Increased plasma levels of total homocysteine but not asymmetric dimethylarginine in Hispanic subjects with ischemic stroke FREC-VI sub-study

Background and purpose: Despite sharing some metabolic and pathological mechanisms, the reported association between total homocysteine (tHcy), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and stroke remains controversial, particularly in Hispanic populations from developing countries in which genetic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors are different to those described in developed countries. Our objectives were to determine the relationships of these factors to stroke and to each other independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, and to explore potential sex differences. Methods: This national (Colombia) multicenter case–control study included 238 cases and 238 controls to evaluate traditional and emerging risk factors for ischemic stroke including tHcy and ADMA plasma levels. Results: The median plasma levels of tHcy were 8.48 μM for controls and 10.01 μM for cases (P < 0.0001). Plasma levels of tHcy between 12 and 50 μM were considered moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (HtHcy). There were no differences in plasma ADMA concentration between groups (P = 0.40). Plasma levels of ADMA and creatinine were not correlated (P = 0.47). After adjusting for confounding factors, the presence of HtHcy was strongly associated with stroke (OR 8.97; P < 0.0001). The adjusted association between HtHcy and stroke in men (OR 9.98) was comparable to that in women (OR 8.98) (P = 0.41). Conclusions: In this Hispanic population, with relatively normal renal function, plasma levels of tHcy but not ADMA were associated with stroke independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.     

急性缺血性卒中患者的血尿酸水平与预后的关系

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者血尿酸水平与预后的关系。方法选取381例发病在72h内的缺血性卒中患者，观察血尿酸水平、临床表现及预后等，并对相关资料进行统计研究。结果发现血液中尿酸的浓度与患者的预后密切相关．病初尿酸浓度越高，预后越好。结论尿酸是一种强抗氧化剂．可以为急性缺血性卒中患者脑损伤提供某种程度的保护作用。     

血浆不对称二甲基精氨酸水平与颈动脉硬化之间关系的研究

目的 评价血浆不对称二甲基精氨酸水平与颈动脉硬化之间的关系,进一步研究动脉硬化及缺血性脑血管病相关的危险因素.方法 脑梗死患者32例,对照组为与脑血管病无关的同期住院患者30例.所有研究对象均行颈部血管彩超检查,并检测所有研究对象空腹不对称二甲基精氨酸水平.比较2组患者之间不对称二甲基精氨酸水平之间的差异.结果 脑梗死...     

血清miR-29联合LncRNA TUG1与ADMA对缺血性脑卒中的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨血清微小RNA-29(miR-29)联合长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)TUG1及非对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)对缺血性脑卒中的鉴别诊断价值。方法 收集2017年6月-2018年7月本院确诊的缺血性脑卒中患者110例,选取出血性脑卒中患者80例,同期纳入本院的体检健康者100例; 采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法检测血清miR-29和LncRNA TUG1表达水平; 采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清ADMA水平。结果 与出血性脑卒中组miR-29(60.7±4.3)-log,LncRNA TUG1(16.4±1.4)-log,ADMA(6.3±0.7)mIU/mL和健康对照组miR-29(62.3±4.8)-log; LncRNA TUG1(15.9±1.3)-log; ADMA(6.4±0.6)mIU/mL比较,缺血性脑卒中组血清LncRNA TUG1(43.5±3.5)-log和ADMA(11.4±1.4)mIU/mL水平显著升高,而血清miR-29(31.4±2.1)-log水平显著降低(P<0.05),而出血性脑卒中组和健康对照组血清miR-29、LncRNA TUG1及ADMA水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,血清LncRNA TUG1及ADMA水平与NIHSS评分(LncRNA TUG1:r=0.538,P=0.002; ADMA:r=0.566,P=0.001)呈正相关,而血清miR-29水平与NIHSS评分(miR-29:r=-0.545,P=0.001)呈负相关。血清miR-29、LncRNA TUG1及ADMA区分缺血性脑卒中与非缺血性脑卒中(出血性脑卒中和健康对照者)的AUC分别为0.863(95%CI=0.800～0.944,P<0.001)、0.912(95%CI=0.833～0.977,P<0.001)和0.764(95%CI=0.688～0.887,P<0.001); 敏感度及特异度分别为85.3%/82.1%、94.2%/73.5%和76.8%/81.2%; 对应的临界值分别为48.6-log、33.2-log和9.5 mIU/mL。当联合血清miR-29、LncRNA TUG1及ADMA时区分缺血性脑卒中与非缺血性脑卒中的AUC为0.945(95%CI=0.932～0.998,P<0.001),敏感度为83.8%,特异度为97.3%。结论 联合血清miR-29、LncRNA TUG1及ADMA对缺血性脑卒中具有潜在的鉴别诊断价值。     

B族维生素干预高同型半胱氨酸血症在缺血性卒中二级预防中的效果评价

目的评价B族维生素干预Hhcy在IS二级预防中的效果,为IS的二级预防提供更多的临床证据。方法 141例符合试验条件的汉族男性IS患者,随机纳入安慰剂对照组（在常规治疗的基础上添加安慰剂）或维生素干预组（在常规治疗的基础之上添加叶酸5mg/d＋维生素B620mg/d＋甲钴胺1.0mg/d）,检测入组后4周和6月时的血浆Hcy水平,同时追踪观察2组患者2a内IS再发及IS相关性死亡事件发生的情况。结果在入组后4周和6月时,维生素干预组的血浆Hcy水平明显低于安慰剂对照组（P〈0.01）;至2a随访期末,安慰剂对照组与维生素干预组IS的再发率分别为25.00%和8.82%（P〈0.05）,其中TIA的再发率分别为8.33%和2.94%（P〉0.05）,脑梗死的再发率分别为16.67%和5.88%（P〉0.05）;安慰剂对照组与维生素干预组IS相关性死亡事件的发生率分别为3.33%和1.47%（P〉0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示B族维生素干预Hhcy是IS再发的独立保护因素（OR=0.258,P〈0.05）。结论 B族维生素干预能有效降低合并Hhcy的汉族老年男性IS患者的血浆Hcy水平及IS的再发风险。     

抑郁症患者血清叶酸和维生素B12浓度研究

目的：探讨抑郁症患者血清叶酸和维生素B12浓度改变。方法：收集门诊患者76例,均符合国际疾病分类第10版抑郁症诊断标准,病程至少半年;健康对照组67名。测定血清叶酸和维生素B12浓度。结果：两组之间叶酸平均浓度和叶酸缺乏的发生差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。抑郁症组维生素B12平均浓度显著较低（P〈0．05）,维生素B12缺乏的发生率显著较高（P〈0．01）。结论：抑郁症与维生素B12缺乏有关,与叶酸无关。     

Lack of correlation between plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and pain-related behaviors in neuropathic rats

Objectives

Recent research has demonstrated elevations of ADMA levels in many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and ADMA has also been proposed as a modulator of nociception in opiate tolerance and addiction. The present study was conducted to determine whether increased level of peripheral ADMA is implicated in tactile allodynia in rats with partial tight ligation of the sciatic nerve.

Methods

Beginning from the 1st measurement after the ligation, paw withdrawal thresholds significantly reduced compared with duration-matched control animals, indicating that mechanical allodynia developed in sciatic nerve-ligated rats.

Results

In both neuropathic and control groups, plasma levels of ADMA, SDMA, l-homoarginine and l-arginine remained unchanged throughout the experiment, and there were no significant differences between two groups in different durations.

Conclusion

These results suggest that endogenous plasma ADMA, SDMA, l-homoarginine and l-arginine levels do not change during the different stages of neuropathic duration, and accordingly may not be implicated in tactile allodynia in neuropathic rats.     

Microalbuminuria in patients with acute ischemic stroke

ABSTRACT

Objective: Microalbuminuria could be detected in patients with acute stroke. However, the association between microalbuminuria and the severity of ischemic stroke has not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to systematically explore the prevalence of microalbuminuria in ischemic stroke patients, and the association of microalbuminuria with the severity of ischemic stroke, as well as the prognostic value of microalbuminuria in cerebral infarction patients.

Methods: 160 ischemic stroke patients and 54 controls were enrolled and clinical characteristics were recorded. Severity of stroke was assessed by NIHSS score at admission, and outcome was measured using mRS score. The concentration of urinary microalbumin was collected for each participant. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria and the severity of ischemic stroke, and logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the prognostic value of microalbuminuria in ischemic stroke patients.

Results: The incidence of microalbuminuria in ischemic stroke patients was 36.88%. The concentration of urinary microalbumin increased with the increasing of cerebral infarction size, and was independently correlated with NIHSS score at admission and mRS score at 3 months after onset. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, microalbuminuria was one of the independent risk factors for poor prognosis of cerebral infarction patients.

Conclusions: MAU?was?found?in?approximately?one-third of patients with acute ischemic stroke. It was correlated with the severity of cerebral infarction at admission and clinical outcomes at 3 months after onset and could be used as a potential indicator of poor prognosis in ischemic stroke patients.     

叶酸和维生素B_(12)对高Hcy急性脑梗死患者血Hcy水平及神经功能的影响

目的观察叶酸和维生素B12对高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血Hcy水平及神经功能的影响。方法选取100例高Hcy水平ACI患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上加用口服叶酸和维生素B12治疗。观察和比较2组患者治疗前后的血浆Hcy水平、血清一氧化氮(NO)水平、血清内皮素(ET)水平、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。结果观察组患者治疗后血浆Hcy水平、血清NO水平、血清ET水平均较治疗前显著改善(t=25.146、-11.405、15.493,P0.05),且均优于对照组(t=-26.364、10.550、-15.181,P0.05);2组患者治疗后NIHSS评分、ADL评分均较治疗前显著改善(t=22.802、16.870、-22.181、-11.871,P0.05),且观察组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分、ADL评分均显著优于对照组(t=-7.798、10.516,P0.05)。结论应用叶酸和维生素B12治疗ACI,能够降低血浆Hcy水平,改善血管内皮功能,促进神经功能的恢复,增强日常生活能力,有助于改善患者的生存质量和预后。     

基线尿酸水平与缺血性脑卒中患者预后的相关性

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者基线尿酸水平与临床预后的相关性。方法收集240例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,并记录基线尿酸水平,根据基线尿酸水平将研究对象分为4组,比较发病14 d及发病90 d时的神经功能情况。结果随基线尿酸水平的增高,发病14 d时神经功能缺损情况较发病1 d时好转(P0.05),4组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。发病90 d时,基线尿酸水平越高,患者的转归良好率越增高(P0.05),当尿酸高于289.55 mol/L,患者转归良好率明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随尿酸水平的增高,患者发病90 d时的不良事件的发生率无明显变化,4组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基线尿酸水平越高,患者神经功能恢复及临床转归越好。且当尿酸高于289.55 mol/L,患者转归良好率明显增高。     

缺血性脑卒中患者血浆NO浓度变化的研究

目的 研究不同类型的缺血性脑卒中患者的血浆一氧化氮（NO）浓度变化及其临床意义。方法 采用硝酸还原酶法测定230例脑梗死患者、103例腔隙性脑梗死患者以及169名正常对照者的血浆NO浓度。结果 脑梗死组血浆NO浓度与另两组相比显著增高（均P＜0．01）,而腔隙性脑梗死患者的血浆NO浓度低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论 脑梗患者急性期血浆NO浓度可作为缺血损害的一个参考指标;而腔隙性脑梗死组NO浓度下降反映患者的高血压等基础病变的存在。     

AD患者血清Hcy叶酸及维生素B_(12)与认知功能减退的关系研究

目的研究维生素B_(12)和叶酸水平以及同型半胱氨酸是否对阿尔茨海默症(AD)患者存在潜在影响。方法运用美国国立神经病学、语言障碍和卒中-阿尔茨海默病和相关疾病学会(NINCDS-ADRDA)标准严格筛选AD患者95例。从体检中心选取年龄、性别及受教育程度匹配的无脑血管病、无认知障碍的健康对照组76例。采用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法检测171例年龄≥50岁的老年痴呆患者血清维生素B_(12)和叶酸水平。采用肝素抗凝的血浆进行循环酶法Hcy测定。探讨血清低水平维生素B_(12)和叶酸以及高水平同型半胱氨酸是否是老年痴呆发生的危险因素。认知功能的评价采用目前通用的神经心理测试:中文版简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)。采用Logistic回归分析评估血清维生素B_(12)、叶酸以及同型半胱氨酸与老年痴呆患病风险的关系。结果 171例中153例叶酸正常,其中对照组79例(51.63%),实验组74例(43.27%);124例维生素B_(12)正常,其中对照组60例(48.39%),实验组64例(51.61%);101例同型半胱氨酸正常,其中对照组51例(50.50%),实验组50例(49.50%)。作各协变量调整后,AD患者血清维生素B_(12)及叶酸水平以及同型半胱氨酸与CMMES评分无相关性(P0.05)。但低血清维生素B_(12)水平以及低叶酸水平与AD患病风险相关。结论血清维生素B_(12)和叶酸水平以及同型半胱氨酸水平与AD患者认知功能之间无明显关联。低水平维生素B_(12)以及低水平叶酸可能通过某种机制增加AD患病风险,低水平同型半胱氨酸可能通过某种机制降低AD患病风险。     

Blood levels of homocysteine,cysteine, glutathione,folic acid,and vitamin B<Subscript>12</Subscript> in the acute phase of atherothrombotic stroke

Blood levels of total homocysteine (tHcy), cysteine (Cys), total and reduced glutathione (tGSH and rGSH), folic acid (FA), and vitamin B₁₂ (B₁₂) change during ischemic stroke as accompaniment of the tissue damage. The relationship between these changes remains scantly investigated. We evaluated the variation of these molecules in the 48 h after acute large artery atherothrombotic stroke (LAAS) and searched for the presence of matched variation of them. The study involved 50 subjects affected by acute LAAS and 49 healthy controls. Plasma levels of tHcy and Cys were significantly higher and serum levels of FA and B₁₂ and plasma levels of rGSH were significantly lower in the patients than in the control group. Acute LAAS was associated with increased Hcy—decreased tGSH and decreased FA/tGSH. Pathways involved in cellular stress and in tissue repair are activated during acute LAAS.     

Temporal changes of adiponectin plasma levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Its decreased levels were noted in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). Animal studies suggest that the decline of adiponectin levels in the acute IS phase is a dynamic process. The aim of the present study was to analyze the temporal expression of the adiponectin plasma levels in patients with acute IS. Thirty-one consecutive patients with first-ever IS (mean age±SD: 69·5±12·5 years; 12 women) and 26 control subjects (CS; 72·2±7·6 years; 18 women) were included into the study. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured at three time points: within first 24 hours, on Days 2–4, and on Days 5–10 days after the onset of IS. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in IS patients on admission comparing with CS (medians: 6·0 μg/ml vs. 11·3 μg/ml, respectively; P < 0·05) and continued to decline at later time points (P < 0·001).     

Cost of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Turkey

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the direct medical costs and outcomes of patients with stroke.

Material and methods

The records of the patients admitted with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke to the University of Trakya, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology were reviewed retrospectively in year 2007. Direct medical costs (total costs, radiological, laboratory, medicine, and other) were calculated, additionally cost per life saved and per life-year saved were calculated for stroke patients.

Results

The study group consisted of 328 patients (169 male/159 female) and mean age was 66.5 ± 12.4 years. Length of hospital stay was 10.7 ± 7.5 days. Mortality rate was 20.4% and the mRS score of the patients was 3.2 ± 2.1. The average cost of stroke was US$ 1677 ± 2964 (29.9% medicine, 19.9% laboratory, 12.8% neuroimaging, and 38% beds and staff). Cost per life saved and per life-year saved were US$ 2108 and US$ 1070, respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first study in order to determine direct medical cost of stroke in Turkey, therefore, it may be guideline for disease-cost management of stroke.     

丙戊酸钠对癫痫患者血同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平的影响

目的探讨丙戊酸钠(VPA)对血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸(Fol)、维生素B12(VitB12)浓度的影响。方法分别检测VPA单药治疗癫痫患者的血Hcy、Fol、VitB12浓度,并与未服用抗癫痫药的癫痫患者组及健康对照组比较。结果 VPA组患者血Hcy浓度明显高于癫痫对照组和正常对照组(P<0.01),Fol浓度低于癫痫对照组和正常对照组(P<0.05),VitB12浓度在VPA组有升高趋势。结论 VPA可引起癫痫患者血Hcy水平升高和Fol水平降低,长期服用VPA的癫痫患者应监测血Hcy、Fol、VitB12浓度,及时补充B族维生素、Fol有利于减少血栓事件的发生。     

Prognostic value of the dense middle cerebral artery sign in patients with acute ischemic stroke

The presence of a dense appearance of the horizontal part of the middle cerebral artery (the “dense middle cerebral artery sign”) was looked for on CT scans taken on admission in 90 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid artery distribution. The outcome of the 14 patients with the sign was poorer than that of 76 patients without the sign (Odds ratio 4.3). We suggest that this sign could be a useful prognostic variable in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke.

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Sommario è state ricercata retrospettivamente la presenza della immagine iperdensa del tratto orizzontale della cerebrale media (“dense middle cerebral artery sign”) negli esami TAC eseguiti in 90 pazienti consecutivi con sintomatologia riferibile ad ischemia acuta nel territorio del circolo carotideo. L'evoluzione clinica dei 14 pazienti in cui il segno della cerebrale media iperdensa è stato rilevato è stata peggiore degli altri 76 (Odds ratio 4.3). Gli autori suggeriscono che il rilievo di questo segno può rappresentare una utile indicazione prognostica precoce nei casi di ischemia cerebrale acuta.

     

Increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine correlate with adverse clinical outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, have been found in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In addition, CSF levels of ADMA are associated with the severity of vasospasm. However, the relation between CSF ADMA levels and the clinical outcome of SAH patients is still unclear. We hypothesized that elevated ADMA levels in CSF might be related to the clinical outcome of SAH patients. CSF ADMA levels were measured in 20 SAH patients at days 3–5, days 7–9 and days 12–14 after SAH onset using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cerebral vasospasm was assessed by transcranial Doppler ultra sonography. Clinical outcome at 2 year follow-up was evaluated using the Karnofsky Performance Status scale (KPS). CSF ADMA concentrations in all SAH patients were significantly increased at days 3–5 (p = 0.002) after SAH, peaked on days 7–9 (p < 0.001) and remained elevated until days 12–14 (p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, significant increases of CSF ADMA levels were found in patients both with and without vasospasm. The KPS scores significantly correlated with CSF levels of ADMA at days 7–9 (correlation coefficient = −0.55, p = 0.012; 95% confidence interval −0.80 to −0.14). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that higher ADMA level at days 7–9 predicted a poor clinical outcome at 2 year follow-up after SAH (odds ratio = 1.722, p = 0.039, 95% confidence interval 1.029 to 2.882). ADMA may be directly involved in the pathological process and future adverse prognosis of SAH.     

缺血性脑卒中病因学分型与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的关系

目的研究缺血性脑卒中病因学分型与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的关系。方法参照TOAST分型标准将2011-08—2013-12我院收治的大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中(LAA)、小动脉闭塞型脑卒中(SAO)、心源性脑卒中(CE)、其他少见病因型脑卒中(SOE)、不明原因型脑卒中(SUE)患者纳入观察组,将同期在我院接受体检的50例健康者纳入对照组,比较2组患者血清同型半胱氨酸的水平及异常例数。结果 (1)观察组患者的血清同型半胱氨酸水平高于对照组;(2)LAA组的同型半胱氨酸水平及同型半胱氨酸异常例数高于其余4组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且SAO组、CE组、SOE组、SUE组之间同型半胱氨酸水平及同型半胱氨酸异常例数无显著差异。结论缺血性脑卒中患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸水平异常升高,且以大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中患者的升高最为明显。