焦虑症与恐惧症的人格和临床特征的比较

目的探讨焦虑症和恐惧症的人格及临床特征的差异。方法研究对象为符合CCMD-3及DSM-IV的焦虑症(广泛性焦虑和惊恐障碍)和恐惧症(社交恐惧症和惊恐障碍伴广场恐怖),共74例。采用明尼苏达多相人格测定问卷(MMPI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其人格特点和症状特征进行测评,并进行组间比较。结果①社交恐惧症组的MMPI精神分裂症和社会内向分显著高于广泛性焦虑、惊恐障碍和惊恐障碍伴广场恐怖组,②社交恐惧症组的SCL90强迫分和人际关系分、偏执分显著高于广泛性焦虑、惊恐障碍和惊恐障碍伴广场恐怖组,其焦虑分和总分显著高于广泛性焦虑组;广泛性焦虑组的恐怖分显著低于惊恐障碍和惊恐障碍伴广场恐怖组。结论①广泛性焦虑、惊恐障碍和惊恐障碍伴广场恐怖有着共同的人格基础,而与社交恐惧症有所不同;②社交恐惧症的症状评分最高,而广泛性焦虑症状评分最低。     

焦虑障碍指南学习班暨焦虑障碍诊治学术会议征文通知

焦虑障碍是一组常见病、慢性病,包括广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、社交恐惧症、强迫症和创伤后应激障碍。根据中国四省流行病学资料,焦虑障碍的月患病率5.6%（5.0%～6.3%）。但是,焦虑障碍在我国目前的识别率和治疗率还很低,约93.9%的患者从不看医生,3.2%患者找过非专科医生,只有2.9%患者看过专科医生。     

焦虑障碍指南学习班暨焦虑障碍诊治学术会议征文通知

各有关医疗单位及其代表：焦虑障碍是一组常见病、慢性病,包括广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、社交恐惧症、强迫症和创伤后应激障碍。根据中国四省流行病学资料,焦虑障碍的月患病率5.6%（5.0%-6.3%）。但是,焦虑障碍在我国目前的识别率和治疗率还很低,约93.9%的患者从不看医生,3.2%患者找过非专科医生,只有2.9%患者看过专科医生。     

焦虑障碍学习班暨第四届全国焦虑障碍学术会议征文通知

各有关医疗单位及其代表：焦虑障碍是一组常见病、慢性病,包括广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、社交恐惧症、强迫症和创伤后应激障碍。根据中国四省流行病学资料,焦虑障碍的月患病率5.6%（5.0%-6.3%）。但是,焦虑障碍在我国目前的识别率和治疗率还很低,约93.9%的患者从不看医生,3.2%患者找过非专科医生,只有2.9%患者看过专科医生。     

抑郁与焦虑共病障碍临床研究

目的:调查抑郁与焦虑共病障碍的发生率,探讨其特点及预后.方法:对150例抑郁障碍患者用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定,3个月后进行随访.结果:45.3%的抑郁障碍患者共病焦虑障碍,共病以广泛焦虑障碍与惊恐障碍为最多(分别为22.0%、13.3%);入组时及3个月末,共病组HAMD、HAMA、CGI及SDSS总分均显著高于抑郁组(P＜0.05),3个月末共病组HAMA减分率显著低于抑郁组(P＜0.05),HAMD减分率两组差异无显著性.结论:抑郁与焦虑共病障碍发生率高,具有抑郁及焦虑症状重、社会功能损害重,焦虑症状不易缓解等特征.     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的治疗

焦虑障碍包括广泛性焦虑障碍 (GAD) ,惊恐障碍 ,强迫症 (OCD) ,社交恐怖 ,混合性焦虑抑郁障碍 (MAD)和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)。其中 MAD在 ICD- 1 0中的定义是 :患者多见于初级保健机构 ,有一定程度的焦虑和抑郁症状 ,并伴有植物神经症状 ,但又不符合特定的焦虑症或抑郁症诊断标准 ,也应与应激性生活事件无关[1] 。焦虑和抑郁障碍在诊断标准中是相互独立的疾病实体 ,但通常在同一个体共存。当两组症状分别考虑时 ,足以符合相应的诊断标准 ,这种情况称为焦虑、抑郁障碍共病。这种共病在初级保健人群中的患病率达 1 9% ,与单一焦虑或…     

焦虑障碍指南学习班暨焦虑障碍诊治学术会议征文通知

焦虑障碍是一组常见病、慢性病,包括广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、社交恐惧症、强迫症和创伤后应激障碍。根据中国四省流行病学资料,焦虑障碍的月患病率5.6%（5.0%～6.3%）。但是,焦虑障碍在我国目前的识别率和治疗率还很低,     

测血压恐惧症一例北大核心CSCD

特定恐惧症是恐惧性焦虑障碍的一种亚型,指除场所恐惧和社交恐惧以外,针对特定情境或客体的恐惧并采取相应的回避行为。本文报道患者在征兵体检时被告知血压增高作为一种心理应激,因面临身体不合格而不能入伍的风险表现出焦虑恐惧反应,把测量血压与恐惧反应建立了条件性反应关系,以后多年回避测量血压,给患者带来了苦恼,符合了特定恐惧症的诊断。特定恐惧症的治疗主要是心理治疗,特别是暴露治疗或包括暴露技术的认知行为治疗。     

焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍患者的睡眠质量及与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性

目的 探讨焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍患者的睡眠质量及与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性.方法 选取2020年8月至2021年8月在深圳市康宁医院焦虑障碍科住院治疗的70例广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、抑郁障碍患者,其中抑郁障碍组33例,焦虑障碍组37例.比较两组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数...     

多发性硬化患者情感障碍研究

目的 初步探讨多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)患者情感障碍的发生频率、特点和发生机制,以及情感障碍对MS患者生活质量的影响.方法 选取37例复发-缓解型MS患者,并均经脑MRI、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床功能障碍评分(EDSS)、生活质量评价[包括基本生活能力(ADL)和操作性生活能力(IADL)]检查.分析MS患者情感障碍发生情况及其与其他临床表现的相关关系,以及各因素对情感障碍的影响.结果 所有MS患者发生抑郁占43.2%(16/37),焦虑占37.8%(14/37),抑郁伴焦虑占35.1%(13/37).患者中有、无抑郁组间比较临床表现差异无统计学意义,焦虑组EDSS和IADL评分高于无焦虑组(P＜0.05),低收入者焦虑发生率较高(P＜0.05).抑郁和焦虑与EDSS、ADL及IADL得分呈正相关,经回归分析发现EDSS评分对抑郁、焦虑的影响有统计学意义.糖皮质激素治疗对患者情感无显著影响.结论 情感障碍对MS患者日常生活功能造成不利影响,在某种程度上可能较运动或感觉障碍更影响患者的工作和社会牛活能力.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -