4±1.5)vs.(7.2±1.4),P=0.007].结论:述情障碍者存在情绪的认知加工缺陷,且存在认知性情绪调节缺陷.     

精神科医师述情障碍与工作倦怠的关系

目的:分析精神科医师述情障碍与工作倦怠的关系,探讨影响精神科医师工作倦怠的因素。方法:对4所精神专科医院的112名从业1~31年的精神科医师进行问卷调查,采用Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版(MBI-GS)和多伦多述情障碍20项量表(TAS-20)评估工作倦怠和述情障碍水平,按照芬兰"健康2000"系列研究界定倦怠标准,应用多重线性回归分析评价述情障碍对工作倦怠的预测作用。结果:13.4%(15/112)的精神科医师存在重度工作倦怠。相关分析显示,TAS-20总分(r=0.22,P0.05)和"情感辨别不能"得分(r=0.23,P0.05)与MBI-GS总分呈正相关,TAS-20总分(r=0.30,P0.01)及"情感辨别不能"(r=0.33,P0.01)、"情感描述不能"得分(r=0.27,P0.01)与MBI-GS"成就感降低"因子分呈正相关。多重线性回归分析显示,"情感辨别不能"因子得分与"成就感降低"因子得分呈正向关联(β=0.36,P0.05)。结论:精神科医师倦怠问题突出,情感辨别不能可能是成就感低落的预测因素。     

述情障碍在中国的研究现状

述情障碍 ( alexitymia)又译作“情感表达不能”或“情感难言症”,它并非一种独立的精神疾病 ,可为一种人格特征 ,也可为某些躯体或精神疾病时较常见到的心理特点 ,或为其继发症状。它的主要特征为 :1缺乏言语描述情感的能力 ;2缺乏幻想 ;3实用主义的思维方式 ,其过程具体而僵化 ,缺乏象征性。国外自从 1 972年 Sifneos命名以来 ,引起心身医学和精神病学研究者的广泛重视 ,对其有关方面已有不少报告。国内最早由张建平 ( 1 990 )在中国心理学会“个性”研讨会作了“述情障碍”个性特点的研究概况的报告 [1 ] ,杨菊贤等 ( 1 991 )在《上海精…     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.