椎管内神经鞘瘤及脊膜瘤MR表现与病理联系

目地 探讨椎管内神经鞘瘤及脊膜瘤MRI表现特征。方法 回顾性地分析了20例椎管内髓外硬膜下神经鞘瘤和8例脊膜瘤的MR表现和病理对照。结果 椎管内神经鞘瘤T1WI低或等混合信号，T2WI高、或高、低混合信号，增强绝大多数肿瘤周围强化，伴或不伴有肿瘤内分隔，椎管内脊膜瘤T1WI上多为等、低或等、高混合信号。T2WI高或等、高信号，增强后肿瘤强化均匀，病理上，神经鞘瘤和脊膜瘤MRI上不均匀信号区，可以代表囊变或胶原沉积。结论 椎管内髓外硬膜下神经鞘瘤及脊膜瘤地MRI特征，有助于两种椎管肿瘤地鉴别诊断，尤其是伴有瘤内分隔的周围性强化，应提示神经鞘瘤。     

椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的探讨磁共振对椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤的诊断价值以及髓外硬膜外肿瘤的鉴别。方法分析经手术病理证实的10例髓外硬膜下肿瘤的磁共振表现。结果磁共振定位正确率100%。5例神经鞘瘤T1WI呈略高于脊髓信号,增强扫描后肿瘤信号呈中高程度强化,3例见有神经孔扩大,其中1例位于腰骶部椎管内,呈串珠状,2例神经纤维瘤与神经鞘瘤信号相访,2例脊膜瘤T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高或等信号,增强扫描呈明显的异常强化,1例脂肪瘤T1WI及T2WI均呈略高信号,增强扫描后无明显强化。结论根据椎管内髓外硬膜下原发肿瘤的磁共振表现,可准确定位并可推测其病理类型。     

椎管内脊膜瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨椎管内脊膜瘤MRI诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：选择18例经手术病理证实的椎管内脊膜瘤，观察肿瘤形态、边界、MRI信号特征、强化特征及与脊髓、硬膜囊、椎体附件的关系。结果：脊膜瘤好发于女性，发病部位以上中胸段多见、颈段次之，髓外硬膜内脊膜瘤多呈扁丘状或椭圆形，其硬膜面平直，夹角多为钝角，其脊髓面固钝，肿瘤纵径大于横径，可见“硬膜下”征，肿瘤少见囊变及出血信号；髓外硬膜外脊膜瘤多呈“哑铃”状向椎管外侵犯，致椎间孔扩大，患侧蛛网膜下腔变窄。注射Gd—DTPA后可见“硬膜尾”征及肿瘤脊髓面重度强化带。结论：MRI对椎管内脊膜瘤定位准确；而椎管内脊膜瘤具有特征性MRI强化表现，因此，MR检查具有重要的定性诊断价值。     

椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤的MRI分析

目的 探讨椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤的MRI影像学特征.方法 对经手术病理证实的31例椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤患者的临床及MRI影像资料进行回顾性分析.结果 神经鞘瘤14例,其中12例可见不同程度囊变,肿瘤实质呈稍长T1、稍长T2信号,囊变区呈长T1、长T2信号：神经纤维瘤9例,其中4例为多发性,肿瘤实质呈等T1、略长T2信号;脊膜瘤5例呈等T1、长T2信号,增强后明显强化,其中4例可见硬脊膜尾征;脂肪瘤2例,呈短T1、略长或长T2信号,脂肪抑制T1WI信号强度明显降低;成熟性畸胎瘤1例.结论 椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤具有一定的特征性MRI表现,有助于定性诊断.     

椎管内脊膜瘤21例MRI影像学表现

目的:探讨椎管内脊膜瘤的MRI表现及其鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析21例经手术和病理证实的椎管内脊膜瘤的临床和MRI资料。所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果:MRI诊断结果与手术病理诊断结果一致。本组21例均经手术及病理证实,14例发生在胸段脊髓,5例发生于颈段脊髓,2例发生于腰骶椎。肿瘤大小约为2³.5cm,4例有局部钙化。典型的脊膜瘤T1WI显示等信号;T2WI为等或低信号;3例T1WI呈略低信号,T2WI呈较高信号;1例同时伴有脑膜瘤。T1WI增强扫描21例肿瘤均显著均匀增强。结论:椎管内脊膜瘤在MR图像上具有一定的形态及信号特点,T1W1等信号,T2W1低信号,信号均匀,增强后肿块明显强化,对于术前正确诊断具有一定意义。     

脊膜瘤的低场强MRI征象分析

目的探讨低场脊膜瘤的MRI表现,以提高对本病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的脊膜瘤11例的MRI表现,观察肿瘤的形态、部位、边缘、信号特征、邻近的结构关系及其强化特征。结果脊膜瘤好发于胸段髓外硬膜下,边缘清晰,平扫T1WI呈等或略低信号,T2WI呈等或略高信号。增强扫描瘤体均有一定的增强特征,“硬膜尾征”有助于诊断。结论低场MRI对诊断脊膜瘤仍具有重要价值,最后诊断需要依靠病理。     

髓外硬膜下肿瘤MRI诊断和鉴别诊断

目的:分析原发性髓外硬膜下肿瘤MRI表现,以提高其诊断正确率。方法:收集经手术病理证实的原发性髓外硬膜下肿瘤21例,对其MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果:21例中神经鞘瘤9例,有8例囊变,增强呈环状强化,6例呈单环状强化,2例呈多环强化;神经纤维瘤5例均为实性,病灶多发,T2WI像上病灶内见线条状或芒星状低信号,增强后病灶明显强化;脊膜瘤4例为实性,宽基底附着于硬脊膜呈半丘状,增强呈均匀强化并见"脊膜尾征";脂肪瘤2例,具有特征性MRI表现,T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈中等高信号,用脂肪抑制序列病灶为低信号;血管瘤1例,T1WI和T2WI均为高信号,且T2WI中见迂曲紊乱流空。结论:通过MRI各种征象的综合分析,可以对原发性髓外硬膜下肿瘤作出正确的定性诊断。     

椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤MRI诊断与临床病理对照研究

目的：评价MRI对椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断的价值和限度。方法：分析行MRI检查和临床病理证实的髓外硬膜下肿瘤62例，分别观察神经鞘瘤，神经纤维瘤，脊膜瘤，胚胎类肿瘤的发病性别、年龄，部位、大小、向椎间孔延伸情况及信号强度和强化情况。结果：脊膜瘤多见于40岁以上女性胸段椎管内，瘤体较小，极少向椎间孔延伸，在T2WI，T2WI上均为均匀等信号，有明显均匀强化，无囊变坏死，可有脊膜尾征；胚胎类肿瘤发病率低，好发于胸腰段，呈混杂信号；神经鞘瘤以增强扫描环状强化可与神经纤维瘤鉴别。结论：MRI平扫和增强扫描对肿瘤的定位诊断准确可靠，对大部分肿瘤定性诊断准确，为诊断椎管内肿瘤的首选检查方法。     

椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤的MRI诊断与鉴别

目的探讨MRI对椎管内神经源性肿瘤和脊膜瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了20例经手术和病理证实的椎管内髓外硬膜下肿瘤的MRI表现,其中神经鞘瘤10例,神经纤维瘤3例,脊膜瘤7例,采用GE3.0T磁共振仪进行扫描。结果肿瘤的发生部位、与硬膜面的夹角、囊变坏死、强化方式及硬膜尾征在神经源性肿瘤(神经鞘瘤和神经纤维瘤)和脊膜瘤间存在明显差异,两组间进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);神经源性肿瘤与脊膜瘤T1WI信号无明显差异;神经鞘瘤T2WI信号多不均匀;脊膜瘤T2WI多呈等或稍高信号,若发生钙化,则T1WI、T2WI呈低信号改变。结论神经源性肿瘤和脊膜瘤都有特征性MRI表现,MRI是临床诊断和鉴别诊断神经源性肿瘤和脊膜瘤的重要手段。     

椎管内肿瘤的MRI诊断(附28例分析)

目的探讨椎管内肿瘤的MRI表现特点及鉴别诊断.方法回顾性分析28例经病理证实的椎管内肿瘤的MRI表现.结果髓内肿瘤14例,其中室管膜瘤6例,肿瘤边界清楚,增强后明显强化.星形细胞瘤8例,肿瘤边界不清,囊变多见,强化较轻.髓外肿瘤14例,其中神经源性肿瘤5例,肿瘤边界清楚,可呈哑铃状生长,呈明显环状或均匀强化.脊膜瘤2例,肿瘤边界清楚,T2WI信号偏低,呈明显均匀强化,可见硬脊膜"尾巴征".脂肪瘤1例,呈特征性短T1稍长T2信号,STIR序列上呈低信号.转移瘤4例,2例伴随椎体及附件骨质长T1长T2信号,2例表现为椎管内多发小结节状病灶,呈明显均匀强化.淋巴瘤(NHL)1例,表现为环绕硬膜囊生长,有明显强化.脊索瘤1例,为骶段自椎骨向椎管内生长,破坏的骶骨呈长T1长T2信号.结论MRI结合Gd-DTPA增强扫描,对椎管内肿瘤的定位及定性诊断具有重要价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.