新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医疗机构工作人员手卫生特征的Meta分析

 目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）疫情期间医疗机构工作人员手卫生依从性的特征,提出基于循证的干预政策,以提升手卫生依从性。方法 检索2020年1月-2021年10月PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库关于新型冠状病毒疫情期间医疗机构工作人员手卫生依从性的相关文献,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料、评价质量后,采用DerSimonian和Laird模型进行Meta分析。结果 纳入手卫生依从性相关文献10篇,医疗机构工作人员2 377名。新冠肺炎疫情期间总体手卫生依从率为74%（95%CI：68%~79%）。亚组分析结果显示,医院不同职业工作人员手卫生依从率从高到低依次为护士、医生、其他员工,分别为80%（95%CI：74%~87%）、76%（95%CI：71%~81%）、70%（95%CI：62%~77%）。工作人员在接触患者体液后手卫生依从率最高（91%,95%CI：88%~94%）,而接触患者前手卫生依从率最低（68%,95%CI：62%~74%）。结论 在新冠肺炎疫情期间,医疗机构工作人员手卫生依从率有较大提升。辅助人员是手卫生依从率提升的重点关注人员,接触患者前是手卫生依从性干预的重点时刻。     

新型冠状病毒疫苗接种策略经济学评价研究进展

目的:了解国内外新型冠状病毒疫苗（新冠疫苗）接种策略相关的经济学评价研究进展,为开展基于中国真实世界证据疫苗接种策略经济学评价提供参考。方法:对中英文数据库2020年1月至2021年12月的文献进行检索,纳入新冠疫苗接种策略经济学评价研究,并对相关文献进行叙述性整合。结果:共纳入16篇英文文献（含3篇综述）,发现无论品...     

不同职业人群新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿与影响因素调查

目的 了解不同职业人群新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素,为促进全民接种工作的开展提供建议。 方法 于2021年2月12—24日抽取社区居民进行线上自填式问卷调查,单因素分析分别采用χ²检验、基于秩的非参数检验分析分类变量、定量变量,多因素分析采用二元logistic回归模型。 结果 1 076位被访者中愿意接种率为69.05%(743/1 076),其中男性接种意愿显著高于女性(P=0.002),国家规定的第一批接种人群显著高于其他职业(P＜0.001)。对疫苗的态度越积极、担心程度评分越低、可说服性评分越高,则接种意愿越高(OR=0.649,95%CI:0.579~0.726;OR=1.162,95%CI:1.111~1.215;OR=0.761,95%CI:0.723~0.801)。不愿意/不确定接种的人更担心疫苗严重不良反应或副作用、保护率低、病毒变异后失效、尚处于临床试验阶段等。 结论 国内人群新冠疫苗接种意愿不高,通过科学宣传疫苗知识、临床试验和接种反馈情况,以及国家、医务人员倡导等方式可能改善人们对新冠疫苗的接受度。     

怀化市医疗机构工作人员新型冠状病毒疫苗接种意愿及影响因素

目的 了解怀化市医疗机构工作人员新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)接种意愿及影响因素,为新冠疫苗的接种工作提供依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层抽样法选取怀化市市、县/区、乡镇三级23家医疗机构的工作人员,开展网络问卷调查;采用χ²检验、logistic回归分析其影响因素。 结果 3 392名(85.70%)调查对象愿意接种新冠疫苗;logistic回归分析显示,乡镇级、县级医疗机构调查对象、临床医生、护理人员的接种意愿更高[OR(95%CI):1.558(1.148~2.114)、1.386(1.112~1.726)、1.550(1.008~2.384)、1.747(1.165~2.618)];硕士及以上学历者接种意愿更低[OR(95%CI):0.446(0.243~0.816)];认为新冠肺炎危害严重、认可疫苗的安全性、有效性、在 2020年接种过流感疫苗者更愿意接种新冠疫苗[OR(95%CI):1.493(1.221~1.825)、2.134(1.669~2.728)、2.546(1.925~3.366)、2.185(1.287~3.709)]。 结论 怀化市医疗机构工作人员新冠疫苗的接种意愿总体较高,应加强新冠疫苗相关知识宣传,增强该人群对疫苗接种的信心,进一步提高新冠疫苗的实际接种率。     

上海市长宁区≥60岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗的接种特征及保护效率

【目的】了解上海市长宁区≥60岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗（简称“新冠疫苗”）的接种特征和疫苗对新冠病毒感染的保护效率（VE），为进一步实施老年人新冠疫苗接种策略提供参考。【方法】收集2020年12月21日—2022年2月28日长宁区≥60岁人群新冠疫苗接种数据和2022年3月1日—2022年5月31日长宁区≥60岁人群新冠病毒感染确诊病例个案数据，采用过筛法对疫苗的VE进行评价。【结果】老年人群中新冠疫苗至少部分免疫、至少全程免疫和加强免疫的接种率分别为69.89%、63.80%和31.91%,80岁及以上老年人疫苗接种率最低。疫苗对重症、危重症或死亡病例的VE最高，全程免疫的VE为96.15%(95%CI:84.15～99.06)，加强免疫的VE达100%。【结论】老年人新冠疫苗全程和加强免疫接种率偏低，特别是≥80岁的老年人。国产新冠疫苗接种对老年人新冠病毒奥密克戎BA.2变异株感染后的重症、危重症或死亡有保护效果。     

新型冠状病毒重复感染流行病学研究进展

新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株持续突变演化,新亚型免疫逃逸能力不断增强,重复感染风险增加,且两次感染时间间隔可能缩短。与初始感染相比,尽管重复感染的临床表现较轻、重症/死亡风险降低,但仍可造成超额健康风险。重复感染的发生与疫苗接种状态、个体免疫水平、年龄、职业及居住类型等因素密切相关。未及时接种疫苗者、老年人及合并多种基础疾病者尤其是初始感染的重症/危重症者为重复感染重症发生的高危人群。及时接种新型冠状病毒疫苗可在自然感染基础上对重复感染及重症提供额外保护;此外,口罩仍是抵御新型冠状病毒感染的有效工具。     

合肥市新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)紧急接种期间安全性

  目的  探讨合肥市新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)(简称新冠疫苗)在紧急接种期间的安全性,为该疫苗后期在全人群中的推广接种提供参考。  方法  在合肥市抽取19家预防接种门诊作为免疫安全性主动监测点,于2020年12月15日-2021年2月10日对合肥市接种新冠疫苗的18~59岁重点人群进行观察,对疫苗接种后不良反应发生率、不良反应类型及严重程度进行描述性分析。  结果  有效观察18 574人,累积接种新冠疫苗33 433剂次,接种发生一般不良反应713例次,发生率2.13%,第1剂次不良反应发生率为2.57%,高于第2剂次不良反应发生率1.58%(χ2=38.92, P < 0.001),2家公司生产灭活疫苗一般反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.08, P=0.082);在注射部位红肿、注射部位硬结、发热等不良事件中,1、2和3级不良事件发生率分别为0.65%、1.42%和0.06%,未发现≥4级及罕见和极罕见不良事件。  结论  国产新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)具有较高的安全性。     

孕妇新型冠状病毒肺炎及疫苗的流行病学研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种由新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）引起的急性呼吸道传染性疾病。由于妊娠期间的生理变化,孕妇易感COVID-19,尤其是新冠病毒变异株流行期间,孕妇不良妊娠结局的发生风险可能更高。目前尚缺乏孕妇接种新冠病毒疫苗（新冠疫苗）的随机临床试验证据,各国关于孕妇接种新冠疫苗的推荐存在差异,这给孕妇COVID-19的防控带来了一定挑战。本文回顾了国内外妊娠期感染新冠病毒的重要研究进展,论述了妊娠期患COVID-19对孕妇、胎儿及婴儿的危害,以及真实世界研究中妊娠期接种新冠疫苗的有效性和安全性等,以期为今后开展孕妇相关研究,制定防控措施提供参考。     

儿童和青少年新型冠状病毒感染的研究进展

随着成年人大规模接种新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)疫苗, 儿童和青少年群体由于较低疫苗覆盖率和较高接触度, 逐渐成为新冠病毒感染的脆弱人群, 有必要总结儿童和青少年群体新冠病毒感染特征、新冠病毒疫苗对于变异株的免疫效果。本文检索现有文献, 对儿童和青少年新冠病毒感染的研究进展进行综述, 分析儿童和青少年对于新冠病毒的易感性、感染者的传播力和疾病预后以及免疫应答和新冠病毒疫苗的进展等关键特征, 为新冠病毒肺炎疫情防控提供参考依据。     

25 170名小学生新型冠状病毒肺炎防护行为现况调查

目的 调查小学生在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间采取的防护行为。 方法 通过中国疾病预防控制中心微信公众号发布电子问卷,于2020年4月对学生家长开展调查。按31个省份城乡在校小学生数计算其分层权重,使用SPSS 27.0估算小学生近一周防护行为的加权比例及95%CI,采用χ²检验比较不同性别、年级、城乡、应急响应级别地区间防护行为的差异。 结果 25 170名小学生中,依从性最好的防护行为是避免乘坐公共交通工具 [96.1%(95%CI:92.8%~97.9%)] 和不参加聚会聚餐 [90.9%(95%CI:87.3%~93.6%)]。但仅64.4%(95%CI:59.1%~69.5%)遵循呼吸卫生礼仪,36.8%(95%CI:31.8%~42.0%)洗手时长≥20 s,16.8%(95%CI:13.1%~21.2%)1 d体育锻炼时间≥1 h。男、女生防护行为无统计学差异,低年级学生较少能够做到不与其他孩子一起玩耍(76.8% vs. 85.4%; χ²=293.89, P<0.05)。农村地区学生外出佩戴医用或N95口罩(72.1% vs. 83.3%; χ²=131.24, P<0.05)、回家后总是马上洗手(77.9% vs. 90.2%; χ²=228.27, P<0.01)的比例较低。不同应急响应地区间学生外出时总是携带免洗手部消毒物品的比例存在显著差异(χ²=244.16, P<0.01)。 结论 小学生对新冠肺炎防护行为的依从性较好,但仍需针对呼吸卫生礼仪、手卫生和体育锻炼等加强健康教育,设计行为干预项目。不同年级、城乡间小学生防护行为存在差异,应采取特异性干预措施。     

深圳市宝安区2007-2013年出生儿童接种1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的保护效果评价

目的 评价深圳市宝安区2007-2013年出生儿童接种1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的保护效果。 方法 获取深圳市宝安区2008-2016年水痘发病情况,选取其中2007-2013年出生儿童,其水痘免疫史从《深圳市免疫规划信息管理系统》中导出。计算水痘发病率、水痘疫苗接种率及疫苗保护效果。 结果 深圳市宝安区2007-2013年出生儿童水痘病例5 575例,突破病例833例,占14.94%。2007-2013年各年出生儿童水痘疫苗接种率逐年上升,随着水痘疫苗接种率升高,发病率下降,两者呈负相关(r=-0.963,P=0.000)。对2007年出生儿童接种1剂水痘疫苗的保护效果进行估算,总VE为74.42%(95%CI:71.30%~78.50%);接种后≤3年、接种4~5年、≥6年的VE分别为95.40%(95%CI:93.40%~96.70%)、90.80%(95%CI:88.30%~92.90%)、81.61%(95%CI:77.90%~84.60%),随着免疫后时间的延长,VE呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=62.889,P=0.000)。 结论 深圳市宝安区2007-2013年出生儿童接种1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的保护效果会逐年下降,实施2剂次水痘疫苗免疫策略十分必要。     

Effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in an urgent care setting

BackgroundIt is critical to monitor changes in vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 outcomes for various vaccine products in different population subgroups.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in patients ≥12 years who underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus from April 14 through October 25, 2021, at urgent care centers in the New York metropolitan area. Patients self-reported vaccination status at the time of testing. We used a test-negative design to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) by comparing odds of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated (n = 474,805), partially vaccinated (n = 87,834), and unvaccinated (n = 369,333) patients, adjusted for demographic factors and calendar time.ResultsVE against symptomatic infection after 2 doses of mRNA vaccine was 96% (95% Confidence Interval: 95%, 97%) in the pre-delta period and reduced to 79% (95% CI: 77%, 81%) in the delta period. In the delta period, VE for 12–15-year-olds (85%; [95% CI: 81%, 88%]) was higher compared to older age groups (<65% for all other age groups). VE estimates did not differ by sex and race/ethnicity. VE against symptomatic infection was the highest for individuals with a prior infection followed by full vaccination. VE against symptomatic infection after the 2-dose mRNA-1273 vaccine (82% [95% CI: 80%, 84%]) was higher compared to the BNT162b2 vaccine (76% [95% CI: 74%, 78%]) in the delta period. VE after 1-dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was the lowest compared to other vaccines (19% [95% CI: 15%, 23%]) in the delta period.ConclusionsVE against infection after two doses of the mRNA vaccines was high initially, but significantly reduced against the delta variant for both FDA-approved vaccines.     

Early effectiveness of BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare personnel in six Israeli hospitals (CoVEHPI)

BackgroundMethodologically rigorous studies on Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection are critically needed to inform national and global policy on Covid-19 vaccine use. In Israel, healthcare personnel (HCP) were initially prioritized for Covid-19 vaccination, creating an ideal setting to evaluate early real-world VE in a closely monitored population.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study among HCP in 6 hospitals to estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants filled out weekly symptom questionnaires, provided weekly nasal specimens, and three serology samples – at enrollment, 30 days and 90 days. We estimated VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection using the Cox Proportional Hazards model and against a combined PCR/serology endpoint using Fisher’s exact test.ResultsOf the 1567 HCP enrolled between December 27, 2020 and February 15, 2021, 1250 previously uninfected participants were included in the primary analysis; 998 (79.8%) were vaccinated with their first dose prior to or at enrollment, all with Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. There were four PCR-positive events among vaccinated participants, and nine among unvaccinated participants. Adjusted two-dose VE against any PCR-confirmed infection was 94.5% (95% CI: 82.6%-98.2%); adjusted two-dose VE against a combined endpoint of PCR and seroconversion for a 60-day follow-up period was 94.5% (95% CI: 63.0%-99.0%). Five PCR-positive samples from study participants were sequenced; all were alpha variant.ConclusionsOur prospective VE study of HCP in Israel with rigorous weekly surveillance found very high VE for two doses of Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in recently vaccinated HCP during a period of predominant alpha variant circulation.FundingClalit Health Services.     

Estimated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against seroconversion from SARS-CoV-2 Infection,March–October, 2021

BackgroundMonitoring the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections remains important to inform public health responses. Estimation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection might provide an alternative measure of the benefit of vaccination against infection.MethodsWe estimated mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against development of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in March–October 2021, during which the Delta variant became predominant. Participants were enrolled from four participating healthcare systems in the United States, and completed electronic surveys that included vaccination history. Dried blood spot specimens collected on a monthly basis were analyzed for anti-spike antibodies, and, if positive, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. We used detection of new anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection, and estimated VE by comparing 154 case-participants with new detection of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to 1,540 seronegative control-participants matched by calendar period. Using conditional logistic regression, we estimated VE ≥ 14 days after the 2nd dose of an mRNA vaccine compared with no receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine dose, adjusting for age group, healthcare worker occupation, urban/suburban/rural residence, healthcare system region, and reported contact with a person testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAmong individuals who completed a primary series, estimated VE against seroconversion from SARS-CoV-2 infection was 88.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–93.9%) after any mRNA vaccine, 87.8% (95% CI, 75.9%–93.8%) after BioNTech vaccine and 91.7% (95% CI, 75.7%–97.2%) after Moderna vaccine. VE was estimated to be lower ≥ 3 months after dose 2 compared with < 3 months after dose 2, and among participants who were older or had underlying health conditions, although confidence intervals overlapped between subgroups.ConclusionsVE estimates generated using infection-induced antibodies were consistent with published estimates from clinical trials and observational studies that used virologic tests to confirm infection during the same period. Our findings support recommendations for eligible adults to remain up to date with COVID-19 vaccination.     

Vaccine effectiveness for laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6-59 months of age, 2005-2007

To estimate the effectiveness of influenza vaccine against medical care visits for laboratory-confirmed influenza in young children we conducted a matched case-control study in children with acute respiratory illness or fever from 2005-2007. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using cases with laboratory-confirmed influenza and controls who tested negative for influenza. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine in fully vaccinated children 6-59 months of age was 56% (95% CI: 25%-74%); a significant VE was not found for partial vaccination.     

A comparison of the test-negative and traditional case-control study designs with respect to the bias of estimates of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness

Estimation of the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines via the test-negative control study design has gained popularity over the past few years. In this study design, children with severe diarrhea who test positive for rotavirus infection are considered as cases, while children who test negative serve as controls. We use a simple probability model to evaluate and compare the test-negative control and the traditional case-control designs with respect to the bias of resulting estimates of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE). Comparisons are performed under two scenarios, corresponding to studies performed in high-income and low-income countries. We consider two potential sources of bias: (a) misclassification bias resulting from imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the test used to diagnose rotavirus infection, and (b) selection bias associated with possible effect of rotavirus vaccination on the probability of contracting severe non-rotavirus diarrhea.Our results suggest that both sources of bias may produce VE estimates with substantial bias. Particularly, lack of perfect specificity is associated with severe negative bias. For example, if the specificity of the diagnostic test is 90% then VE estimates from both types of case-control studies may under-estimate the true VE by more than 20%. If the vaccine protects children against non-rotavirus diarrhea then VE estimates from test-negative control studies may be close to zero even though the true VE is 50%. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay test currently used to diagnose rotavirus infections are both over 99%, and there is no solid evidence that the existing rotavirus vaccines affect the rates of non-rotavirus diarrhea. We therefore conclude that the test-negative control study design is a convenient and reliable alternative for estimation of rotavirus VE.     

水痘疫苗在学校水痘暴发疫情中保护效果的病例对照研究

目的 评价接种1剂水痘疫苗在学校水痘暴发疫情中的保护效果(vaccine effectiveness, VE)。方法 采用1:2配对病例对照研究,收集中山市2013—2021年水痘暴发疫情调查资料,将病例数≥5例的班的所有病例（共942例）作为病例组,按1:2的比例选取同班、同年龄（±1岁）、同性别的1 884名健康儿童作为对照组,调查其水痘疫苗接种史,采用条件logistic回归分析水痘疫苗保护效果。结果 共调查3～14岁儿童2 826名,儿童接种1剂水痘疫苗的保护效果为58%（95%CI:50%～66%）,3～5岁、6～14岁儿童接种1剂水痘疫苗保护效果分别为75%（95%CI:62%～83%）和51%（95%CI:40%～61%）。儿童接种1剂后≤2年、3～5年、6～8年、≥9年的保护效果分别为78%（95%CI:66%～86%）、66%（95%CI:57%～74%）、51%（95%CI:36%～62%）、23%（95%CI:-11%～46%）。儿童接种1剂水痘疫苗的保护效果随接种后时间的延长而降低（趋势χ²=13.071,P<0.001）。结论 儿童接种1剂水痘疫苗有助于防控水痘暴发疫情,但其保护效果随接种后时间的延长而降低,难以阻断水痘传播。建议儿童及时接种2剂水痘疫苗,以预防学校水痘暴发疫情。     

Comparison of test-negative and syndrome-negative controls in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness evaluations for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States

BackgroundTest-negative design (TND) studies have produced validated estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) for influenza vaccine studies. However, syndrome-negative controls have been proposed for differentiating bias and true estimates in VE evaluations for COVID-19. To understand the use of alternative control groups, we compared characteristics and VE estimates of syndrome-negative and test-negative VE controls.MethodsAdults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in 18 states March 11–August 31, 2021 were eligible for analysis. Case patients had symptomatic acute respiratory infection (ARI) and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Control groups were test-negative patients with ARI but negative SARS-CoV-2 testing, and syndrome-negative controls were without ARI and negative SARS-CoV-2 testing. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to detect differences in baseline characteristics. VE against COVID-19 hospitalization was calculated using logistic regression comparing adjusted odds of prior mRNA vaccination between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and each control group.Results5811 adults (2726 cases, 1696 test-negative controls, and 1389 syndrome-negative controls) were included. Control groups differed across characteristics including age, race/ethnicity, employment, previous hospitalizations, medical conditions, and immunosuppression. However, control-group-specific VE estimates were very similar. Among immunocompetent patients aged 18–64 years, VE was 93 % (95 % CI: 90–94) using syndrome-negative controls and 91 % (95 % CI: 88–93) using test-negative controls.ConclusionsDespite demographic and clinical differences between control groups, the use of either control group produced similar VE estimates across age groups and immunosuppression status. These findings support the use of test-negative controls and increase confidence in COVID-19 VE estimates produced by test-negative design studies.     

Effectiveness of Covishield vaccine in preventing Covid-19 – A test-negative case-control study

IntroductionThis study aimed at assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of Covishield, which is identical to AstraZeneca vaccine, in preventing laboratory-confirmed Covid-19.MethodsUsing test-negative case-control design, information on vaccination status of cases with Covid-19 among healthcare workers in our institution in Puducherry, India, and an equal number of controls matched for age and date of testing, was obtained. The groups were compared using multivariable conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR). VE was calculated as 100*(1–adjusted odds ratio)%.ResultsUsing data from 360 case-control pairs, VE of one dose and of two doses, in providing protection against Covid-19 was 49% (95% CI: 17%-68%) and 54% (27%-71%), respectively. Among cases with moderately severe disease that required oxygen therapy, VE following any number of vaccine doses was 95% (44%-100%).ConclusionCovishield vaccine protected significantly against Covid-19, with a higher protection rate against severe forms of disease.     

应用青岛市6-13岁人群病例对照研究评价水痘减毒活疫苗保护效果

目的评价青岛市儿童水痘减毒活疫苗(Varicella attenuated live vaccine,VarV)的保护效果(Vaccine effectiveness,VE)。方法采用病例对照研究设计,选择青岛市14所学校48个班级的6-13岁学生,将2013-2018年有、无水痘发病史的学生分别纳入病例组、对照组,收集水痘发病和VarV接种信息,计算VarV的VE。结果本研究纳入532例水痘病例和1 596例对照。VarV的总体VE为51.7%(95%CI:40.9%-60.6%);接种1剂次、2剂次VarV的VE分别为44.4%(95%CI:31.5%-54.8%)、81.8%(95%CI:71.0%-88.6%)。在接种1剂次VarV后0-2、3-4、5-6、7-8、≥9年的VE分别为90.1%、64.8%、50.2%、40.8%、34.5%。结论儿童接种1剂次VarV的保护效果较差,且随着接种后时间的推移而递减;建议适龄儿童接种2剂次VarV,并纳入国家免疫规划。