超临界流体萃取川芎挥发油及其成分分析

建立超临界流体萃取技术（Supercritical fluid extraction,SFE)提取川芎根茎挥发油的方法，并采用气相色谱－质谱法（GC／MS），对所得挥发油进行化学成分分离和鉴定，通过标准图谱对照确定化合物名称，鉴定了44种成分，同时采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取川芎根茎挥发油，比较得油率，考察超临界流体萃取技术的萃取效率，SFE和水蒸汽蒸馏法的得油率分别为4．16％和0．8％，结果表明SFE比水蒸汽蒸馏法萃取效率高，操作简单，省时快速，对热不稳定性物质尤为适用，是提取，研究中药化学成分的有效方法。     

Use of advanced techniques for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Tunisian olive leaves: Phenolic composition and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells

A comparison among different advanced extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), together with traditional solid–liquid extraction, was performed to test their efficiency towards the extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of six Tunisian olive varieties. Extractions were carried out at the best selected conditions for each technique; the obtained extracts were chemically characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS²). As expected, higher extraction yields were obtained for PLE while phenolic profiles were mainly influenced by the solvent used as optimum in the different extraction methods. A larger number of phenolic compounds, mostly of a polar character, were found in the extracts obtained by using MAE. Best extraction yields do not correlate with highest cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells, indicating that cytotoxicity is highly dependent on the presence of certain compounds in the extracts, although not exclusively on a single compound. Therefore, a multifactorial behavior is proposed for the anticancer activity of olive leaf compounds.     

超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏法对火麻仁挥发油提取的比较

目的对不同的提取方法提取火麻仁的挥发油化学成分进行比较研究。方法用超临界CO2萃取法（SFKCO2）和水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）对火麻仁的挥发油进行提取，并运用GC-MS法分析了2种提取物中的挥发油化学成分。结果共鉴定出45个成分，SFKCO2法被鉴定的成分有43个，水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油被鉴定成分有36个，两者共有成分34个。结论2种方法得到的火麻仁挥发油的主要成分基本一致。     

GC—MS法对中药复方酸枣仁汤及其主要单味药超临界流体萃取物的成分分析

目的:研究中药复方酸枣仁汤及其主要单味药超临界流体萃取物化学成分的差异。方法:采用超临界流体萃取技术和传统水蒸气蒸馏法制备供试品溶液,运用 GC-MS 法对复方及其主要单味药的超临界流体萃取物和水蒸气蒸馏物进行化学成分分析。结果:共鉴定出37个化合物,其中2,4-癸二烯醛、棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈酸乙酯为首次从酸枣仁油中发现;4-甲基-3-环戊烯-1醇、安息油、4-羟基-3-甲氧基安息香醛、1,2,3,4-四氢萘烯、4-甲基苯酚、3-甲基-7-甲氧基苯并吡喃、4-甲氧基苊烯、4,5-二甲氧基苯环丁烯醇8个化合物为首次从川芎油中发现。结论:复方酸枣仁汤与其主要单味药超临界流体萃取物的化学成分存在一定差异,研究结果为探讨复方共提和单味药分提的化学成分变化规律提供了一定的依据。     

Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian medicinal plants

Pure compounds were isolated from plant extracts with antimalarial activity. The extracts were obtained from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild) Waterm. (Rutaceae), and the rootbark of Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster (Euphorbiaceae). The most active compounds included (IC50 within brackets): alpha-cyperone (1) (5.5 micrograms/ml), N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (2) (5.4 micrograms/ml), and securinine (3) (5.4 micrograms/ml). A mixture of autoxidation products of beta-selinene was found to be the most active antimalarial substances obtained from C. rotundus (5.6 micrograms/ml.     

超临界CO_2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏法提取太子参挥发油化学成分气质联用研究

目的:分析比较采用超临界CO2流体萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的太子参提取物中挥发性化学成分的异同。方法:使用水蒸馏提取法和超临界CO2萃取技术从太子参中提取挥发性成分,用归一化法测定其百分含量。用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)计算机联用技术分离鉴定其中的化学组成。结果:太子参超临界CO2流体萃取物中初步鉴定了33种成分,主要成分为:亚油酸乙酯(28.70%)、n-十六酸(23.12%)、3-糠醇(5.51%)等;水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油初步鉴定了17种成分,主要成分为2-丙基呋喃(22.45%)、3-糠醇(19.78%)、3-乙基-3-甲基戊烷(19.47%)。结论:2种方法提取的挥发油化学成分差异较大,超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油能更真实、全面地反映太子参药材中的化学成分。     

香附化学成分及药理作用研究进展

本文从香附化学成分、提取工艺、药理作用和临床应用等方面对其近年国内外研究状况进行综述。香附的化学成分主要有挥发油、黄酮类等成分,具有抗炎、降血糖、抗血小板和抗过敏反应等作用。本综述旨在为香附的进一步开发利用提供一些参考。     

广陈皮的超临界流体萃取和水蒸气蒸馏挥发油的比较分析

目的:比较两种不同提取方法所得的广陈皮挥发油的挥发性化学成分。方法:分别采用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏(SD)的方法提取广陈皮的挥发油。运用气相色谱-质谱联用法分离和分析两挥发油的挥发性化学成分,主要成分棕榈酸和D-柠檬烯采用标准品的峰面积增大法进一步确认。结果:从广陈皮SFE和SD挥发油中共鉴定出22个成分,占色谱总流出峰面积的97%以上,两者的提取率分别为5.05%和0.46%。SFE挥发油的主要成分为挥发性较弱、相对分子量较大的棕榈酸,SD挥发油的主要成分为挥发性较强、相对分子量较小的D-柠檬烯。此外,SFE和SD挥发油中均有含量不低的2-甲胺基-苯甲酸甲酯。结论:采用两种方法提取广陈皮所得挥发油的挥发性成分不尽相同,且SFE法的提取率高于SD法;两种方法均能将广陈皮的特征性成分2-甲胺基-苯甲酸甲酯提取出来。     

超临界CO2提取的百合挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的 研究百合挥发油化学成分。方法 采用超临界CO₂提取方法,GC-MS联用技术鉴定百合挥发油成分,并用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果 超临界CO₂流体萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定出50种成分,占挥发油总成分的72.96%。结论 超临界提取百合挥发油成分多、效率高,与水蒸气蒸馏提取出的挥发油成分有差异。     

Qualitation of Chuanxiong Rhizome essential oil and determination of 3-butylidenephthalide and ligustilide by GC-MS

Chuanxiong Rhizoma (rhizomes of Ligusticumchuanxiong Hort) is a classical Chinese medicine, and it is usually used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The essential oil is the main active constituent of Chuanxiong. In this study, a GC-MS quantitative method based on the SIM scanning mode and batch processing analysis was established, and the total contents of 3-butylidenephthalide and ligustilide were used as the indicators to optimize three extraction methods, including hydro-distillation extraction (HDE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Then the volatile oil obtained by three extraction methods was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the volatile oil obtained by the UAE had the highest contents of 3-butylidenephthalide and ligustilide, the volatile oil extracted by HDE had the most types of chemical components, and the SFE volatile oil had the highest oil yield.     

A comparative study of supercritical fluid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction of lipophilic compounds from lignocellulosic biomass

The Box-Behnken experimental design technique investigated a comparative study of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of lipophilic compounds from pinewood sawdust. A response surface methodology was used to examine the effect of independent parameters and optimize the extraction yield of lipophilic compounds. The results showed that the increase in extraction temperature used for ASE positively influenced the yield of lipophilic compounds, whereas an increase in the flow rate of the cosolvent at temperature 50 °C, and pressure of 300 bar increased the yield achieved by SFE. The experimental data's quadratic polynomial models gave a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.87 and 0.80 for ASE and SFE, respectively. The optimum conditions of ASE were temperature (160 °C), static time (12.5 mins), and static cycle (1), which resulted in a maximum yield of 4.2%. The optimum SFE conditions were temperature (50 °C), pressure (300 bar), carbon dioxide (CO₂) flow rate (3.2 ml/min), and a 2 ml/min cosolvent flow rate that yielded 2.5% lipophilic compounds. ASE yielded higher extraction efficiency than SFE. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal analyses TGA/DSC evaluated the ultimate analyses of the lipophilic extracts. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of aliphatic groups, hydroxyl groups, and carboxyl groups. The thermal analysis showed that the degradation temperature of the lipophilic compounds occurred between 250 and 450 °C. Thereafter, Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used to identify the lipophilic compounds, which showed that the extracts were rich in fatty acids and terpenes.     

汶香附挥发油GC-MS化学成分分析

目的研究汶香附挥发油化学成分的特点。方法水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱法分析比较汶香附与海南香附挥发油的化学成分相对含量。结果从汶香附挥发油中分离鉴定出34种化合物,主要成分为香附烯(cyperene,14.78%)、β-香附酮(β-cyperone,14.41%)、α-香附酮(α-cyperone,12.57%)等,与海南香附所含化学成分相似,但含量不同。结论汶香附中有效成分香附烯α-香附酮和β-香附酮的相对含量较均衡,揭示了汶香附的质量特点,为汶香附的临床应用和开发提供了参考资料。     

超临界CO2萃取分析苏合香的化学成分

目的分析苏合香挥发油的化学成分。方法采用超临界CO2法提取苏合香挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,分析鉴定其中的化学成分。结果通过计算机检索,鉴定了其中的73个化合物,占挥发油色谱峰总面积的87%。主要成分为苄基肉桂酸(2.53%)、苯甲酸苄酯(29.87%)、乙酸苄酯(1.71%)、乙酰苯丙酯(1.83%)、石竹烯(2.42%)、肉桂酸异丁酯(3.05%)、绿叶烯(1.81%)、去氢自莒烯(1.04%)、硬尾醇氧化物(1.71%)、17-氧白羽扇豆碱(2.80%)、脱氢-4-上松香醇(5.20%)、2-葵基十六烷基脱氢-[2,1-a]茚(3.06%)等。检出成分占挥发油总量的71%。结论所用方法为苏合香的合理利用提供了科学依据。     

气-质联用分析比较麻黄及其炮制品中挥发性成分(英文)

采用气质联用法分析麻黄生品及其炮制品种的挥发油成分。采取水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界流体萃取技术提取麻黄各品种中的挥发油, 其中通过水蒸汽蒸馏法提取得到的麻黄生品、蜜麻黄和清炒麻黄挥发油中, 鉴定的成分分别为48, 57和48种, 蜜炙和清炒后分别产生14 和 9种新成分通过超临界流体萃取法提取得到的麻黄生品、蜜麻黄和清炒麻黄挥发油中, 鉴定的成分分别为22, 36和28 种, 蜜炙和清炒后分别产生15 和23种新成分。麻黄经炮制后挥发油成分和相对含量均发生了明显变化, 这可能是导致麻黄炮制品功效的改变原因之一。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取法与水蒸汽蒸馏法提取蒌蒿挥发性化学成分的研究

目的比较分析水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法所提蒌蒿挥发油的化学成分及其含量。方法采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对蒌蒿挥发性成分进行分析,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果与结论水蒸汽蒸馏法提取蒌蒿挥发油,经毛细管色谱分离出82个峰,并鉴定出71个化合物,其主要化学成分为桉油精、顺式-β-金合欢烯、β-侧柏酮等;超临界CO2萃取法提取蒌蒿挥发油,经毛细管色谱分离出49个峰,并鉴定出40个化合物,其主要化学成分为4-甲基苯甲醇、桉油精、β-侧柏酮等。     

微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏杭白芷挥发油的比较

目的:比较微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏杭白芷挥发油的提取率和化学成分。方法:分别采用微波辅助提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取白芷挥发油,并运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行化学成分分析。结果:共鉴定出68个成分,从微波辅助提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了59种和37种化合物,分别占总峰面积的88.93%和94.79%。结论:微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏提取所得挥发油的化学成分有较大差异,微波提取的挥发油成分更多。     

秦艽与龙胆挥发油的化学成分及抗炎活性研究

目的研究秦艽和龙胆挥发油的化学成分和体内外抗炎活性。方法超临界CO2萃取秦艽和龙胆地下部分的挥发油;采用气相色谱-质谱联用方法分析萃取物的成分;采用LPS刺激小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞炎症和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀试验,观察所得挥发油体内外抗炎活性。结果所得挥发油透明、橙黄、有浓郁的香味。通过GC-MS分析,从秦艽和龙胆挥发油中分别鉴定出29个和40个化合物。药理实验表明,秦艽和龙胆挥发油均能显著抑制由脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞NO释放和二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀,且存在一定的剂量依赖性。结论秦艽和龙胆挥发油在体内外均显示了出色的抗炎活性,有望从中分离新的抗炎活性成分。     

Hydro-distillation and microwave-assisted distillation of Sideritis raeseri: Comparison of the composition of the essential oil,hydrolat and residual water extract

Sideritis raeseri is widely used as a tea in the traditional medicine of many Mediterranean, Balkan, and Middle East countries. In this study, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) at different power levels (180 W, 360 W, and 600 W) of Sideritis raeseri essential oil was compared in terms of extraction time, yield, qualitative analysis, and operational cost with the conventional method of hydro-distillation (HD). Obtained essential oil, as well as hydrolats and residual water extracts, were chemically characterized. An extraction time of 16–32 min with MAHD at different powers provided yields of 0.61–0.67%, while HD gave 0.01% after 141 min. The main constituents in all essential oils were oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and their content was higher in MAHD (32.93–51.42%) than in oil from HD (17.62%). HD oil was characterized by higher concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes (14.95%) in relation to MAHD oil (8.87–14.16%). The essential oil obtained by MAHD at 600 W has a higher content of diterpenes (13.26%) than HD oil (8.59%). All hydrolats displayed the highest content of oxygenated monoterpenes. The highest contents of 8-hydroxyflavone 7-allosylglucosides compounds in residual water extracts were obtained by applying higher (600 W) microwave power. MAHD could be selected as a more appropriate extraction technique for S. reaseri essential oil than HD with respect to the extraction time, quality, and energy savings above 99%.     

压力液体提取乐脉颗粒处方中的多种活性成分

目的建立乐脉颗粒的压力液体提取方法。方法采用HPLC法,以处方中6个主要生物活性成分的提取总量为指标,优化提取条件。结果优化的压力液体提取条件为:以水为溶剂,样品粒径为0.15～0.18 mm,按11∶0.75(mL∶g)的溶剂样品比,温度140℃、压力5 MPa,提取1次,提取时间5 min;6个活性成分的总提取率比药典方法高30.6%。结论压力液体提取法提取时间短、溶剂和能耗低,活性成分的产率大大提高,有望成为传统中成药生产的新技术。     

莪术油质量控制及药理研究进展

目的介绍近年来莪术油的化学成分和药理学研究情况。方法查阅大量关于莪术油提取、含量测定和药理作用的文献,进行综合、分析和归纳。结果莪术油提取方法有水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界流体萃取法、索氏提取法、微波提取法等;其主要有效成分含量测定有薄层扫描法、气相色谱法、气质联用色谱法、高效液相色谱法等;莪术油具有抗肿瘤、抗血栓、抗菌抗病毒、增强免疫等药理作用。结论可以采用莪术油的主要有效成分——莪术醇、β-榄香烯、吉玛酮含量来判断药材的质量。