吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在前循环动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿（ICG）脑血管造影在颅内前循环动脉瘤手术中的作用。方法回顾性研究2007年1月至2008年4月开颅手术治疗的前循环动脉瘤患者42例,荧光显微镜下观察术野中血管,指导手术操作。术后行3DCTA或DSA检查,评估术中ICG荧光造影对开颅手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的作用。结果术中确认动脉瘤颈残留2例,载瘤动脉分支血管闭塞1例,穿通血管误夹2例,重新调整动脉瘤夹位置后,再次荧光血管造影,证实动脉瘤颈夹闭满意,术后DSA（或MRA、CTA）均证实术中ICG造影结果。结论ICG血管造影是一种术中监测颅内动脉瘤颈是否残留、载瘤动脉是否狭窄及穿通支血管是否闭塞的重要检查手段。     

Intraoperative assessment of anterior circulation aneurysms using the indocyanine green video angiography technique

We performed a prospective study to evaluate the intraoperative value of indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography in anterior circulation aneurysms. From January 2007 to April 2008, 42 patients with anterior circulation aneurysms who were to undergo aneurysm clipping were enrolled in the study. Intraoperative ICG video angiography was performed using a fluorescence microscope. After the operation, three-dimensional CT angiography (CTA), digital substraction angiography (DSA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were used to evaluate the use of intraoperative ICG video angiography. Of the 42 patients, on ICG video angiography after initial clip placement, neck remnants of the aneurysm were found in two patients, inadvertent clipping of branching vessels in one patient, and inadvertent clipping of perforating vessels in two patients. ICG video angiography after adjustment of the clip position showed a perfect residual elimination with no abnormal findings. Post-operative DSA, CTA and MRA results corresponded to the intraoperative ICG video angiography findings. Therefore, ICG video angiography is an important tool to monitor residual aneurysm, parent artery stenosis or perforating artery occlusion during intracranial aneurysm clipping.     

Arteriovenous malformations and intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography: preliminary experience

We report our preliminary clinical experience with microscope-integrated intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Nine patients underwent surgical procedures for AVMs. All patients had preoperative and early postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In all the procedures, ICG was injected intravenously during AVM occlusion and the removal of the nidus were directly analized into the microscope-integrated video, and they were compared with early postoperative angiography images. A total of 16 intraoperative ICG angiographies were performed. In all the patients the image quality was excellent, allowing intraoperative real-time evaluation of the completeness of the removal of the nidus. ICG videoangiography is easily performed during surgery for AVM and can confirm the completeness of the removal and may detect residual nidus, thus improving outcomes.     

吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤于术中的应用,减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性.方法 回顾性总结18例25个颅内动脉瘤.术中动脉瘤夹闭前后均行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影检查,根据造影结果,必要时调整动脉瘤夹.术后复查CT判断有无缺血梗死,复查DSA或CTA判断动脉瘤夹闭情况.结果 术中荧光血管造影发现动脉瘤残颈1例,载瘤动脉狭窄2例,远端分支狭窄1例,穿通支闭寨1例,均根据造影结果及时调整动脉瘤夹.术后复查CT无缺血性梗死出现,1例术后因动脉瘤夹闭不全出血,二次手术清除血肿,并调整动脉瘤火.16例复查DSA或CTA见动脉瘤夹闭完全,架桥血管通畅.结论 吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影对于判断载瘤动脉是否狭窄、动脉瘤是否有残颈、动脉瘤远端血管和穿支血管是否狭窄或闭寒、架桥血管是否通畅有重要的参考价值,可有效的减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性,足一种方便快捷、安全有效的术中血管造影技术.     

吲哚菁绿脑血管造影在烟雾病血管搭桥术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)脑血管造影在烟雾病(MMD)血管搭桥术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年11月行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉血管搭桥手术治疗的38例MMD患者的临床资料,搭桥术后共行ICG脑血管造影41次,在荧光显微镜下观察搭桥血管通畅情况,并与术后320排CTA或DSA检查结果比较。结果术中ICG脑血管造影发现1例搭桥血管闭塞,2例吻合口不通畅,重新吻合后再次造影显示搭桥血管通畅。术后行DSA检查26例,320排CTA检查38例,均证实与术中ICG脑血管造影结果一致。结论术中ICG脑血管造影对于判断搭桥血管是否通畅有重要的参考价值,是一种简便、迅速和具有较高准确性的术中血管造影技术。     

荧光造影和脑电监测在术中闭塞载瘤动脉时的作用

目的 探讨术中脑电图(EEG)监测和吲哚菁绿(ICG)血管荧光造影在颅内动脉瘤术中闭塞载瘤动脉时的作用.方法 2008年5月至11月,5例颅内动脉瘤患者术中遭遇载瘤动脉闭塞或拟牺牲载瘤动脉,2例只应用了EEG监测,1例只应用了术中ICG脑咀管荧光造影,2例同时应用了EEG监测和术中ICG脑血管荧光造影,对牺牲载瘤动脉的安全性进行评价.结果 1例术中EEG监测提示脑侧枝循环不良者行脑血管重建;1例闭塞载瘤动脉者,术中ICG脑血管造影提示侧枝循环不良,术后出现了脑缺血并发症;3例EEG监测和(或)ICG脑血管荧光造影提示侧枝循环良好者,单纯行闭塞载瘤动脉,术后无相应脑缺血后遗症.结论 术中EEG监测和ICG脑血管荧光造影可以作为术中闭塞载瘤动脉安全性的评价手段,联合应用更有价值.     

吲哚菁绿血管造影在颅内外搭桥手术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿（ICG）血管造影在颅内外血管搭桥术中判定吻合口通畅性方面的作用。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2012年12月57例患者的临床资料,共行颅内外搭桥手术61例次,共68处吻合口。吻合术后均行ICG血管造影,观察搭桥血管通畅情况,并与术后1周内的数字减影血管造影（DSA）或CT血管造影（CTA）检查结果比较。结果术中ICG血管造影有良好的时间和空间分辨率,发现4处吻合口闭塞,给予重新吻合。最终造影显示67处通畅,1处闭塞。术后DSA和CTA检查示66处吻合口通畅,2处闭塞。结论术中ICG血管造影可以判断颅内外搭桥吻合口的通畅性,是一种简便、迅速、准确的术中血管造影技术。     

吲哚菁绿荧光强度分析在颅内动脉瘤术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿血管造影及荧光强度分析在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中的作用.方法回顾性分析吲哚菁绿血管造影及荧光强度分析在47例颅内动脉瘤患者夹闭术中的作用.术中行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影,观察动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及分支血管的血流情况,并通过荧光强度分析软件进行分析.结果47例中有4例通过吲哚菁绿血管造影检测到动脉瘤夹闭不全,术中荧光强度分析为3例动脉瘤的夹闭提供了重要信息.结论 吲哚菁绿血管造影能在术中对术野血流情况进行实时的分析,而通过荧光强度分析可进一步提高吲哚菁绿血管造影对血流分析的准确性.     

Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography in intracranial aneurysm surgery: Microsurgical clipping and revascularization

Background

The goal of this report is to illustrate the use of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in the surgical management of intracranial aneurysms, including microsurgical clipping and revascularization.

Methods

This study included a series of 45 patients who were surgically treated between June 2007 and May 2008 for intracranial aneurysms. Fourty-three of the patients had anterior circulation aneurysms, and 2 had posterior circulation aneurysms. Forty-one patients were treated with microsurgical clipping. Four patients underwent revascularization combined with aneurysm dissection or trapping. Intraoperative ICG angiography was used to visualize the aneurysm clipping, patency of parent artery or graft. The ICG angiography technique is described, with particular reference to evaluation of the aneurysm clipping and revascularization.

Results

Eighty-nine ICG angiography procedures were performed in 45 patients with intracranial aneurysms. The aneurysms were completely obliterated for all patients, and the grafts were patented for all except 1 patient. Pre-clipping ICG angiography showed the relationship of aneurysm and its parent artery clearly. After aneurysms being clipped, intraoperative ICG angiography found remnant of aneurysms, stenosis or occlusion of parent arteries and grafts in 8 cases, which were revised in the same surgical procedure. The results of ICG angiography correlated well with postoperative DSA in 97% patients.

Conclusion

ICG angiography can provide real-time information and guide revision in the same surgical procedure for the management of intracranial aneurysms.     

吲哚菁绿造影在巨大动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿造影(ICGA)在颅内巨大动脉瘤(GIA)手术中的作用.方法 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科自2007年3月至2009年10月行瘤体夹闭和(或)切除术治疗GIA患者57例(61个动脉瘤),术中瘤体夹闭前、后分别进行ICGA并做比较,术后行DSA或CTA检查观察有无瘤体残留,载瘤动脉是否畅通,并与术中瘤体夹闭后ICGA结果对比分析.结果 57例患者共行ICGA 128次,夹闭切除动脉瘤61个,ICGA可实时显示术野内血流循环,清晰显示动脉瘤、载瘤动脉和穿支血管.通过对比夹闭前、后的ICGA影像,4例患者追加或调整瘤夹后,ICGA显示无瘤体残留,无载瘤动脉和穿支血管闭塞,术后DSA与夹闭后ICGA显示一致.结论 ICGA做为术中血管成像技术的一种,对术中确认GIA与周围血管的关系、监测瘤颈是否残留和载瘤动脉及穿支动脉是否畅通具有重要意义.     

缺血性脑卒中患者的数字减影脑血管造影的研究

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者全脑血管造影的特点。方法对243例缺血性脑卒中患者进行全脑血管造影检查,回顾性分析脑动脉颅内动脉狭窄、颅外动脉狭窄的发生率及其分布情况。结果在243例缺血性脑卒中180例（74.07%）存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞,前循环动脉狭窄或闭塞82例（45.46%）,后循环52例（28.89%）,前后循环均有46例（25.56%）。颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞48例（26.67%）,颅外动脉86例（47.78%）,颅内、外动脉均有46例（25.56%）。180例中共发现狭窄血管356支,单支血管病变82例,多支血管病变98例。颅外血管狭窄以颈内动脉颅外段最多,颅内血管狭窄以椎动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉为多。结论脑血管造影可以准确地评价缺血性脑卒中患者脑动脉狭窄的分布情况及其程度,为临床提供了诊治依据。     

Surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with intraoperative digital subtraction angiography

Complete excision of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is requisite to improving the outcome of patients with AVMs. Five patients with a small or medium cerebral AVM underwent surgery with an intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) unit. There were no residual AVMs and no complications in the examination of intraoperative DSA. The findings of postoperative angiography were consistent with those of intraoperative DSA. Intraoperative DSA provided the benefits of not only identification of a feeding artery, but also recognition of the complete excision during surgery.     

Application of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography for resection of spinal cord hemangioblastoma: Advantages and limitations

Hemangioblastomas constitute 2-15% of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Identification of the feeding arteries and draining veins is crucial for an en bloc tumor resection and cure. We report our experience using intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography during the surgical resection of spinal cord hemangioblastomas (SH) and evaluate the advantages and limitations of this technique. Seven patients with an SH underwent resection with the assistance of intraoperative ICG videoangiography. The ICG videoangiography images were analyzed, and the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative images were compared. ICG videoangiography clearly revealed the feeding arteries and enlarged draining veins and assisted in defining the tumor borders in five of the seven patients (patients one, two, four, five, and seven). By contrast, patient three had a devascularized residual tumor located deep in the spinal cord parenchyma, which did not take up the fluorescent dye and therefore was not visualized by ICG videoangiography. In addition, in patient six, only the draining veins could be visualized in the ventrolateral tumor, because it was covered by the spinal cord parenchyma. Six tumors were completely removed, and one was partially removed. None of our patients had significant neurological deterioration after surgery. ICG videoangiography provided real-time information about the tumor vasculature during surgery for SH and aided in intraoperative decision-making. However, for deep tumors and ventral tumors, the benefits of this technique might be limited.     

对比吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影与数字减影血管造影在脑动静脉畸形手术中的应用(英文)

BACKGROUND The potential utility of intraoperative microscope-integrated indocyanine green( ICG) fluorescence angiography in the surgery of brain arteriovenous malformations( AVMs) and evaluation of the completeness of resection is debatable.Postoperative catheter angiography is considered the gold standard. We evaluated the value of ICG and intraoperative catheter angiography in this setting. METHODS Between January 2009 and July 2013,37 patients with brain AVMs underwent surgical resection of their vascularlesions. ICG videoangiography and an intraoperative catheter angiography were performed in 32 cases,and a routine postoperative angiogram was performed within 48 h to 2 weeks after surgery. The usefulness of ICG findings and the ability to confirm total resection and to identify residual nidus or persistent shunt were assessed and compared to intraoperative and postoperative digital subtraction angiography,respectively. RESULTS There were 7 grade 1,11 grade 2,11 grade 3 and 3 grade 4 Spetzler-Martin classification AVMs. ICG angiography helped to distinguish AVM vessels in 26 patients. In 31 patients,it demonstrated that there was no residual shunting. In one patient,a residual AVM was identified and further resected. Intraoperative catheter angiography detected two additional small residuals that were missed by ICG angiography,both deep in the surgical cavity. Further resection of the AVM was performed,and total resection was confirmed by a repeat intraoperative angiogram. Postoperative angiography in a patient with a grade 4 lesion revealed one additional small deep residual AVM nidus with persistent late shunting missed on both ICG and intraoperative angiography. Overall ICG angiography missed three out of four residual AVMs after initial resection, while the intraoperative angiogram missed one.CONCLUSION Although ICG angiography is a helpful adjunct in the surgery of some brain AVMs,it's yield in detecting residual AVM nidus or shunt is low,especially for deep-seated lesions and higher grade AVMs. ICG angiography should not be used as a sole and / or reliable technique. High-resolution postoperative angiography must be performed in brain AVM surgery and remains the best test to confidently confirm complete AVM resection.     

吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影在脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术中的应用

目的 探引哚菁绿术中荧光造影术在脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术中的作用.方法 9例脊髓硬脊膜动静咏瘘患者,均经脊髓DSA确诊,行后正中全椎板切开,术中吲哚菁绿荧光造影明确供血动脉、引流静脉及瘘口,夹闭瘘口并选择性切除静脉血管畸形.结果 畸形血管位于颈段1例、胸段4例、胸腰段2例、腰段1例、胸腰骶段1例;介入栓塞不充分后转手术1例,介入栓塞微导管难以到位转手术8例;术后MRI显示髓周异常迂曲畸形血管消失,脊髓缺血水肿好转.术后症状消失2例,改善6例,无变化1例.结论 吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影能够明确供血动脉、引流静脉及瘘口情况,有效地提高了脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术的疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG)videoangiography in surgical management of spinal dural ateriovenots fistulae (dAVFs).Method In this retrospective analysis we examined nine cases of dAVFs, diagnosed by complete spinal angiography,in which laminoplasty were performed through posterior approach.An operating microscope - integrated light source containing infrared excitation light illuminated the operating field and was used to visualize an intravenous bolus of ICG.The locations of fistulae, feeding arteries and draininig veins were identified and compared before and after surgical obhteration by intraoperative ICG videoangiography.Results In the nine cases the dAVFs involved one cervical cord, four thoracic cord,two thoracic lumbar cord, one lumbar cord and one thoracic and lumbosacral cord.One of them used to take an unsuccessful endovascular embolization, while the rest of them were given the operation right after diagnosed by the spinal angiography.Microscope-based ICG videoangiography identified the fistulous point(s),feeding arteries and draining veins in all nine cases,as confirmed by postoperative MRI which showed complete obliteration of the dAVFs with improved spinal blood supply and reduced spinal cord edema.After the operation the clini cal symptoms were nearly disappered in two cases, improved in six cases, and present no obvious changes in one case.Conclusions Intraoerative ICG videoangiography provides real -time information about the precise location of spinal dAVFs,the feeding arteries and the draining veins, as well as additional feeding aiteries unrevealed by the preoperative spinal angiography and residue pathologic blood vessels during the operation, which efficiently improves the surgical outcomes and prognosis.     

吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤术中的应用(附56例分析)

目的探讨术中吲哚菁绿(Indocyanine green,ICG)荧光血管造影在开颅手术治疗颅内动脉瘤中的作用。方法回顾性分析开颅手术治疗56例颅内动脉瘤的经验。术中共行ICG荧光血管造影145次。结果3例手术得益于ICG荧光血管造影,经及时调整动脉瘤夹的位置或切断动脉瘤顶部的细小供血血管后,获得理想疗效。术中1例病人出现ICG过敏。术后复查3D-CTA或DSA检查51例,显示2例存在与血流不相关的载瘤动脉轻度狭窄,余49例结果与术中ICG荧光血管造影结果一致。结论ICG荧光血管造影简便易行,具有理想的空间和时间分辨率,可以帮助提高颅内动脉瘤手术质量,有可能成为颅内动脉瘤手术中的重要检查手段。     

DSA对缺血性脑血管病的诊断评估

目的 评价DSA对缺血性脑血管病的诊断价值。方法 对52例缺血性脑血管病患者行主动脉弓、脑实质以及各主要分支的造影，以观察各主要动脉开口、分支的显影情况。结果 脑梗塞患者43例，6例DSA正常，37例异常，共发现53处病变，平均每个患者有1．23处病变；短暂性脑缺血发作8例，3例DSA正常，异常5例；一过性全面遗忘症1例DSA异常。结论 DSA可明确病变的性质，判断预后，并为脑动脉狭窄的介入治疗提供依据。     

Surgical treatment of spinal vascular malformations performed using intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography

This study aims to evaluate the benefits of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography and associated surgical outcomes of patients with spinal vascular malformations. ICG videoangiography was used during 24 surgical interventions to treat spinal vascular malformations at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital from August 2009 to May 2011. The vascular malformations were removed or the fistulae were occluded with the assistance of ICG videoangiography. The completeness of fistula clipping or nidus extirpation and each patient’s neurological status were evaluated. Among these 24 patients, there were seven with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae, five glomus arteriovenous malformations, one juvenile arteriovenous malformation, nine perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae, and two perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae in combination with perimedullary arteriovenous malformations. Intraoperative ICG videoangiography confirmed the definite clipping of the fistulous points and complete removal of intramedullary arteriovenous malformations in all but one patient. All patients had satisfactory preservation of spinal cord blood supply and venous return. No adverse effects or complications related to ICG videoangiography occurred. Three patients were lost to follow up; 21 patients were followed clinically with a mean follow up of 7.5 months. The neurological deficits completely resolved in six patients, improved significantly in 10, remained stable in two, and were aggravated in three patients. Our experience shows that intraoperative ICG videoangiography offers useful information on the pathological and physiological vascular anatomy encountered during surgery for spinal vascular malformations.     

Indocyanine Green Videoangiography for Confirmation of Bypass Graft Patency

Objective

The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography for confirmation of vascular anastomosis patency in both extracranial-intracranial and intracranial-intracranial bypasses.

Methods

Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was used as a surgical adjunct for 56 bypasses in 47 patients to assay the patency of intracranial vascular anastomosis. These patients underwent a bypass for cerebral ischemia in 31 instances and as an adjunct to intracranial aneurysm surgery in 25. After completion of the bypass, ICG was administered to assess the patency of the graft. The findings on ICG videoangiography were then compared to intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging.

Results

ICG provided an excellent visualization of all cerebral arteries and grafts at the time of surgery. Four grafts were determined to be suboptimal and were revised at the time of surgery. Findings on ICG videoangiography correlated with intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging.

Conclusion

ICG videoangiography is rapid, effective, and reliable in determining the intraoperative patency of bypass grafts. It provides intraoperative information allowing revision to reduce the incidence of technical errors that may lead to early graft thrombosis.     

Uses and limitations of indocyanine green videoangiography for flow analysis in arteriovenous malformation surgery

Intra-operative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography is a useful addition to cerebrovascular neurosurgery. ICG videoangiography is useful in different phases of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery. Additionally, it can be used to perform semi-quantitative flow analysis. We reviewed our initial assessment of 24 patients who underwent ICG videoangiography during AVM surgery to assess the utility and limitations of the technique as well as to demonstrate semi-quantitative flow analysis, a new capability of ICG videoangiography. Over the course of 3 years, we performed 49 ICG videoangiographies in 24 patients with AVM. In 85% of the pre-resection videos, ICG was useful in localising the arterial feeders, the draining veins and the nidus. Intra-resection ICG videos were recorded for eight of the 23 patients (the ICG from one patient was missing). Post-resection ICG videos were recorded for 14 out of the 23 patients, which were useful in confirming no evidence of nidus in the exposed resection cavity and an absence of flow in the main draining vein. Semi-quantitative flow analysis was performed in eight patients with superficial AVM. The average T_½ peak intensities (time to 50% of peak intensity) were 32 s, 33.5 s, and 35.6 s for the arterial feeder, the draining vein and normal cortex, respectively. The arteriovenous T_½ peak time was 1.5 s, and the arteriocortex T_½ peak time was 3.6 s. The T_½ peak fluorescence rates were 84 average intensity of fluorescence (AI)/s, 62.9 AI/s and 28.7 AI/s, for the arterial feeder, the draining vein and normal cortex, respectively. Only one patient of 23 (4.3%) showed residual AVM on post-operative digital subtraction angiography or CT angiography despite negative intra-operative ICG. ICG videoangiography is a useful addition to AVM surgery, but it has some limitations. Flow analysis is a new capability that allows for semi-quantitative AVM perfusion analysis.