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1.
Widmeyer JR Bendell-Young LI 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2008,55(3):442-450
Wild Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and sediment, both resuspended and suspended (RSS) samples (<53 μm), were collected over an 8-month period from a coastal
estuary in Baynes Sound, BC, Canada. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) was used to determine, first, if RSS sediments was an important dietary source to C. gigas and, second, if so, whether it served as a significant dietary exposure route for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Although RSS sediments
were high in trace metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, and notably Cu, stable isotope signatures for oyster tissues did not correspond
to those of RSS sediments. These results indicate that RSS sediments are not a significant source of metal to the oysters.
In addition, we compared the potential risk to humans ingesting C. gigas with levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from this study to the current Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
chronic oral minimal risk levels (MRLs) using current Canadian consumption guidelines of three oysters/week. Cu, Pb, and Zn
levels were below MRL levels, with Cd exceeding the recommended 0.2 μg/kg/day MRL level fourfold. Total daily intake levels
(TDI) for Cd were additionally calculated and either reached or exceeded the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health
Organization (FAP/WHO) reference dose of 1 μg/kg/day for Cd consumption in Canadians. Our results indicate that the current
Canadian Cd consumption guidelines do not protect individuals consuming the maximum recommended levels of wild oysters. 相似文献
2.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments in Bohai Bay, North China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Shuifen Zhan Shitao Peng Chunguang Liu Qing Chang Jian Xu 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,84(4):482-487
Characteristics of the spatial and temporal distributions of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg) in Bohai Bay, north
China was examined. Surface sediment samples from 15 sites were collected and analyzed for the selected metals with atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAS) from the year of 1997–2007. Mean concentrations of metals in the 11-year period showed that
Hg and Zn concentrations slightly fluctuated, while Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments varied with time. High levels
of heavy metals occurred not only along the shoreline but also at some site in the inner part of the bay, suggesting the contamination
sources of heavy metals from both terrestrial inputs and the atmospheric deposition. Compared with the environmental background
values of selected heavy metals it indicated that anthropogenic activities influenced the sediment quality. The contamination
factor
\textCif {\text{C}}^{i}_{f} , which is used to evaluate the pollution of the environment, showed that the contamination by selected heavy metals was moderate.
Cd, Zn and Pb were the main polluting elements in this area. 相似文献
3.
Farag AM Nimick DA Kimball BA Church SE Harper DD Brumbaugh WG 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,52(3):397-409
To characterize the partitioning of metals in a stream ecosystem, concentrations of trace metals including As, Cd, Cu, Pb,
and Zn were measured in water, colloids, sediment, biofilm (also referred to as aufwuchs), macroinvertebrates, and fish collected from the Boulder River watershed, Montana. Median concentrations of Cd, Cu, and
Zn in water throughout the watershed exceeded the U.S. EPA acute and chronic criteria for protection of aquatic life. Concentrations
of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment were sufficient in the tributaries to cause invertebrate toxicity. The concentrations
of As, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in invertebrates from lower Cataract Creek (63, 339, 59, 34, and 2,410 μg/g dry wt, respectively)
were greater than the concentrations in invertebrates from the Clark Fork River watershed, Montana (19, 174, 2.3, 15, and
648 μg/g, respectively), that were associated with reduced survival, growth, and health of cutthroat trout fed diets composed
of those invertebrates. Colloids and biofilm seem to play a critical role in the pathway of metals into the food chain and
concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in these two components are significantly correlated. We suggest that transfer of metals
associated with Fe colloids to biological components of biofilm is an important pathway where metals associated with abiotic
components are first available to biotic components. The significant correlations suggest that Cd, Cu, and Zn may move independently
to biota (biofilm, invertebrates, or fish tissues) from water and sediment. The possibility exists that Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations
increase in fish tissues as a result of direct contact with water and sediment and indirect exposure through the food chain.
However, uptake through the food chain to fish may be more important for As. Although As concentrations in colloids and biofilm
were significantly correlated with As water concentrations, As concentrations in fish tissues were not correlated with water.
The pathway for Pb into biological components seems to begin with sediment because concentrations of Pb in water were not
significantly correlated with any other component and because concentrations of Pb in the water were often below detection
limits. 相似文献
4.
Gust KA 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2006,50(1):7-13
The joint toxicity of combined metals and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is poorly understood and may deviate from the
summed concentration responses of the individual pollutants. The freshwater amphipod Hyalella az-teca was exposed to sediment-amended Cd and phenanthrene (Phen) individually and in combination using United States Environmental
Protection Agency 10-day sediment toxicity bioassays with lethality and growth end points. The lethal joint toxicity of Cd
and Phen was investigated separately in 24-, 48-, and 72-hour aqueous exposures. In sediment exposures, a sublethal concentration
of Phen (144 mg kg−1) in combination with Cd increased mortality across a range of Cd concentrations and decreased the 10-day LC50 for Cd from 523 mg kg−1 (461 to 588, 95% confidence interval [CI]) to 263 mg kg−1 (214 to 312, 95% CI). In contrast, sublethal concentrations of Phen had no effect on the lethal toxicity of Cd in aqueous
exposures. Combined sediment-amended Cd and Phen acted independently on growth rate. Rate decreases were driven primarily
by Cd. Our findings indicated that association with sediment influences the joint toxicity of Cd and Phen. Thus, mixtures
of Cd and Phen may cause synergistic or independent toxicity in H. azteca depending on the end point investigated and the experimental protocol employed. As an implication of these results, the interpretation
of standardized toxicity bioassays, including whole-effluent toxicity tests and single-compound toxicity tests, must be made
with caution. These assessment protocols may underestimate potentially hazardous mixture effects in sediment environments.
Therefore, risk assessment protocols for environments containing metal–PAH mixtures must include robust methods that can detect
possible interactive effects among contaminants to optimize environmental protection. 相似文献
5.
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Marine Fishes Collected from Fish Culture Sites in Hong Kong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The levels of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in different tissues of three species of cultured marine fishes
(Epinephelus areolatus, Lutjanus russelli, and Sparus sarba) collected from three fish culture sites in Hong Kong were evaluated. Metal pollution problems in the fish culture sites
were serious, as reflected by the high metal concentrations recorded in sea water, sediments, and the biomonitor Perna viridis. In general, tissues of all three species contained high concentrations of Zn and Cu, but much lower concentrations of Ni,
Pb, Cd, and Cr. Similar pattern of heavy metal concentrations was observed in sea water, sediment, and P. viridis. Metal concentrations in various tissues varied greatly among species and among fish culture sites. Different tissues showed
different capacity for accumulating heavy metals. Gonad of all three species contained high concentrations of Zn. On the other
hand, liver seemed to be the primary organ for Cu accumulation. Overall, metal concentrations in the tissues of culture marine
fishes were much lower than those in P. viridis. Despite high metal levels in sea water and sediments, concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Pb in edible tissues, including muscle
and skin, did not exceed permissible levels recommended by the Hong Kong Government for human consumption.
Received: 3 December 1999/Accepted: 13 June 2000 相似文献
6.
Salahshur S Bakhtiari AR Kochanian P 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(6):951-955
The concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in tissues (shell and soft tissue) of 144 of bivalve mollusks (Solen brevis) and 15 samples of surface sediment collected from three locations in intertidal zones of Bushehr coast, Persian Gulf, Iran
in May 2011. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cd and Pb in the sediment samples were 26.2, 1.25, and 21.1 μg/g dw, respectively.
The mean levels of Zn, Cd and Pb in the clam samples were 63.3, 0.67, and 4.38 μg/g dw in soft tissue and 10. 7, 1.53, and
15.6 μg/g dw in shell, respectively. The degrees of variability (CV %) for Cd and Pb within the shells were lower than for
soft tissues, whereas the CV for Zn was lower in the soft tissue than in the shell, indicating that there is more precision
(lower CV) in the determination of Cd and Pb in the shells and Zn in the soft tissues. Significant correlation were found
between Cd (r = 0.63; p < 0.05) and Pb (r = 0.78; p < 0.01) concentrations in the shell of S.
brevis and their concentrations in the surface sediments. Indeed, Zn concentrations in the soft tissue of S. brevis significantly (r = 0.63; p < 0.05) correlated with Zn concentrations in surface sediments. The results of this study suggest that the shell of S.
brevis may serve as a reliable biomonitor for Cd and Pb, and the soft tissue for Zn. 相似文献
7.
Heavy Metal Toxicity and Differential Effects on the Hyperglycemic Stress Response in the Shrimp Palaemon elegans 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lorenzon S Francese M Ferrero EA 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2000,39(2):167-176
Agricultural and industrial activities cause heavy metal pollution of the aquatic environment. The sensitivity of crustaceans
to heavy metals is well documented. However, the hormonal and metabolic target of physiological functions affected by sublethal
toxicity and stress responses have been scarcely investigated. Exposure of Palaemon elegans to increasing concentrations of heavy metals dissolved in artificial sea water resulted in an order of toxicity tested by
LC50 for 96 h in intact and eyestalkless animals in which Hg is the most toxic, followed by Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Eyestalkless animals
were found to be more sensitive than intact individuals. Heavy metals affect the blood glucose levels, yet manipulative stress
does not. The intermediate sublethal concentrations of Hg, Cd, and Pb produced significant hyperglycemic responses within
3 h, while the highest concentrations elicited no hyperglycemia in 24 h. In contrast, animals exposed to Cu and Zn showed
hyperglycemia even at high concentrations. This difference in response between Cu or Zn and the nonessential heavy metals
Cd, Hg, or Pb can probably be explained by the physiological roles of the former in crustaceans and by tolerance adaptations.
Involvement of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (cHH) was tested by routine bioassay on eyestalkless individuals; each
group was injected with a two-eyestalk-equivalent extract from control animals or from shrimp exposed to high concentrations
of Cd, Hg, Pb, or low concentrations of Cu or Zn. All showed a hyperglycemic response within 2 h. In contrast, extracts of
eyestalk removed from animals that had developed a full hyperglycemic reaction after exposure to low concentrations of Hg,
Cd, Pb, or high concentrations of Cu and Zn were depleted of cHH as shown by the attenuation of the response after injection
of the extracts into eyestalkless animals. This generalized and predictable sublethal response can be used as a quantitative
physiological biomarker for water quality monitoring assessment.
Received: 22 September 1999/Accepted: 9 March 2000 相似文献
8.
Kazemi A Bakhtiari AR Kheirabadi N Barani H Haidari B 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(1):100-103
This study was performed to determine the variation of metals concentrations (Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu) in surface sediments based
on type region development from ten sites on the intertidal coastal zone of the Persian Gulf, Iran. The metals concentrations
in surface sediments varied from 0.86 to 180.78 μg g−1 for Pb, 0.61 to 6.48 μg g−1 for Cd, 5.99 to 44.42 μg g−1 for Zn, and 3.01 to 43.33 μg g−1 for Cu. The quality of the sediments was evaluated based on sediment quality guidelines (effects range-low (ERL) and effects
range-medium (ERM) indexes. Biological effects criteria suggest that metals concentrations in sediments were lower than ERM
for all sites, but for some sites metals concentrations in sediments were higher than ERL. The present results support the
concept that human activities in each region could be a major source of metals pollution input in the aquatic environment. 相似文献
9.
E. Z. Ochieng J. O. Lalah S. O. Wandiga 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,83(4):600-607
Water and surface sediment samples from Rivers Sabaki, Ramisi and Vevesi that flow into the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya were
analysed for heavy metals. The sediment concentrations of exchangeable cations (in μg/g) for Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn
ranged from 0.10 to 506.75 (for Mn at Sabaki), constituting between 2% and 20% of the total metal concentrations obtained
by digestion with strong acid. Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were more leachable with 0.1 N HCl. The total dissolved metal in water
and the total sediment concentrations for Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn are given in the text. For dissolved metals,
the metal/Mn ratios indicated higher concentrations of Ag in Sabaki River, Cd in Ramisi, Ni in Sabaki and Pb in Ramisi, respectively.
In sediments, the metal/Mn ratios showed higher enrichment of Ag in Ramisi, Cd in Sabaki and Vevesi, and Zn in Sabaki, respectively.
Enrichment factors showed elevated levels of Cd, Pb and Zn in sediment in River Sabaki and River Vevesi that were due to anthropogenic
inputs through Athi River. The total dissolved metal concentration ranges for the three rivers were comparable with those
ranges reported in rivers in South Africa but the sediment concentrations were below those of rivers in Europe and Asia where
anthropogenic addition of some of the toxic elements such as Cu, Pb and Cd is evidently higher. 相似文献
10.
Langner HW Greene E Domenech R Staats MF 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,62(4):681-695
We investigated links between mining-related contaminants in river sediment and their occurrence in nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the Clark Fork River Basin, Montana, USA. Blood and feather samples from 111 osprey chicks were collected during 4 years
from nests along river sections with greatly different sediment concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu),
lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg). No significant differences between river sections were found among Zn (3,150 ± 160 μg
L−1) and Cd (<5 μg L−1) concentrations in blood. Cu, Pb, and As concentrations in blood were significantly increased in chicks from the most contaminated
river sections (mean values of 298, 8.9, and 100 μg L−1, respectively). Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations increased significantly during a year of above-average river runoff combined
with high suspended sediment loads in rivers. Total Hg concentrations in blood and feathers were highly correlated and depended
on the geographic locations of the nests. The lowest blood concentrations of Hg were observed in the most upstream river section
(mean 151 μg L−1) where total sediment concentrations were increased (0.80 mg kg−1). River sections with intermediate blood concentrations (mean 206 and 303 μg L−1) were associated with low to intermediate sediment concentrations (0.058 and 0.46 mg kg−1). The highest concentrations of Hg in ospreys (mean 548 μg L−1) were observed downstream from a contaminated tributary (1–4 mg kg−1 in sediment). In river sections with lower Hg concentrations in sediment, there was a negative correlation between blood
Hg concentration and chick mass, presumably due to high deposition rates into growing feathers. This relationship was absent
in sections of high Hg exposure. Osprey blood and feathers are suitable for monitoring Hg in aquatic ecosystems; however,
responses of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn are more subtle. 相似文献
11.
Ochieng EZ Lalah JO Wandiga SO 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,79(5):570-576
The concentrations of heavy metals Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn were analysed in water and surface sediments
of five Rift Valley lakes Nakuru, Elementaita, Naivasha, Bogoria and Baringo in Kenya. The dissolved mean concentration levels
(μg/L) in water ranged within 13.0–185.0 (Ag), 2.0–43.0 (Cd), 5.0–316.0 (Co), 25.0–188.0 (Cr), 4.7–100.0 (Cu), 50.0–282.0
(Mn), 19.0–288.0 (Ni), 25.0–563.0 (Pb), 300.0–1050.0 (Sn) and 29.0–235.0 (Zn). The mean sediment concentrations (in μg/g (dry
weight)) ranged within 0.1–0.35 (Ag), 0.05–1.18 (Cd), 0.17–1.38 (Co), 1.94–4.91 (Cr), 1.46–20.95 (Cu), 667.7–3946.8 (Mn),
11.69–39.72 (Ni), 10.92–38.98 (Pb), 17.21–56.52 (Sn) and 96.2–229.6 (Zn). The data indicate that some of the sites analysed,
especially in Lake Nakuru, had relatively higher concentration levels of heavy metals Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the water
which points to anthropogenic addition. However, potential influence of geochemical processes on the concentration levels
in sediment is also shown in Co, Ni, and Cu which were more concentrated in the remote Lake Baringo sediment as well as in
Pb and Mn which were more concentrated in the remote Lake Bogoria sediment. Data on some important limnological parameters
including pH, salinity, electrical conductivity and temperature are also presented. 相似文献
12.
Olivares-Rieumont S Lima L De la Rosa D Graham DW Columbie I Santana JL Sánchez MJ 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,79(6):583-587
The Almendares River is central to recreational and other activities in Havana, Cuba. However, monitoring indicated significant
heavy metal contamination in river sediments, especially below Calle 100, the largest landfill in Havana. This work extended
previous sediment studies by determining complementary Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Zn levels in indigenous water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes; EC) above and below the landfill. Pb, Cu, and Zn were significantly elevated in EC roots below the landfill and also correlated
with sediment data (p < 0.05), implying elevated levels likely result from landfill activity and might be useful biomonitors as river remediation
proceeds. 相似文献
13.
Shouta M. M. Nakayama Yoshinori Ikenaka Kaampwe Muzandu Kennedy Choongo Balazs Oroszlany Hiroki Teraoka Naoharu Mizuno Mayumi Ishizuka 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,59(2):291-300
We measured the level of heavy metal accumulation in lake sediments, herbivorous (Oreochromis niloticus) and carnivorous (Serranochromis thumbergi) fish, and crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) from Lake Itezhi-tezhi (ITT) and Lake Kariba. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify the levels of seven
heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni). The sediment and the herbivorous fish O. niloticus accumulated a very high concentration of Cu in Lake ITT, most likely due to the discharge of Cu waste from a mining area
450 km upstream. The aquatic species we sampled in Lake Kariba had higher concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pb relative to those
in Lake ITT. This is most likely due to anthropogenic activities, such as the use of leaded petrol and antifouling agents
in marine paints. Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation between the coefficient of condition (K) and Ni concentration in the crayfish hepatopancreas. Both O. niloticus and the crayfish had much higher biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) for Cu, Zn, and Cd relative to Cr, Co, Pb, and
Ni. The rank of BSAF values for O. niloticus (Cu > Cd > Zn) and C. quadricarinatus (Zn > Cd > Cu) differed from the expected ranks based on the general order of affinity of metals (Cd >> Zn > Cu). 相似文献
14.
High concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were found in the euxinic sediment of the inner archipelago of Stockholm. In the sulfide-rich sediment, they are precipitated as metal sulfides with low dissolving capacity and bioavailability. In two experiments, the significance of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and dissolved sulfides for mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of metals were studied by oxygenation of intact sediment cores. Influence of bioturbating deposit-feeding amphipods, that is, Monoporeia affinis, was examined on studied sediment processes. Results showed a low mobility of most metals except Cd and Zn. Bioturbation did not enhance mobility. Cd and Zn, released from the sediment, were not bioaccumulated in amphipods. In contrast, the less mobile metals Hg and Pb were bioaccumulated. A low toxicity of contaminated sediments, in terms of mortality and embryonic malformations of amphipods, was recorded. Results indicate that Cd, Zn, and Cu are comparatively unavailable after oxygenation of the metal sulfides. Similar results were recorded in contaminated sediments differing in redox potential, AVS, dissolved sulfides, and organic contents, suggesting that other metal ligands, in addition to AVS, are important for metal bioavailability and toxicity in anoxic and suboxic environments. 相似文献
15.
Önder Kılıç Murat Belivermiş 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2013,91(4):402-408
The Golden Horn Estuary and Bosphorus Strait are two major marine environments of metropolitan Istanbul which have been exposed to intensive industrial discharges for more than 50 years. In the present study, concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were measured in mussel tissue and sediment samples by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy to assess the current status of metal pollution in the Golden Horn and Bosphorus Strait. Ranges of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in soft parts of the mussels were BDL-2.59; BDL-7.35; 3.96–20.90; BDL-10.0; and 124.8–293.2 μg g?1 dry weight (dw), respectively, while the ranges of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in <63 μm sediment fractions were BDL, 19.5–300.3, 16.9–724.7, 10.5–260.9, and 39.3–793.1 μg g?1 dw, respectively. Ranges of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in >63 μm sediment fractions were BDL, 4.73–52.81, 3.45–481.87, 3.13–174.67 and 10.7–241.2 μg g?1 dw, respectively. Trace metal concentrations found in sediment of the Golden Horn were 5–10 times higher than average literature values obtained in Mediterranean marine environment, whereas those of the Bosphorus Strait were consistent with or slightly higher than average literature values. 相似文献
16.
In this study, it was aimed to determine accumulation of the metal concentrations in fish species in different regions which
are Sürmene and Yomra bay at southeastern Black sea in Trabzon-Turkey. For this purpose, concentrations of metals (Cr, Co,
Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in muscle of red
mullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus). Metal concentrations were found for whiting ranged as follows; 0.35–1.64 (Cr), 0.01–0.09 (Co), 0.01–0.71 (Ni), 0.71–1.45
(Cu), 18.64–68.06 (Zn), 2.05–9.66 (As), 0.15–14.16 (Se), 0.01–0.22 (Cd), 0.01–0.01 (Sb), 0.01–0.15 (Hg), 0.01–0.25 (Pb) and
for red mullet as 0.43–1.04 (Cr), 0.05–0.23 (Co), 0.02–0.67 (Ni), 0.74–2.32 (Cu), 19.89–43.50 (Zn), 6.04–24.82 (As), 0.02–9.83
(Se), 0.01–0.11 (Cd), 0.01–0.01 (Sb), 0.07–0.18 (Hg), 0.01–0.20 (Pb) μg g−1 dry weight. Metal concentrations in samples were found to be lower than legal limits proposed by Turkish Food Codex (2008), Food and Agricultural Organization (1983), and European Commission (Off J Eur Union L364-5–L364-24, 2006) for human consumption. 相似文献
17.
Since the reduction of the arsenic standard from 50 to 10 μg L−1 by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2006 many small town and rural water municipalities were left with the task of preventing or mitigating arsenic contamination of drinking water supplies. In this study macrophytes and sediments were used to determine the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) within the primary source of drinking water (Gallinas River watershed) to the residents of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Sampling was done in the spring and fall at four sites, two above the city and two below, and samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. Results showed significantly higher (p<.05) metal concentrations in plant roots than shoots for most metals. Spearman’s correlation showed positive correlations (r>.3) between plant and sediment concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, As, and a negative correlation for Cu. The site above waste water treatment plant (AWWTP) had the highest plant tissue concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and As. All of these concentrations attained critical toxicity levels exceeding sediment quality guidelines. High concentration factor values and levels of metals detected in macrophyte tissues indicate that heavy metals within sediments in the Gallinas River occur in bioavailable forms. Correlations between plant and sediment metal concentrations indicate that metal concentrations in macrophyte tissues are a good reflection of metal concentrations within the sediment in the Gallinas River. 相似文献
18.
Muller SL Huggett DB Rodgers JH 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2001,40(2):192-197
The vascular macrophyte Typha latifolia Linnaeus (common cattail) may be a sentinel for evaluating potential phytotoxicity to rooted aquatic macrophytes in aquatic
systems. To further evaluate the potential utility of this species, T. latifolia seed germination, shoot growth, and root elongation were measured in 7-day aqueous exposures using mean measured aqueous
copper concentrations of 10.0, 23, 41, 62, 174, and 402 μg Cu/L, which were ≥ 62% of nominal concentrations. Seed germination
and seedling shoot growth were not significantly affected by any of these copper concentrations as compared to controls. Mean
measured no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect-concentration (LOEC) for root elongation were
18.6 μg Cu/L and 35.0 μg Cu/L, respectively. Seven-day sediment tests were conducted by amending uncontaminated sediments
with copper sulfate to mean measured concentrations of 7.9, 17.1, 21.0, 51.2, 89.5, and 173.5 mg Cu/kg, which were ≥ 84% of
nominal concentrations. Seed germination was not significantly different from controls. Mean measured NOEC and LOEC values
for seedling shoot growth were 89.5 mg Cu/kg and 173.5 mg Cu/kg, respectively, and mean measured NOEC and LOEC values for
root growth were 14.0 mg Cu/kg and 19.7 mg Cu/kg, respectively. These results demonstrate that T. latifolia early seedling growth can be utilized for assessing aqueous and sediment toxicity of copper.
Received: 21 March 2000/Accepted: 28 August 2000 相似文献
19.
Morales-Hernández F Soto-Jiménez MF Páez-Osuna F 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2004,46(4):485-491
Concentrations of selected heavy metals in lobster (Panulirus gracilis) tissues and sediments (bulk and bioavailable fractions) from an area influenced by sewage discharge in Mazatlán Bay were determined. Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the sediments showed enrichment factors higher than one related to the discharge and were higher than the lower values of the sediment quality guidelines proposed by NOAA and CCME. In addition to the high levels, relatively high bioavailability in the sediments was estimated for Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn, suggesting a possible adverse effect on the associated benthic organisms. A high concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni was found in the exoskeleton of P. gracilis. The hemolymph, hepatopancreas, gills, and gonads concentrate Cu, Cd, and Zn to levels higher than the available concentration in the sediments (BCF > 1). However, most of the metals studied in the edible muscle tissue in P. gracilis ranged within the recommended limits for human consumption, except Pb, which was found to be above the acceptable level for shellfish and represents a health risk. 相似文献
20.
Macías-Zamora JV Sánchez-Osorio JL Ríos-Mendoza LM Ramírez-Alvarez N Huerta-Díaz MA López-Sánchez D 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2008,55(2):218-228
San Ignacio and Ojo de Liebre lagoons in central Baja California, Mexico are nursery and grazing grounds for whales and turtles.
Ojo de Liebre Lagoon also supports a salt mine operation. By concentrating trace metals via evaporation, this activity might
harm biota. Consequently, salt mining might be incompatible with the lagoon’s ecological role. Eelgrass can incorporate these
elements and reroute them to other organisms. Trace metals in sediments (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe) were measured
at both lagoons. Some (Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were also measured in Zostera marina patches at both lagoons. The results did not show elevated metal concentration at any lagoon, either for sediments or eelgrass.
No statistically significant differences between lagoons were found. However, eelgrass at both lagoons showed larger concentration
ranges than in sediments. Also, a correlation exists between sediment metal concentration and its concentration in eelgrass.
Surprisingly, several sediment metal concentrations are higher than those considered as elevated for the Southern California
Bight. 相似文献