Wernicke脑病的MRI表现

目的 探讨Wernicke脑病(Wernicke's encephalopathy,WE)的MRI表现,以提高诊断水平.方法 收集临床确诊并具有完整MRI资料的11例WE进行回顾性分析.结果 5例病变对称性分布于丘脑内侧、第三脑室周围灰质及乳头体.3例病变位于第三脑室周围灰质、中脑导水管周围灰质.2例病变位于中脑导水管周围灰质、丘脑内侧并乳头体萎缩.1例病变位于丘脑内侧、第三脑室周围灰质及顶枕叶皮质区.病变于T1WI为等或低信号,T2WI表现为高信号;FLAIR序列呈高信号;4例急性期病变DWI图像呈高信号.2例增强扫描病例示乳头体呈结节状强化.结论 WE具有典型的MRI表现,对临床诊断有重要意义.     

Wernicke encephalopathy: unusual findings in nonalcoholic patients

We report the unique findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two cases of diet-related Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). There was no relation to alcohol in either case. The first patient presented with seizures and showed changes of WE on diffusion-weighted MRI with involvement of the motor strip. The second case illustrates extensive changes in the thalamus caused by WE, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus requiring shunting.     

Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings in two patients

Wernicke encephalopathy is a serious neurologic disorder caused by vitamin-B1 or thiamine deficiency. In the literature the characteristic symmetric paraventricular lesions of Wernicke encephalopathy are hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences spin-echo (SE) and enhance on T1-weighted SE sequences after intravenous gadolinium administration in the acute phase. We present two patients in the acute phase of Wernicke encephalopathy with special reference to the MR imaging. One of our reported cases is special because of the MR demonstration of a hemorrhagic focus in the caput of the right nucleus caudatus. The other case demonstrates no enhancement on SE T1-weighted sequences after intravenous gadolinium administration. Received: 1 July 1998; Revision received: 19 January 1998; Accepted: 20 January 1998     

Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings in five patients

Wernicke encephalopathy is a disease usually related to chronic alcoholism. The clinical diagnosis is often difficult to establish, and CT is unable to provide specific findings. MR follow-up studies in five patients affected by Wernicke encephalopathy were performed with the aim of establishing the sensitivity of MR in depicting the typical diencephalic/mesencephalic lesions. All subjects had MR imaging in the acute phase of the disease and were reexamined 6-12 months later, at which time they were in good health. Three of them also had CT scanning. On MR, hyperintense areas seen surrounding the third ventricle and aqueduct during the acute phase of the disease had disappeared or diminished on follow-up evaluations. The third ventricle and aqueduct were dilated. We suggest that these findings reflect the natural evolution of Wernicke encephalopathy. The MR findings in Wernicke encephalopathy enable early diagnosis of the disease, which has a positive effect on both treatment and prognosis.     

Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings and clinical presentation

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological disorder caused by vitamin B1 deficiency. The aim of the study was to analyse MRI findings typical for this disease and to evaluate the significance of their correlations with clinical symptoms. Magnetic resonance images and clinical features of 12 patients with WE were analysed. The patients underwent MR imaging within 3–14 days after onset of clinical symptoms. In 7 of 12 patients MR imaging showed symmetrical diencephalic and midbrain lesions. Postcontrast T1-weighted images from 5 of 9 patients examined during the initial 6 days of acute WE showed a subtle enhancement of the mamillary bodies, the tectal plate, the periaqueductal area and the periventricular region of the third ventricle including the paramedian thalamic nuclei. In addition, T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images revealed hyperintense signals in these regions (except for 2 patients where the mamillary bodies were normal). Hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images without any enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images were detected in 2 patients by MR imaging performed 11 or 14 days after onset of WE. Patients with hyperintensities on T2-weighted images of the periventricular region of the third ventricle and the paramedian thalamic nuclei had poor recovery from their mental dysfunction. The MR examination in case of WE shows a typical pattern of lesions in 58% of cases. Enhancement of the mamillary bodies, the periventricular region of the third ventricle including the paramedian thalamic nuclei, and the periaqueductal area on postcontrast T1-weighted images can be observed in the initial period after clinical onset of symptoms and are characteristic signs of the acute stage of WE. Hyperintense lesions in the periventricular region and the paramedian thalamic nuclei on T2-weighted and FLAIR images in the subacute stage of WE and enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images of the mamillary bodies and the paramedian thalamic nuclei are indicators of poor prognosis despite vitamin B1 substitution. Electronic Publication     

Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings in five patients

Wernicke encephalopathy is a disease usually related to chronic alcoholism. The clinical diagnosis is often difficult to establish, and CT is unable to provide specific findings. MR follow-up studies in five patients affected by Wernicke encephalopathy were performed with the aim of establishing the sensitivity of MR in depicting the typical diencephalic/mesencephalic lesions. All subjects had MR imaging in the acute phase of the disease and were reexamined 6-12 months later, at which time they were in good health. Three of them also had CT scanning. On MR, hyperintense areas seen surrounding the third ventricle and aqueduct during the acute phase of the disease had disappeared or diminished on follow-up evaluations. The third ventricle and aqueduct were dilated. We suggest that these findings reflect the natural evolution of Wernicke encephalopathy. The MR findings in Wernicke encephalopathy enable early diagnosis of the disease, which has a positive effect on both treatment and prognosis.     

Blood-brain-barrier disruption in acute Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings

The clinical and MR features of an alcoholic woman with Wernicke encephalopathy are reported. During the acute stage Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced MR revealed damage of the blood-brain barrier bilaterally and symmetrically adjacent to the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. The enhancement disappeared after successful thiamine therapy, as demonstrated in a repeat postcontrast MR 1 week later.     

Neuroimaging findings in pediatric Wernicke encephalopathy: a review

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disease resulting from dietary thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. WE is characterized by changes in consciousness, ocular dysfunction, and ataxia. Neuroradiologic findings usually show symmetric signal intensity alterations in the mammillary bodies, medial thalami, tectal plate, and periaqueductal area. Selective involvement of the cranial nerve nuclei, cerebellum, red nuclei, dentate nuclei, fornix, splenium, cerebral cortex, and basal ganglia characterize nonalcoholic WE patients. Furthermore, symmetric basal ganglia alterations with involvement of the putamen have only been observed in children. The incidence of WE is underestimated in both adult and pediatric patients. Interestingly, the frequency of WE in children appears to be similar to that observed in adults. The prognosis of the disease largely depends on the time from diagnosis to thiamine supplementation. The aim of this pediatric literature review is to provide an update on neuroradiologic findings in children affected by WE in an effort to determine pertinent clinical and imaging findings that can improve the detection and early identification of the disease. A thorough knowledge of the MRI findings of WE will assist in arriving at an early diagnosis, thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease in children.     

MRI对Wernicke脑病的临床诊断价值

目的：探讨MRI对Wernicke脑病（wE）的临床诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析16例经临床诊断为WE患者的临床及MRI影像资料。结果：16例患者中表现为意识障碍及精神症状者13例,视力障碍或眼肌麻痹者7例,共济失调者9例;12例患者脑部MRI图像可见第三、四脑室旁、中脑导水管周围、乳头体、四叠体、丘脑等部位不同程度对称性水肿,9例DWI（b=1000s／mm2）图像病灶呈高信号,增强扫描病灶部分区域可强化。4例患者脑部MRI无异常表现。结论：MRI可为Wernicke脑病的临床早期诊治及判断预后提供有效信息,但部分病例MRI可无异常表现,故临床有相关病史且出现类似症状却无异常MR征象时,也应考虑到本病。     

Gadolinium-enhanced MR findings in a pediatric case of Wernicke encephalopathy.

This report describes the postcontrast MR findings of Wernicke encephalopathy seen in a malnourished 11-year-old boy. The examination showed increased signal on T2-weighted images in the periaqueductal gray matter and medial thalami. On T1-weighted acquisition, these areas showed decreased signal intensity, but on postcontrast T1-weighted examination, they showed moderately intense enhancement. Also noted on the postcontrast examination was mamillary body enhancement.     

Proton MR spectroscopy of Wernicke encephalopathy

Two patients with acute thiamine deficiency were examined with thalamic single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy. T2-weighted images exhibited increased signal intensity. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratios were low without detectable lactate. Owing to substantially decreased choline (Cho) T2, the Cho/Cr ratio was not decreased. After thiamine therapy, the NAA/Cr ratio increased, paralleling clinical improvement and reduction in the areas of signal-intensity changes.     

Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings at clinical presentation in twenty-six alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Wernicke encephalopathy is a severe neurologic disorder that results from a dietary vitamin B1 deficiency. It is characterized by changes in consciousness, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. This study was undertaken to analyze and compare findings on MR imaging and neurologic symptoms at clinical presentations of patients with Wernicke encephalopathy with and without a history of alcohol abuse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter study group retrospectively reviewed MR brain imaging findings, clinical histories, and presentations of 26 patients (14 female, 12 male) diagnosed between 1999 and 2006 with Wernicke encephalopathy. The age range was 6-81 years (mean age, 46 .6+/-19 years). RESULTS: Fifty percent of the patients had a history of alcohol abuse, and 50% had no history of alcohol abuse. Eighty percent showed changes in consciousness, 77% had ocular symptoms, and 54% had ataxia. Only 38% of the patients showed the classic triad of the disease at clinical presentation. At MR examination, 85% of the patients showed symmetric lesions in the medial thalami and the periventricular region of the third ventricle, 65% in the periaqueductal area, 58% in the mamillary bodies, 38% in the tectal plate, and 8% in the dorsal medulla. Contrast enhancement of the mamillary bodies was statistically positively correlated with the alcohol abuse group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the usefulness of MR in reaching a prompt diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy to avoid irreversible damage to brain tissue. Contrast enhancement in the mamillary bodies is a typical finding of the disease in the alcoholic population.     

左旋咪唑所致脑病的CT、MRI表现

目的：探讨左旋咪唑所致脑病的CT、MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析临床确诊此病的6例病人的CT,MRI资料,其中5例行钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA)增强扫描,4例在MRI检查前行CT检查。结果：MRI表现：共发现64个病灶,主要位于双侧侧脑室周围及皮层下白质内,呈多发散在分布,大小不等;以不规则斑片（块）状最多（36／64）,其次为（类）圆形或小点状结节灶;病变T1WI多呈不均匀低信号（57／64）,T2WI全部呈高信号,一般无强化;水肿及占位效应轻。液体衰减反转恢复序列（FLAIR）多呈明显高信号。CT表现：2例表现为双侧侧脑室周围白质内多发散在分布的不规则斑片对低密度影;1例表现为双侧豆状核内对称性片状低密度影。另外1例CT表现阴性。结论;CT、MRI对本病的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值;MRI比CT具有更高的敏感性和特异性,能更好地评价其治疗和预后。     

足月新生儿低血糖脑病的MRI表现

目的 探讨足月新生儿低血糖脑病的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析16例低血糖脑病的MR资料,其中男10例,女6例,所有病例均在患者出生后6 d内进行,包括常规T1WI,T2WI和Flair,DWI扫描.其中4例1~3月后再次复查MR.结果 16例首次检查T1异常8例,表现为皮层下白质呈低信号,4例皮层呈高信号.T2异常6例,表现为高信号区.DWI异常12例,表现为对称性高信号区.分布部位:双侧顶枕叶10例,胼胝体压部4例,双额叶1例,双屏状核1例,侧脑室旁白质4例,小脑上脚、脑干腹侧1例.1~3月后复查4例,有2例表现为局限性脑皮层萎缩,胼胝体变细.结论 足月新生儿低血糖脑损伤最易发生顶枕叶后部脑组织,其次胼胝体,小脑亦可受累.DWI上对称性高信号具有一定的特征性.     

MRI findings of eosinophilic myelomeningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis

AIM: To study the imaging characteristics of eosinophilic myelomeningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen MRI examinations of the brain and spinal cord in five patients with angiostrongyliasis cantonensis of the central nervous system were performed. The final diagnosis was based on typical clinical symptoms, results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, and the presence of nematode larvae in the CSF. The sequential MRI follow-up examinations were carried out at a different stage for every patient from 1 to 28 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The features of the lesions in the brain, spinal cord, meninges and nerve roots on MRI were studied, moreover, the development of the lesions was analysed on follow-up MRI. RESULTS: Abnormalities were demonstrated on MRI in all five cases. They included three cases of meningoencephalitis, one case of encephalitis and one myelomeningitis. The locations and appearances of the lesions were as follows: (1) brain involvement in four cases (including cerebrum in four, cerebellum in two and brain stem in three), and spinal cord involvement in one case. These lesions were diffuse or scattered and appeared as similar or slightly reduced signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) and turbo fluid attenuated inversion recovery pulse sequence (FLAIR) images. After administration of gadolinium chelate (Gd-DTPA), multiple round or oval enhancing nodules, with diameters ranging from 3 to 10 mm, were seen on T1WI, a few lesions appeared as stick-shaped enhancement whose longest measurement was 14 mm. Diffuse or local oedema around the lesion could be seen. (2) Meningeal involvement in four cases, a case of ependymal involvement and a case of nerve root involvement were among them. These lesions appeared as linear or nodular enhancement of the leptomeninges and ependyma, as well as nerve root enhancement. (3) There was a mild ventricular enlargement in two cases. On follow-up MRI lesions were most severe from the 5th week to the 8th week and it took at least 4-8 weeks (1-2 months) for a lesion to resolve completely, the resolution of larger lesion needed more than 22 weeks. CONCLUSION: Multiple enhancing nodules in the brain and linear enhancement in the leptomeninges were the main features; stick-shaped enhancement was the characteristic sign of the disease on Gd-DTPA enhanced-T1 weighted images.     

新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI表现

目的 初步探讨新生儿低血糖脑损伤的MRI表现特征及扩散加权成像(DWI)存早期发现低血糖脑损伤中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析12例低血糖新生儿(其中10例诊断为新生儿低血糖脑病)MRI资料,12例患儿于出生后3至10 d内进行了头部MR扫描,包括常规T1 WI、T2、WI 和DWI扫描.其中4例在第一次检杏后7至10 d后再次行MR扫描.结果 12例首次DWI检查中11例出现异常高信号,受累脑区包括双侧枕叶皮层2例、右侧枕叶皮层1例、左侧枕叶皮层及皮层下1例,双侧枕叶皮层及皮层下2例、双侧顶枕叶皮层2例、舣侧顶枕叶皮层及皮层下2例、胼胝体压部4例、双侧放射冠2例、左侧尾状核及苍白球1例、舣侧背侧丘脑1例、双侧内囊后肢1例.12例首次常规T1 WI、T2 WI中,4例T1 WI呈现异常信号,表现为受累部位皮层T1信号减低3例、受累的双枕叶皮层稍短T1信号1例;5例T2 WI见异常信号,均表现为受累部位皮层及皮层下T2信号稍增高且灰白质分界不清.4例复查中,受累枕叶局部白质软化4例,残存枕叶皮层见条状稍高T1信号2例,双侧大脑半球白质呈弥漫性脱髓鞘改变1例,胼胝体压部T2高信号消失1例,胼胝体压部仍见稍高T2信号1例.结论 在新生儿期,可能和低血糖相关的腑拟伤多发生在双侧顶、枕叶后部脑组织.早期的DWI扫描有助于低血糖脑损伤的早期发现和评估.     

腹部手术后伴发Wernicke脑病诊治分析

 目的 探讨腹部手术后伴发Wernicke脑病的临床特点,以早期诊断及治疗,减少误诊误治。方法 回顾解放军309医院肝胆外科2006-09至2017-10收治的10例腹部外科手术伴发Wernicke脑病患者临床资料,总结其临床表现、辅助检查及治疗情况,分析误诊原因。结果 本组10例腹部外科手术后出现吻合口漏、粘连性肠梗阻、腹腔感染等并发症,其中每例患者至少合并1种并发症,治疗要求短时间内不能正常经口进食,病程均在3周以上。临床表现主要有精神异常8例,共济失调6例,眼球震动4例,认知功能减退5例。10例早期全部误诊,后经多科室会诊后确诊,给予大剂量维生素B₁治疗,6例痊愈,由于治疗不及时,3例留下后遗症状,死亡1例。结论 腹部手术后伴发Wernicke脑病症状不典型,应加强对该病的早期诊断及治疗,维生素B₁治疗效果显著。