氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于食管癌术后静脉自控镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯用于食管癌术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的效果和安全性.方法 ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级食管癌根治术患者60例,随机均分为三组,术后PCIA芬太尼1.0 mg、氟哌利多2.5mg组(A组);术后PCIA芬太尼0.5 mg、氟比洛芬酯100 mg、氟哌利多2.5 mg组(B组);麻醉前静注氟比洛芬酯50 mg,术后PCIA芬太尼0.5 mg、氟比洛芬酯50 mg、氟哌利多2.5 mg组(C组),镇痛药均用生理盐水稀释至100 ml.记录术后1、2、4、8、12、24,36、48 h的镇痛评分(VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分、PCIA按压次数及不良反应.结果 术后PCIA按压次数与各时点的VAS三组间差异均无统计学意义.B、C组Ramsay镇静评分及恶心、呕吐发生率低于A组(P＜0.05).结论 氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于食管癌根治术术后静脉自控镇痛的效果良好,且能减少芬太尼用量,同时降低不良反应的发生.     

氟比洛芬酯用于术后自控静脉镇痛

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯用于术后患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的镇痛强度、镇静效果及不良反应.方法 48例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期手术患者,术后使用一次性微量镇痛泵,随机均分为四组：Ⅰ组镇痛液100 ml中加芬太尼1 mg;Ⅱ组术前静注氟比洛酚酯50 mg,余同Ⅰ组;Ⅲ组术前静注氟比洛酚酯50 mg,镇痛液100 ml中含芬太尼0.5 mg和氟比洛酚酯100 mg;Ⅳ组同Ⅲ组,但镇痛液中加氟比洛酚酯150 mg.记录各组疼痛评分、痛阈以及生命体征的变化,比较镇痛满意度、镇痛泵按压次数和不良反应的出现情况.结果 各组患者镇痛期间不同时点的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）差异无统计学意义,术后镇痛期间生命体征较术前均无明显变化.各组患者的镇痛满意度差异无统计学意义,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组镇痛泵按压次数明显少于工、Ⅱ组（P＜0.01）.各组恶心呕吐以及嗜睡情况没有明显区别,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组出现头晕明显多于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（P＜0.05）.结论 氟比洛芬酯用于PCIA效果确切,且头晕等不良反应发生率低.     

氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼用于开胸术后静脉镇痛的研究

目的比较开胸术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)中氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼与单纯芬太尼的镇痛效果与不良反应。方法选择开胸手术术后行PCIA患者60例,随机均分为两组。芬太尼组术后镇痛给予芬太尼1·25mg 昂丹司琼8mg/100ml;氟芬组关胸前给予氟比洛芬酯50mg,术后镇痛给予芬太尼0·5mg 氟比洛芬酯200mg 昂丹司琼8mg/100ml。两组PCIA泵的设置,维持量2ml/h,单次负荷剂量0·5ml,锁定时间15min。观察两组术后24、48h的镇痛、镇静评分和不良反应发生率,并于镇痛治疗前后采用Sonoclot凝血与血小板功能分析仪评定两组患者的凝血功能。结果两组术后镇痛及镇静评分差异无显著意义。氟芬组药物不良反应发生率低于芬太尼组。两组间镇痛治疗后凝血功能变化差异无显著意义。结论氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼用于开胸术后PCIA的镇痛效果与单纯芬太尼相似,但不良反应明显降低,对凝血与血小板功能无明显影响。     

氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于隆胸术后自控镇痛

<正>隆胸手术是现代女性对生活品质更完美的追求,术后创伤大,疼痛剧烈,给患者造成巨大不适感。完善的术后镇痛治疗可以减轻患者的痛苦,有助于术后恢复。本研究通过观察两种药物静脉自控镇痛的效果与不良反应,积极探索安全有效的术后镇痛方法。     

氟比洛芬酯对病人自控静脉镇痛后痛觉增敏的影响

目的:探讨病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)后氟比洛纷酯预防痛觉增敏发生的作用.方法:选择下肢手术全身麻醉患者80例,分为2组,Ⅰ组手术结束前30 min静脉注射芬太尼0.1 mg,Ⅱ组手术结束前30 min静脉注射0.1 mg芬太尼复合氟比洛纷酯50 mg;观察患者的镇痛效果以及PCIA撤退后痛觉增敏发生率.结果:PCIA后1 h、3 h、5 h、12 hⅡ组痛觉增敏发生率较Ⅰ组均低(P<0.05).结论:PCIA后可诱发痛觉增敏,氟比洛纷酯具有良好的术后镇痛作用,并能有效预防PCIA后痛觉增敏的发生.     

氟比洛芬酯术后镇痛对血浆皮质醇、白细胞介素10和肿瘤坏死因子α的影响

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯用于髋关节置换术后患者静脉自控镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)的临床效果及其对机体血浆皮质醇(cortisol,Cor)、白细胞介素10(interleukin 10,IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)的影响.方法 选择40例单侧髋关节置换术患者,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,按抽签方法随机分为两组,每组20例,Ⅰ组为枸橼酸芬太尼1.2mg/24ml+0.9%生理盐水76ml,负荷量为枸橼酸芬太尼0.001 mg/kg;Ⅱ组为氟比洛芬酯300mg/30ml+0.9%生理盐水70 ml,负荷量为氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg.分别于麻醉前(T1)、术后第4 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、36 h(T4)和48 h(T5)5个时点抽取静脉血测定血浆Cor、IL-10和TNF-α浓度,于术后4、24、36、48 h用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scales,VAS)行静止和活动评分,均由同一麻醉医生在不知道到具体镇痛方式情况下进行.结果 术后各时点VAS评分两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但Ⅰ组尿潴留、恶心和呕吐发生率40%高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.01).两组在T2时血浆Cor值(275±28.6)μg/I和(276±30.5)μg/L均升高,与T1(203.5±22.3)μg/L和(192.3±21.3)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅰ组在T3时血浆Cor水平(256±28.3)μg/L仍明显高于T1值(203.5±22.3)μg/L(P<0.05),在T3(256±28.3)μg/L和T4(235±23.3)μg/L时均高于Ⅱ组水平(176±22.3)μg/L和(172±20.5)μg/L(P＜0.05);两组T3(60.23±3.65)ng/L和(62.35±5.02)ng/L和T4(60.12±3.31)ng/L和(61.34±4.23)ng/L时血浆IL-10水平均高于T1值(55.32±2.61)ng/L和(55.65±2.53)ng/L(P<0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Ⅱ组在T3、T4和T5时血浆TNF-α浓度(52.56±4.31 ng/L,58.42±5.64 ng/L和59.53±6.02ng/L)均比T1(43.31±1.52)ng/L明显升高(P＜0.01),同时明显高于Ⅰ组(45.12±2.32)ng/L,(42.23±2.21)ng/L和(42.52±2.35)ng/L(P＜0.01).结论 髋关节置换术患者术后行PCIA,氟比洛芬酯与芬太尼的镇痛效果相似,副作用明显减少,且在一定程度上改善机体免疫力.     

氟比洛芬酯复合小剂量芬太尼用于胃肠外科患者术后静脉自控镇痛的临床观察

目的:评估氟比洛芬酯复合小剂量芬太尼在胃肠手术后患者静脉自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)中的效果和安全性.方法:90例择期行胃肠外科手术患者,均采用静脉吸入复合麻醉,术后行PCIA,并根据不同的用药方法随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组30例.A组:芬太尼1.0mg+生理盐水至100 mL;B组:氟比洛芬酯100 mg+芬太尼1.0 mg+生理盐水至100 mL;C组:氟比洛芬酯1 00 mg+芬太尼0.5 mg+生理盐水至1 00 mL. PCIA工作方式采用持续背景剂量(2 mL/h)配合单次按压剂量(0.5 mL/次),锁定时间为1 5 min.分别采用视觉模拟(visual analogue scales,VAS)评分评估24 h内的镇痛效果,记录24 h内PICA按压次数,恶心、呕吐等不良反应的发生情况.结果:患者均获得较好的镇痛效果.3组VAS评分及按压次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访观察A组和B组恶心、呕吐、嗜睡等不良反应发生率明显高于C组(P<0.05);镇痛期间A组2例发生呼吸抑制,3组均未发生异常出血等并发症.结论:相对于单独应用芬太尼,氟比洛芬酯复合小剂量芬太尼应用于胃肠外科术后静脉镇痛效果相同,但能够有效减少芬太尼的用量,降低不良反应的发生率.     

氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于胸科手术后镇痛

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛及复合芬太尼用于胸科手术后的镇痛效果.方法 择期行食管癌或贲门癌手术患者75例,随机均分为A、B、C三组.A组于手术结束前30 min静脉给予氟比洛芬酯100 mg,B组于手术开始时及手术结束前30 min静脉分别给予氟比洛芬酯50 mg,两组PCIA配方均为氟比洛芬酯150 mg加芬太尼0.5～0.6 mg;C组于手术结束前30 min静脉给予氟比洛芬酯100 mg,PCIA配方为芬太尼0.8～1.0 mg.记录术后0、4、8、24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、镇静评分及不良反应,记录术后24 h PCIA按压次数及芬太尼使用量.结果 三组患者术后各时点SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、安静和活动时的VAS评分、镇静评分、术后24 h PCIA按压次数差异均无统计学意义.A、B组术后24 h芬太尼用量明显少于C组(P<0.01).A、B组术后24 h出现恶心、呕吐、嗜睡的患者例数少于C组(P<0.01).结论 氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于胸科手术后PCIA镇痛效果好,能减少术后芬太尼的用量,降低芬太尼所致不良反应的发生率.     

氟比洛芬酯复合枸橼酸芬太尼对隆乳术后镇痛效果的评估

目的研究比较使用氟比洛芬酯复合枸橼酸芬太尼和单纯使用枸橼酸芬太尼，对隆乳术后患者静脉内自控镇痛（PCIA）的疗效。方法隆乳手术患者60例，随机分为氟比洛芬酯复合枸橼酸芬太尼组（FA组）和单纯使用枸橼酸芬太尼（FEN）组，每组30例。观察疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、PCA按压次数、芬太尼用量、Ramsay镇静评分、恶心呕吐评分、生命体征、不良反应等指标。结果与FEN组比较，FA组患者生命体征较平稳，不良反应减少；FEN组镇痛VAS低于FA组（P〈0．051。结论氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于隆乳术后镇痛能提高PCIA镇痛效果和安全性。     

氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于口腔颌面外科术后静脉镇痛的研究

颅颌面神经纤维非常丰富,口腔颌面手术术后疼痛剧烈.阿片类药物(如芬太尼)用于患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)是治疗术后疼痛的最有效的方法,但是大剂量应用时副作用较多,口腔颌面外科手术患者尤为明显.     

Efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled and continuous infusion epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids: a meta-analysis

The authors performed a meta-analysis and found that epidural analgesia overall provided superior postoperative analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. For all types of surgery and pain assessments, all forms of epidural analgesia (both continuous epidural infusion and patient-controlled epidural analgesia) provided significantly superior postoperative analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, with the exception of hydrophilic opioid-only epidural regimens. Continuous epidural infusion provided statistically significantly superior analgesia versus patient-controlled epidural analgesia for overall pain, pain at rest, and pain with activity; however, patients receiving continuous epidural infusion had a significantly higher incidence of nausea-vomiting and motor block but lower incidence of pruritus. In summary, almost without exception, epidural analgesia, regardless of analgesic agent, epidural regimen, and type and time of pain assessment, provided superior postoperative analgesia compared to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia.     

布托啡诺与芬太尼联合用于术后病人自控静脉镇痛

目的比较布托啡诺、芬太尼、布托啡诺联合芬太尼用于术后病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的临床效果。方法90例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级的腹部或下肢手术的全麻病人,随机均分为布托啡诺组(B组)、芬太尼组(F组)、布托啡诺联合芬太尼组(BF组),术毕按三种方案实行PCIA。在PCIA开始后4、8、12、24、48h观察并记录镇痛、镇静效果、病人自控镇痛(PCA)给药次数、监测数据及不良反应情况。结果三组PCIA方案均能达到良好的镇痛和镇静目的,但12h内B组的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)高于F和BF组(P<0.01),4h内F组、4~8h之间B组需要更多的PCA给药次数。BF组不仅镇痛、镇静效果满意,恶心、呕吐和头晕的发生率也较低。结论布托啡诺与芬太尼联合应用是一种较理想的术后镇痛方法。     

Retrospective evaluation of intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia during labor

Purpose  

Because the safety of intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia (iv-PCA) administered during labor remains unclear, we retrospectively examined the labor records from January 2005 to December 2007 in our institution, with a focus on both maternal and neonatal outcomes, as compared to no analgesia.     

Comparison of continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion plus either continuous epidural infusion or patient-controlled epidural injection of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia.

We compared the postoperative epidural analgesia provided by the continuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine supplemented with patient-controlled injection (PCA) of epidural fentanyl with that provided by a continuous infusion of bupivacaine supplemented with a continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl. Our patient population comprised 16 ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing laparotomy with a midline incision under general anesthesia combined with bupivacaine epidural analgesia. Post-operatively, a continuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine (0.1 mg.kg-1.h-1) was combined with epidural fentanyl given by either (a) PCA (15-micrograms bolus with a lockout interval of 12 min, n = 8) or (b) continuous infusion (1 microgram.kg-1.h-1, n = 8). In the case of inadequate pain relief in the latter group, the fentanyl infusion rate was increased by 10 micrograms/h. Analgesia evaluated by a visual analogue pain score and by a verbal pain score was similarly effective in both groups. The sedation score was also similar in both groups. The total dose of epidural fentanyl administered during the first 24 h was significantly lower in the PCA group than in the continuous infusion group (405 +/- 110 micrograms vs 1600 +/- 245 micrograms, P less than 0.001). The dose of fentanyl given during each 4-h interval ranged between 40 and 160 micrograms in the PCA group and 251 and 292 micrograms in the continuous infusion group. Clinically detectable respiratory depression was not observed in either group. In conclusion, epidural administration of 0.1 mg.kg-1.h-1 bupivacaine combined with fentanyl provides effective postoperative analgesia with a total dose of fentanyl required that is lower when fentanyl is administered by epidural PCA rather than by continuous epidural infusion.     

Postoperative hypoxaemia: continuous extradural infusion of bupivacaine and morphine vs patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous morphine

We carried out a randomized prospective study in 60 patients who had undergone major abdominal surgery for cancer. For postoperative pain control, 30 patients received continuous extradural infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine 12.5 mg h-1 and morphine 0.25 mg h-1 (EXI group) and 30 received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous morphine (1 mg bolus, 5-min lock-out and maximum dose 20 mg 4h-1). Both groups had general anaesthesia. The two groups were compared for postoperative pain scores, satisfaction, sedation and oxygen saturation. Oxygen saturation was recorded continuously the night before surgery and for two consecutive postoperative nights. Episodes of moderate desaturation (90% > SpO2 85%) were more frequent in the EXI group than in the PCA group (P < 0.05). Pain scores were lower in the EXI group compared with the PCA group at rest and while coughing (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found for patient sedation and satisfaction.      

氟比洛芬酯对食管癌根治术后芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛时细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨氟比洛芬酯对食管癌根治术后芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)时细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 择期行食管癌根治术的病人45例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40～64岁,体重50～80 kg,随机分为3组(n=15),Ⅰ组:PCLA药物为芬太尼20μg/kg;Ⅱ组:PCIA药物为芬太尼10μg/kg+氟比洛芬酯2 mg/kg;Ⅲ组:氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg静脉超前镇痛联合PCIA芬太尼10 μg/kg+氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg.手术结束前10 min时静脉注射芬太尼0.05 mg并连接PCIA泵,3组PCLA泵中均加入氟哌利多2.5 mg,用生理盐水稀释为100 ml,输注速率2 ml/h,PCA剂量0.5 ml,锁定时间5 min.分别于术前30 min(T_0)、术后1、24、72 h(T1～3)时测定血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和皮质醇(Cor)的浓度,采用流式细胞仪测定淋巴细胞CD3~+,CD4~+、CD8~+水平,计算CD4~+/ED8~+.记录术后48 h内有效按压次数.结果 Ⅲ组有效按压次数少于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05).与T0时比较,各组术后血浆NE、ACTH和Cor的浓度均升高,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,T1时、Ⅲ组T1,3时淋巴细胞CD3~+水平降低,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组淋巴细胞CD4~+水平和CD4+/CD8~+均降低(P<0.05),淋巴细胞CD8~+水平差异无统计学意义,Ⅲ组淋巴细胞CD4~+、CD8~+水平和CD4~+/CD8~+差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术后血浆ACTH浓度降低,淋巴细胞CD3~+水平升高,Ⅲ组术后血浆NE、ACTH和Cor浓度降低,T1,3时淋巴细胞CD3~+水平升高,T1,2时淋巴细胞CD4~+水平和CD4~+/CD8~+升高(P<0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组术后血浆NE浓度降低,淋巴细胞CD4~+水平和CD4+/CD8~+升高(P<0.05).结论 氟比洛芬酯既可降低芬太尼PCIA用量,又可抑制术后应激反应,从而改善食管癌根治术后病人细胞免疫功能,且术前和术后联合应用氟比洛芬酯的效果更好.     

罗哌卡因硬膜外持续输注下氯诺昔康PCIA的临床效应

目的 研究硬膜外持续输注罗哌卡因期间氯诺昔康静脉PCA的临床效应和不良反应,并以吗啡对照比较。方法 选择60例(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ)妇科经腹子宫全切手术病人,随机分为L组与M组,双盲观察,均采用双泵行PCA治疗。其PCA设置为Bolus 1ml/次,锁定时间为5min,1h限量12ml。镇痛效果和副作用评定:(1)采用视觉模拟评分(VAS),0为无痛、10为剧痛。(2)BCS舒适评分。(3)病人对PCA总体印象评分。(4)记录可能出现的并发症和不良反应。结果 两组病人的一般情况相似,24h硬膜外罗哌卡因使用剂量均为192mg,L组与M组未按压PCA泵的病人各为5例(21.7％),静脉PCA用药剂量分别为(3.4±2.8)mg(L组)和(4.7±3.5)mg(M组),两药用量比值为1:1.4(P>0.05);相同时间段内两组间VAS、BCS、Bromage评分及D1/D2比值均无统计学差异。结论0.2％罗哌卡因硬膜外持续输注(4ml/h)能明显减少静脉PCA用量,新型非甾体类抗炎药氯诺昔康与吗啡静脉用药效价相似,但氯诺昔康对病人恶心呕吐的不良反应具有明显减少的优点。     

Comparison of patient-controlled and nurse-administered analgesia using intravenous fentanyl during labor

Preliminary observations have shown that fentanyl citrate, a potent narcotic, is helpful during labor without undue side effects. This randomized prospective investigation compared the patient-controlled administration of fentanyl with that of administration by nurses on request. Eighty healthy women beginning active labor (cervical dilation 4 cm) at term were assigned to receive fentanyl intravenously by either patient-controlled administration (n=37) or nurse administration on demand (n=43). Pain intensity measurements during early and late labor revealed the degree of analgesia to be the same in both groups. The delay in setting up the infusion system and the short time between requesting analgesia and vaginal delivery were limitations with self-administration. Maternal oversedation and vomiting did not occur. Neonatal naloxone therapy was used infrequently, umbilical serum levels of fentanyl were the same in both groups, and postnatal neuroadaptive testing revealed comparable results in both groups. Despite the usefulness of fentanyl during labor, administration by the patient had no advantages over administration by the nurses in significantly reducing drug use, improving pain relief, or avoiding drowsiness.     

吗啡、芬太尼、曲马多术后镇痛对病人白细胞介素-2的影响

目的 观察吗啡、芬太尼、曲马多用于术后病人静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)时对血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)分泌的影响。方法 150例择期行上腹部手术的病人，随机分成三组：M组(吗啡组)；F组(芬太尼组)；T组(曲马多组)。分别于麻醉前、术后1、3、24h采血，应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清IL-2水平。结果 与麻醉前比较，M组病人术后各时点血清IL-2水平明显降低(P＜0．05)，F组在各时点明显升高(P＜0．05)，T组术后1h与麻醉前比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)，术后3h明显升高(P＜0．05)，术后24h达到更高水平(P＜0．01)。结论 吗啡、芬太尼、曲马多均可有效减轻术后疼痛。与吗啡抑制IL-2分泌相反，芬太尼和曲马多可明显增强上腹部手术病人术后IL-2的分泌。