α_1-微球蛋白在妊娠高血压综合征早期肾损害诊断中的意义

目的 :评估α1 微球蛋白 (α1 MG)在妊高征早期肾损害诊断中的意义。方法 :测定 44例妊高征患者血、尿α1 MG的含量。结果 :轻、中、重各组妊高征患者血α1 MG水平显著高于正常孕妇组 ,而 β2 MG、Scr、BUN在轻度妊高征尚未升高。各组妊高征患者血α1 MG水平升高的阳性率均显著高于血 β2 MG水平升高的阳性率。在轻、中、重度妊高征组 ,尿α1 MG及其排泄分数显著升高 ,而在轻度妊高征组中尿 β2 MG及其排泄分数尚未升高。结论 :血、尿α1 MG可作为反映妊高征患者肾小球、肾小管功能受损的早期指标 ,敏感性高于血、尿 β2 MG、Scr及BUN。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者肾小管功能损害的指标探讨

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征 (简称妊高征 )患者尿 N-乙酰 β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶 ( NAG)及尿 β2 -微球蛋白 ( β2 -MG)的变化规律及临床意义。方法对 6 4例妊高征患者 (轻、中度 35例 ,重度 31例 )与正常孕妇组 ( 38例 )尿 NAG及β2 -MG进行比较 ,并进行各型妊高征组之间尿 NAG、β2 -MG的比较。结果妊高征组与正常孕妇组对照 ,尿 NAG及β2 -MG升高有极显著差异 ( P<0 .0 1)。而且重度妊高征组较轻、中度妊高征组尿 NAG、β2 -MG升高有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 )。结论尿 NAG及β2 -MG是妊高征早期肾小管功能损害的敏感指标 ,且能反映肾小管受损程度     

血清β_2-微球蛋白测定对高血压早期肾损害的诊断价值

目的 :探讨血清 β2 -微球蛋白 (β2 -MG)测定对高血压早期肾损害的诊断价值。方法 :对 42例病程≤ 15年的高血压患者进行了血清 β2 -MG的检测。结果 :血清 β2 -MG在病程≤ 5年组及全部 42例患者中 ,其升高的阳性率高于血肌酐 (Cr) (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 2 5 ) ,且与血Cr呈正     

α１—微球蛋白在妊娠高压综合征早期肾损害诊断中的意义

目的：评估α１－微球蛋白（α１－ＭＧ）在妊高征早期肾损害诊断中的意义,方法：测定４４例妊高征患者血、尿α１－ＭＧ的含量,结果：轻、中、重各组妊高征患者血α１－ＭＧ水平显著高于正常孕妇组,而β２－ＭＧ、Ｓcr`BUN在轻度妊高征尚未升高。各组妊高征患者血α１－ＭＧ水平升高的阳性率均显著高于血β２－ＭＧ水平升高的阳性率,在轻、中、重度妊高征组,尿α1-ＭＧ人排泄分数显著升高,而在轻度妊高征组中尿β２－ＭＧ及其排汇分数尚未升高,结论：血、尿α1-MG可作为反应妊高征患者肾小球、紧管功能受损的早期指标,敏感性高于血,尿β２－ＭＧ,Ｓcr及ＢＵＮ。     

尿微量蛋白的变化与妊高征的关系

目的 探讨妊高征患者尿中微量蛋白含量与妊高征严重程度的关系.方法 采用放射免疫法(RIA)测定妊高征患者尿中β2-MG、MA、IgG的含量.结果 与正常对照组比较:中度妊高征患者β2-MG增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度妊高征患者β2-MG、MA、IgG差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明肾脏损害加剧.结论 妊高征时选择适当的检测项目早期发现肾脏损害,可以对其进行早期干预和治疗,以保护孕妇身体健康,减少并发症的发生具有意义.     

妊娠高血压综合征患者近端肾小管功能改变的分析

目的　探讨妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )患者近端肾小管功能的变化及其临床意义。方法　测定 30例正常孕妇 (对照组 )和 4 5例妊高征患者尿N 乙酰 β D氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG)活性、尿微球蛋白 (β2 MG)水平。结果　妊高征患者尿NAG活性显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,尿 β2 MG水平在中、重度妊高征患者显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　妊高征患者肾脏近端肾小管功能均可发生损害。     

血管紧张素转换酶在妊娠高血压综合征早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)在妊娠高血压综合征(简称妊高征)早期诊断中的价值。方法检测55例妊高征孕妇及45名正常孕妇(对照组)孕中期和孕后期的肾功能指标[肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)]、血糖(Glu)及ACE水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各项指标诊断妊高征的价值。结果妊高征组孕中期Cr、BUN、UA、Cys C、RBP均明显高于同期对照组(P0.05),孕晚期Cr、UA、Glu、β_2-MG、RBP、ACE水平明显高于同期对照组(P0.05)。妊高征组孕晚期BUN、β_2-MG、RBP、ACE水平明显高于孕中期(P0.05),其他指标2个组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,肾功能各项指标诊断妊高征的曲线下面积(AUC)孕中期最大的是Cr,但其AUC也仅为0.716;孕晚期AUC最大的是ACE(0.924),其次为β_2-MG(0.897)。从孕中期到孕晚期,AUC升高最明显的是ACE。以临床诊断为标准,β_2-MG诊断妊高征的敏感性从孕中期的63.6%升高至孕晚期的67.3%,特异性从55.6%升高至88.9%;ACE的敏感性从70.9%升高至83.6%,特异性从95.6%升高至97.8%。β_2-MG与ACE无相关性(r=0.278,P0.05)。结论ACE是早期诊断妊高征的敏感指标,具有一定的临床价值。     

动态测定尿微量蛋白对危重患者早期肾损害的价值

目的探讨尿微量蛋白作为危重患者早期肾损害监测指标的可行性。方法前瞻性动态监测ICU危重患者一周内尿微量白蛋白(MA)、α_1-微球蛋白(α_1-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP),并分别与同期尿蛋白定量、肾小球滤过率(以肌酐清除率CCr表示)、血Cr(SCr)比较。结果在危重患者中MA、α_1-MG、RBP、NAG尿发生率分别为：80%、83%、63%、87%,四种微量蛋白联测阳性率为93%,而血Cr阳性率仅27%,尿蛋白阳性率66%,肌酐清除率阳性率77%。肾功能不全组较未发生肾功能不全组尿MA、α_1-MG、RBP升高具有统计学意义(P＜0．05),而NAG差异无统计学意义。结论动态监测尿MA、α_1-MG、RBP可作为危重患者早期肾损害监测的临床指标。     

血清胱抑素C、尿微量清蛋白及β2-微球蛋白联合检测妊娠高血压综合征早期肾损伤的临床意义

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(CysC)、尿微量清蛋白(尿mAlb)及β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)联合检测对妊娠高血压综合征(简称"妊高征")早期肾损伤诊断的意义。方法选取2014年2月至2017年4月就诊于该院的100例妊高征患者,根据是否合并早期肾损伤分为对照组(未合并肾损伤,n=63)、研究组(合并肾损伤,n=37),另选择同期于本院健康产检的50例正常妊娠者作为正常组。利用全自动生化分析仪测定并对比3组受检者血清CysC、尿mAlb、β_2-MG水平,评估CysC、尿mAlb、β_2-MG单独及联合检测用于诊断妊高征早期肾损伤的特异度、灵敏度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果研究组CysC、尿mAlb、β_2-MG水平高于对照组,对照组高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CysC、尿mAlb、β_2-MG联合检测用于诊断妊高征早期肾损伤的准确率(90.00%)较单项指标检测高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CysC、尿mAlb、β_2-MG联合检测用于诊断妊高征早期肾损伤的灵敏度(94.59%)、特异度(87.30%)、阳性预测值(81.40%)、阴性预测值(94.49%)略高于单项指标,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CysC、尿mAlb、β_2-MG均可有效反映肾损伤状况,三者联合检测用于诊断妊高征早期肾损伤具有较高准确率,可为本病早期诊断及制订合理治疗方案提供科学依据,有助于改善妊娠结局。     

老年肺原性心脏病急性加重期123例肾功能检测分析

目的 探讨肺原性心脏病(肺心痛)急性加重期肾功能变化及临床意义,提高对早期肾功能损害的认识.方法 全部患者采晨起空腹静脉血测血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr),β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及晨起1 h尿标本测尿β2-MG,并与健康老年组对比.结果 所有患者血、尿β2-MG均显著高于对照组.结论 老年肺心病急性加重期无论有无呼吸衰竭,血、尿β2-MG均显著升高,可作为早期判定肾功能受损的敏感指标.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.