Correction of knee deformity in patients with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome (EVC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. In 1940 Richard W. Ellis and Simon van Creveld first reported on a rare skeletal dysplasia, which to emphasize the main clinical characteristics, was termed "chondro-ectodermal dysplasia". The ectodermal involvement includes the skin, hair and nails while the chondrodysplastic characteristics involve the cartilage and bones, primarily in the forearms and lower legs. For the orthopaedic surgeon progressive valgus knee deformity accompanied by patella dislocation is the main problem in EVC. This study reports a ten year follow-up after a primarily failed operative therapy of knee deformity due to incomplete correction and the surgical technique utilized to correct the residual external torsional deformity and dislocation of the patella in a 19 year old girl who presented with the typical clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome.     

Bilateral dislocation of the knee with rupture of both patellar tendons. A case report

Knee dislocations are rare injuries caused by violent trauma. Damage to soft tissues and ligament lesions almost always accompany the injury. Vascular compromise further complicates the situation. We report a case of bilateral posterior knee dislocation with traumatic rupture of both patellar tendons. Treatment consisted of external fixation of both knees. Vascular compromise resolved with reduction and traction pins were placed on both patellae which were connected to the external fixators on following days. Primary repair of patellar tendon was undertaken after gradual distal repositioning of patella. The result is successful with full range of motion. Rupture of patellar tendon should be considered with posterior dislocation of the knee. External fixators provide quick stabilization in case of vascular compromise and can be modified to provide a traction system for distal repositioning of patella which allows primary repair of the patellar tendon.     

Bosworth骨折脱位1例并文献复习

踝关节骨折是四肢骨折中常见损伤,但Bosworth骨折脱位是踝关节罕见的骨折脱位,由Bosworth在1947年首先描述及报道^[1],其特点是腓骨骨折近端嵌入胫骨后侧而导致距骨脱位后难以闭合复位,需要切开复位。因其损伤机制及特点,容易出现漏诊,如未及时诊治,或按照一般踝关节骨折处理.     

Angioleiomyoma in the posterior knee: A case report and literature review

The authors present a case of angioleiomyoma situated in the posterior knee.A 47-year-old Caucasian woman presented in 2011 with recurrent stabbing pain on the lateral aspect of her right knee. She reported having pain for the last 6 years. She had no history of trauma. In 2008 she was treated with a diagnostic arthroscopy and transposition of the tibial tuberosity, with no benefit to her symptoms. Electromyography of the lower limbs showed asymmetry of the amplitude of sensitive action potential of the superficial fibular nerve. Based on the clinical suspicion of entrapment of the common fibular nerve at its bifurcation, a surgical exploration was performed, but pain persisted. In 2014, ultrasonography localized at the trigger point showed a solid ovular formation of 1 cm in diameter situated on the posterior aspect of the external femoral condyle in proximity to the joint capsule, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical excision of the 1-cm diameter tumor mass relieved the symptoms immediately and permanently. Histology evidenced the presence of a solid-type angioleiomyoma.The presence of an angioleiomyoma at the knee joint is very rare and few cases are reported in the literature. To the authors' knowledge this is the first time an angioleiomyoma in the posterior knee has been described. In case of unexplained and persistent pain in and around the knee, clinicians should be aware of the atypical locations of this tumor, considering that its surgical excision alone may relieve symptoms permanently.     

Neglected rotatory knee dislocation: A case report

We report here a unique case of a 3 year neglected rotatory tibiofemoral dislocation associated with a lateral patellar dislocation. The rotational deformity was gradually corrected using a Taylor spatial frame and the patella was realigned by tibial tubercle osteotomy and transfer. The patient also underwent multiple soft tissue releases and quadricepsplasty to improve knee flexion. At nine year follow-up, the patient has good knee range of motion, a congruent knee joint and a good functional result.Clinical relevance: Taylor spatial frame combined with other orthopedic approaches can be a useful tool while dealing with neglected knee dislocations.     

Distal patellar tendon avulsion in association with high-energy knee trauma: A case series and review of the literature

Background

Patellar tendon rupture is rare in the general population. Typically, failure occurs proximally or at the mid-substance. Distal avulsion from the tibial tubercle in adults is rare and not well described in the orthopedic literature.

Permanent patellar dislocation and osteoarthritis of the knee after femoral fracture in childhood. A case report

A 52 year-old woman suffered bilateral femoral shaft fractures when she was 5 years old and they were treated surgically. She had been able to walk without pain and giving way throughout her young and adult life, however, when she came to us with a 1-year history of the right knee pain, she could walk only 10 m continuously. The right knee revealed valgus deformity with complete lateral patellar dislocation. The femoro-tibial angle was 154 degrees and arthritic change was seen in the femorotibial joint. Surfaces of both the patella and the femur were degraded. Twenty-two degrees of rotational deformity was also found internally in the involved side. Varus osteotomy with external rotation of the distal fragment and lateral retinacular release combined with reefing of vastus medialis muscle were performed. Twenty-four months after surgery, knee score and functional score were, respectively, 85/100 and 71/100, using knee society clinical rating system and there was no pain associating patella incongruity.     

Systemic sclerosis associated with moyamoya syndrome: A case report and literature review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) associated with moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is a clinically rare disease. To further understand the clinical characteristics of SSc associated with MMS, we investigated and analyzed one case of SSc associated with MMS and conducted a literature review about this disease. Publications retrieved from MEDLINE and Wanfang databases were reviewed and discussed, and we found five well-described cases of SSc associated with MMS. The five patients had no family history of moyamoya disease, and the risk factors (cardiovascular disease) `were found in one of the five patients. The patients included in this study were more frequently female, and they often had limited or diffuse SSc. Unilateral involvement was frequently observed with clinical symptoms including hemiplegia, headache, loss of eyesight, and aphasia. The medical treatments included corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulant therapy. The treatment with extra-intracranial revascularization was an effective treatment strategy for MMD and MMS. Unilateral MMD was more likely to be associated with SSc. The efficacy of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents was uncertain.     

距下关节脱位伴距骨后突骨折一例及文献复习

目的 报道1例少见的距下关节内侧脱位伴距骨后突骨折病例的诊断和治疗,探讨距骨后突周围解剖、距下关节内侧脱位伴距骨后突骨折发生机制、诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性分析1例25岁男性距下关节内侧脱位伴距骨后突骨折患者的临床资料。在PubMed、中国知网、万方数据及维普数据库中,以“距下关节脱位/subtalar dislocation”和“距骨后突骨折/posterior process fracture of talus”为关键词,检索2017年10月前有关距下关节脱位伴距骨后突骨折的相关文献,共纳入6篇6例距下关节脱位伴距骨后突骨折的英文文献报道和1篇1例中文文献报道;结合本例诊治过程,总结该损伤临床及影像学表现、损伤机制、诊断及治疗方法。结果 本文1例青年男性因车祸伤致右足内翻畸形、疼痛、肿胀、活动受限,正侧位X线平片示右距下关节内侧脱位伴后踝游离骨块,急诊行右距下关节脱位闭合复位石膏固定术。急诊术后X线片示距骨外旋,CT平扫示距跟关节间隙增宽、距骨后突骨折、足舟骨撕脱骨折,择期行右距下关节脱位伴距骨后突骨折切开复位内固定术;择期手术后距下关节及距骨后突复位良好,随访6个月患者踝关节活动可,未诉疼痛。结合文献报道的7例,共8例距下关节脱位伴距骨后突骨折,男7例、女1例,年龄17~52岁,均表现为伤后足内翻畸形、肿胀、疼痛、活动受限;X线示距胫关节稳定,足内翻、距下关节内侧脱位,后踝存在游离骨折块;治疗以切开或闭合复位内固定为主要手术方式;距骨后突解剖复位并石膏固定者术后功能恢复好,无关节不稳、创伤性关节炎等相关并发症。结论 当足遭受跖屈内翻暴力时距下关节可发生内侧脱位,同时距骨后突遭受距跟韧带的牵拉暴力形成撕脱骨折。距下关节脱位合并无移位或移位≤2 mm的距骨后突骨折可保守治疗,合并距骨后突骨折移位＞2 mm应手术治疗,有症状的陈旧性骨折可在关节镜下切除骨折块。     

人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形

背景:膝关节外翻畸形的病例较少见而手术难度大,目前国内外的截骨及软组织平衡技术规范尚不统一。目的:探讨人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年8月广州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的膝关节外翻畸形初次行人工全膝关节置换患者的病历资料,根据外翻程度进行分组,选择个体化软组织松解、精准截骨、合适假体及手术入路。评估患者术前、术后3年西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数、膝关节协会评分、股胫角、膝关节活动度、EQ-5D量表评分,定期复查X射线片,观察膝关节有无松动和移位,并记录生存率及并发症情况。结果与结论:①共纳入32例患者(32膝),随访时间3-9年;②术后3年随访膝关节协会临床和功能评分均较术前明显增加,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);术前不同畸形组别的膝关节协会临床和功能评分相比差异无显著性意义;术后3年不同畸形组别的膝关节协会临床和功能评分差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),且轻度畸形组、中度畸形组评分要高于重度畸形组;③术后3年EQ-5D量表评分与术前相比明显增加,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),术前不同畸形组别的EQ-5D量表评分相比差异无显著性意义,术后3年不同畸形组别的EQ-5D量表评分差异有显著性意义,且轻度畸形组、中度畸形组评分高于重度畸形组;④术后3年西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数与术前相比明显降低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术前不同畸形组别的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数相比差异无显著性意义;术后不同畸形组别的西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),且轻度畸形组、中度畸形组骨关节炎指数低于重度畸形组;⑤患者置换后膝关节活动度均明显增大,与术前相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术后不同畸形组别的膝关节活动度相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥随访期内膝关节假体固定良好,未出现松动及脱位,无明显深静脉血栓事件、假体感染等情况发生,假体生存率为100%;⑦提示在个体化软组织平衡技术及精准截骨的指导下,选择合适的膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形安全有效,中长期疗效满意。     

Thromboembolism associated with HIV infection: a case report and review of the literature

The array of the clinicopathologic spectrum related to HIV infection continues to increase and present new challenges to physicians caring for HIV-infected patients. Recent literature is encumbered with reports of various abnormalities consistent with a hypercoagulable state leading to thromboembolic complications. The coexistence of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses, such as malignancies, opportunistic infections, or autoimmune diseases, as well as drug therapy, may also predispose HIV-infected patients to thromboembolic disease. A case report of a 39-year-old man with Kaposi sarcoma who developed pulmonary embolism is presented, along with a review of the literature.     

Sick sinus syndrome associated with hypopituitarism：a case report and literature review

Though an association between autoimmune diseases and sick sinus syndrome has been reported,there has been no report on the association of hypopituitarism and sick sinus syndrome.Herein,we provide the first case report of hypopituitarism accompanying sick sinus syndrome in a 51-year-old woman presented to our hospital with syncope due to cardiac arrest.The patient was successfully managed by pacemaker installation and hormone replacement therapy.     

Fatal mucormycosis and aspergillosis coinfection associated with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report and literature review

Invasive mould infections are life-threatening and mainly occur in immunocompromised patients. Whereas aspergillosis is described during haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), only a few cases of concomitant mucormycosis with HLH have been reported. Here, we present an uncommon coinfection of mucormycosis and aspergillosis associated with HLH probably due to a varicella zoster virus (VZV) viraemia which was unresponsive to triple antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B combined with isavuconazole and caspofungin). A review of the cases of mucormycosis with HLH showed that this uncommon association was always lethal and underscored the relevance of screening for mould infections in patients with HLH.     

创伤性腰5椎体完全性前脱位一例及文献复习

目的 报道1例少见的创伤性L₅椎体完全性前脱位病例,并结合文献探讨其临床特点、发生机制及治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析1例52岁女性创伤性L₅椎体完全性前脱位患者的临床资料。在中国知网、万方数据、维普及PubMed等数据库中,以“创伤性腰骶椎完全性脱位”“创伤性腰骶椎完全性滑脱”和“traumatic complete lumbosacral dislocation”“traumatic lumbosacral spondyloptosis”为中英文关键词,检索2019年1月前有关L₅椎体创伤性完全性前脱位的相关文献,共纳入10篇10例L₅椎体创伤性完全性前脱位的英文文献报道。结合本例诊治过程,总结该损伤的临床及影像学表现、损伤原因及治疗方法。结果 本文1例成年女性因交通事故致L₅椎体完全性前脱位伴神经损伤,行单纯后路减压、复位及椎间植骨融合术,术后完全复位,随访6个月复位无丢失,内固定物无松动,患者神经功能基本恢复正常。结合文献报道的10例,共11例创伤性L₅椎体完全性前脱位,男9例、女2例,年龄18~57岁,多由高能量暴力伤导致腰骶部肿胀、疼痛、活动受限及不同程度神经功能损伤;影像学提示L₅椎体相对于骶骨椎体前移超过100%,多合并脊柱后方附属结构破坏;治疗多提倡早期手术减压、复位、内固定植骨融合术以重建腰骶段稳定性及改善神经功能状态。结论 急性创伤性L₅椎体完全性前脱位临床较为罕见,生物力学极不稳定,且多合并神经损伤。其发生机制尚存争议。早期采取手术减压、复位及融合有助于改善预后。尽管需根据具体情况采取具体手术方式,但单纯后路减压复位椎间植骨融合内固定术是处理创伤性L₅椎体完全性前脱位的一种安全、有效术式。     

Phlegmonous gastritis associated with Kaposi sarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

We report a case of phlegmonous gastritis associated with Kaposi sarcoma in a 37-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man who presented with an acute abdomen. Computed tomographic scan revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity and a thickened gastric wall. A partial gastrectomy was performed. The resected portion of stomach had a hemorrhagic, necrotic thickened wall and showed extensive, acute suppurative inflammation, especially in the submucosa, with focal transmural involvement. Beneath an area of healing ulceration, a focus of Kaposi sarcoma was present. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was grown from peritoneal fluid, and treatment with numerous antibiotics was initiated. After a difficult postoperative course that responded to 8 weeks of antibiotic therapy, the patient was medically stable and discharged from the hospital on antiretroviral therapy for HIV. Phlegmonous gastritis is a rare and rapidly progressive bacterial infection of the gastric wall. Kaposi sarcoma is one of the most common malignancies in HIV-positive patients, and gastric involvement is relatively common in those patients with systemic Kaposi sarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of phlegmonous gastritis associated with Kaposi sarcoma, and it represents a rare survival following surgical and antibiotic therapy.     

Pulmonary adenocarcinomas associated with rheumatoid nodules: a case report and review of the literature

Necrobiotic lung nodules and primary lung carcinoma both occur with some frequency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; however, few reports exist of a primary lung carcinoma occurring within a rheumatoid nodule. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman with multiple pulmonary nodules discovered incidentally by computed tomography. Although 2 of the lesions were composed solely of necrotizing granulomas, 2 additional lesions contained malignant glands at the periphery of necrobiotic nodules. Immunohistochemical staining supported the diagnosis of both tumors as primary lung carcinomas. Our literature search revealed only 2 other reported cases of adenocarcinoma occurring in association with a rheumatoid nodule; these cases, as well as the association between rheumatoid disease and malignancy, are briefly reviewed.     

Clinical diagnostic problems associated with cecal ameboma: case report and review of the literature

Amebiasis is uncommon in developed countries. Its clinical presentation can be variable and non-specific, and the diagnosis can be easily overlooked. Among the wide variety of clinicopathologic manifestations of the intestinal amebiasis, amebomas occur rarely, resulting from the formation of annular colonic granulation tissue, usually in the cecum or ascending colon. This report describes the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with a painful mass in the right hypochondrium and intermittent abdominal cramping, associated with defecation difficulty. Radiologic examination depicted thickening of the cecal wall and its ring-like stenosis in association with a mesenteric reaction. Because of concentric thickening of the cecal wall and the mass-like appearance, a preliminary clinical diagnosis of cecal cancer was made, and the patient was referred to the Clinic for surgical treatment. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen after segmental colectomy confirmed the diagnosis of cecal ameboma. The authors conclude that multiple granulomas of amebic trophozoites can be better recognized after PAS staining, and that the pathognomonic feature of protozoa-ingested red blood cells was also seen in the surgical specimen.