Impact of uncontrolled blood pressure on diagnostic accuracy of coronary flow reserve for detecting significant coronary stenosis in hypertensive patients

Background Impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with hypertension may be caused by epicardial coronary stenosis or microvascular dysfunction. Antihypertensive treatment has been shown to improve coronary microvascular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) on diagnostic accuracy of CFR for detecting significant coronary stenosis.

Methods A total of 98 hypertensive patients scheduled for coronary angiography (CAG) due to chest pain were studied. Of them, 45 patients had uncontrolled BP (defined as the office BP ≥140/90 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in general hypertensive patients, or ≥130/80 mmHg in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus), and the remaining 53 patients had well-controlled BP. CFR was measured in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) during adenosine triphosphate-induced hyperemia by non-invasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) within 48 hours prior to CAG. Significant LAD stenosis was defined as >70% luminal narrowing. Diagnostic accuracy of CFR for detecting significant coronary stenosis was analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results CFR was significantly lower in patients with uncontrolled BP than in those with well-controlled BP (2.1±0.6 vs. 2.6±0.9, P <0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis of the study showed that the value of CFR was independently associated with the angiographically determined degree of LAD stenosis (β= –0.445, P <0.0001) and the presence of uncontrolled BP (β= –0.272, P=0.014). With a receiver operating characteristic analysis, CFR <2.2 was the optimal cut-off value for detecting LAD stenosis in all hypertensive patients (AUC 0.83, 95%CI 0.75–0.91) with a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 78%, and an accuracy of 77%. A significant reduction of diagnostic specificity was observed in patients with uncontrolled BP compared with those with well-controlled BP (67% vs. 93%, P=0.031).

Conclusions CFR measurement by TTDE is valuable in the diagnosis of significant coronary stenosis in hypertensive patients. However, the diagnostic specificity is reduced in patients with uncontrolled BP.

     

Brain natriuretic peptide and copeptin levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).We explored the relationship between CVD,plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and...     

糖代谢异常人群中不同高血压亚型的心脑血管疾病风险

目的 因糖代谢异常人群的孤立性收缩期高血压(isolated systolic hypertension, ISH)、孤立性舒张期高血压(isolated diastolic hypertension, IDH)及收缩期和舒张期高血压(systolic and diastolic hypertension, SDH)相关的心脑血管疾病风险证据较少,所以本研究将探索不同高血压亚型的心脑血管疾病风险,为进一步改善识别高危人群提供科学依据。方法 本研究包括来自开滦社区队列研究的24 605例2006-2007年基线血压测量,没有服用高血压药物且没有心脑血管疾病病史的受试者。受试者根据基线血压水平分为8组：血压正常组[systolic blood pressure (SBP)<120 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)并且diastolic blood pressure (DBP)<80 mmHg)];血压高值组(120 mmHg≤SBP≤129 mmHg并且DBP<80 mmHg);Ⅰ期IDH组(SBP<130 mmHg并且80 mmHg≤DBP≤89 mm...     

慢性肾病对患者认知功能的影响及其相关因素的初步研究

目的 探讨慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)对患者认知功能的影响及其相关因素.方法 选择2014年6月至2015年6月在本院肾内科门诊就诊或住院,年龄＞18岁,诊断为慢性肾病3～5期的患者266例,根据估计肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)水平分别纳入3期CKD(CKD3)组(60 mL/min＞eGFR≥30 mL/min,92例)、4期CKD(CKD4)组(30 mL/min＞eGFR≥15 mL/min,96例)和5期CKD(CKD5)组(EGFR＜15 mL/min,78例).选择年龄、性别及教育程度相匹配的、eGFR＞ 90 mL/min、外观基本正常的人群80例作为对照组.应用简易智力状况检查法(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)检测患者智能状态;应用OLYMPUS AU2700全自动生化分析仪测定血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(UN)、尿酸(UA)、胆固醇(CHE)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);应用五分类全自动血液细胞分析仪XFA9500测定血血红蛋白(Hb)含量.应用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析.结果 对照组认知障碍发生率为7.5％;CKD3～CKD5期患者认知障碍总体发生率为33.1％.与对照组相比,CKD3期患者认知障碍发生率明显增高,MMSE评分出现显著下降(P＜0.05);CKD4期患者认知障碍发生率显著增高(P＜0.01),MMSE评分降低更显著(P＜0.01),CKD5期患者认知障碍发生率进一步增高(P＜0.01),MMSE评分进一步降低(P＜0.01).CKD患者MMSE评分与年龄、UN、Cr、UA呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),而与Hb及EGFR呈显著正相关(分别P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 CKD显著影响患者认知功能,认知障碍的发生及程度与患者血UN、Cr、UA、年龄、Hb浓度及eGFR值密切相关.     

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and prediabetes and associated risk factors: a community-based screening in Zhuhai, Southern China

Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and prediabetes has increased in China,and at different rates in different locations.Therefore a community-based screening research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of CKD and prediabetes,and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD and prediabetes in a city of Southern China.Methods A total of 7801 community residents aged 18 year and older from 6 communities were screened by a stratified random cluster sampling method.An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),albuminuria,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured.Age-standardized prevalence was calculated by the direct method with the use of data on the population distribution in China in 2006.Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD and prediabetes,and association of insulin resistance (IR) with CKD and prediabetes was analyzed.Results The age-standardized prevalence of CKD was 12.5％,eGFR ＜60 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2 was 2.7％ and ACR (albumin to creatinine ratio) ＞30 mg/g was 10.3％.The age-standardized prevalence of prediabetes was 12.1％.Logistic regression suggests that IR was a common independent risk factor of CKD and prediabetes.Further analysis show that HOMA-IR was increased with the aggravation of kidney injury and FPG.Conclusion CKD and prediabetes have become a major public health problem in Zhuhai,Southern China; insulin resistance may be an important risk factor.     

High blood pressure: definitions,prognostic, and therapeutic implications

Although it is well established that high blood pressure (BP) levels of 140/90 mmHg or higher are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality it has not been as well appreciated that lower BP levels, namely those considered to be in the "normotensive" range, also confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent data from the Framingham Heart Study have demonstrated that high normal levels (i.e. SBP = 130-139 and/or DBP = 85-89 mmHg) frequently progress to hypertension, are associated with structural and functional cardiovascular alterations, an atherogenic metabolic profile and/or a comorbid condition, and an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Factors that predispose to progression to hypertension include higher SBP and body weight at baseline and weight gain. In low risk subjects with high normal BP, nonpharmacologic measures, especially salt restriction and weight reduction are often adequate to lower BP to < or = 130/80. In those with a high cardiovascular risk profile, BP should be reduced to < or = 120/80 with nonpharmacologic measures and pharmacotherapy.     

成都市高血压人群慢性肾脏病流行病学调查研究

目的探讨成都市高血压人群中慢性肾脏病的患病情况及相关危险因素。方法从2009～2010年在成都铁路分局医院健康体检的资料中,取有完整资料的1156例高血压人群列入本次研究,根据相关疾病诊断标准对资料进行分析。结果①高血压人群清蛋白尿的患病率为23.79%,血尿的患病率为2.94%,肾功能下降的患病率为4.76%。该人群中慢性肾脏病的患病率为27.78%,知晓率为4.05%。②收缩压每升高20mmHg、舒张压和平均动脉压每升高10mmHg,清蛋白尿的患病率均明显增加。收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压与尿微量清蛋白/尿肌酐值均呈正的直线相关,舒张压和平均动脉压与eGFR值均呈负的直线相关。高血糖、高尿酸、血压未控制和高血压知晓率是清蛋白尿的独立危险因素;女性、年龄、高尿酸和高血糖是GFR下降的独立危险因素,饮酒与GFR下降呈负相关;女性是血尿的独立危险因素。结论成都市高血压人群中,慢性肾脏病的患病率较普通人群高,与血压的水平有关。控制血压、血糖和尿酸可减少CKD的发生和发展。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清维生素水平的变化及意义

目的 探讨不同分期慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清维生素水平的变化特点及其相关因素。方法 纳入2021年5月—2022年3月于我院肾病内科就诊的173例CKD患者,包括非透析CKD1-3期组59例、CKD4-5期组79例及血液透析组35例,比较各组患者临床指标的差异,分析14种维生素水平变化特点及与临床指标间的相关性。结果 88%的患者血清维生素B2、B3、B5、B6(吡哆醇)、B9、B12、25(OH)D2、25(OH)D3、E浓度均在正常参考值范围内。随着肾功能恶化,未透析患者维生素A浓度逐渐升高(P<0.05),且透析患者高于非透析患者(P<0.05)。94%的患者存在维生素B1的不足,且透析患者维生素B1浓度低于非透析患者(P<0.05),CKD4-5期组维生素B1水平低于CKD1-3期组(P<0.05)。所有非透析患者均存在25(OH)D的不足或缺乏,但CKD1-3期和CKD4-5期之间无明显差异,透析患者25(OH)D水平高于非透析患者(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示维生素A、B2、B3、B5、B7、B12、25(OH)D、E水平与eGFR均存在弱...     

Efficacy and safety of the treatment: combination of benazepril/lercanidipine vs. benazepril alone in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension

Background Combination therapy is an effective method to reduce the blood pressure (BP) for patients with hypertension. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of benazepril/lercanidipine compared with benazepril alone in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Methods One hundred and eighty-one patients with mild-to-moderate primary hypertension were assigned in this randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study and were randomly divided into group A (benazepril 10 mg/lercanidipine 10 mg) and group B (benazepril 10 mg) for 8 weeks. At 4 weeks, the dosage of Benazepril was titrated up to 20 mg if the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained ≥90 mmHg. BP control and side effects were evaluated at the end of 1, 4 and 8 weeks.

Results The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. The BP in both groups decreased from the baseline (P <0.05). At the end of 4 and 8 weeks, Benazepril/Lercanidipine produced greater BP reduction than Benazepril alone (P <0.05). The comparison of the rate of BP control for the benazepril/lercanidipine and benazepril groups at the end of 1, 4, and 8 weeks were 41.2% vs. 37.6% (P >0.05), 67.1% vs. 44.7% (P <0.05), and 71.8% vs. 45.9% (P <0.05). There was no significant difference of side effects between the two groups.

Conclusion The benazepril/lercanidipine combination is more effective in reducing BP than benazepril alone, while it does not increase the incidence of side effects.

     

慢性肾脏病患者贫血患病现况调查

 目的 了解慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）患者的贫血患病情况及其相关因素。方法 收集2007年1月至3月在复旦大学附属中山医院肾脏科门诊及住院的CKD患者的临床和实验室检查资料,调查CKD患者贫血患病率,对肾性贫血发病的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 根据K/DOQI和我国贫血诊断标准,845例CKD患者的贫血患病率分别为69.47%和56.09%。根据K/DOQI贫血诊断标准,年龄<30岁、30~50岁、50~70岁、>70岁患者贫血患病率依次为47.83%、63.20%、71.95%、82.99%;CKD Ⅰ~Ⅴ期患者贫血患病率依次为22.00%、36.96%、45.4%、85.11%和98.29%;经eGFR矫正后,各种不同肾脏基础疾病患者的贫血患病率由高到低依次为糖尿病肾病（76.83%）、高血压肾病（67.49%）、慢性肾小球肾炎（66.05%）和多囊肾（61.45%）（P<0.05）;透析组与非透析组CKD患者的贫血患病率分别为98.24%和52.05%（P<0.001）。单因素分析表明,年龄、肾功能及透析方式均与贫血患病率相关,多因素Logistic回归分析表明仅肾功能情况与贫血患病率有显著相关性（P<0.05）。结论 慢性肾脏病患者贫血患病率高,发病早。肾功能减退、年龄等是贫血发生的危险因素。     

女性冠心病患者血压控制达标率的现状调查

目的了解中国女性冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD）患者血压达标现况。探讨影响女性CHD患者血压达标的相关危险因素。方法入选2006年6月至2007年1月,上海、北京、天津、广东、浙江和新疆等6个地区城市66家医院心内科门诊诊断为CHD的女性患者。将血压≤130/80 mmHg作为CHD患者血压达标目标值。结果女性CHD患者血压达标率为16.7%。血压非达标组总胆固醇≥5.7mmol/L及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）〉3.6mmol/L患者比例高于血压达标组（P〈0.01）。二分类Logistic向前逐步回归分析显示,影响女性CHD患者血压达标的相关因素的OR值分别为：糖尿病家族史1.70（95%CI：1.02～2.82）、LDL-C〉3.6 mmol/L者1.92（95%CI：1.34～2.76）、办公室工作者0.66（95%CI：0.48～0.90）。收缩压〈110 mmHg和（或）舒张压〈60 mmHg组急性心肌梗死史、冠脉造影显示≥2支冠脉病变及有介入手术史的患者比例均高于收缩压≥110 mmHg且舒张压≥60 mmHg组（P〈0.05）。结论我国女性CHD患者的血压达标率较低,糖尿病家族史及LDL-C〉3.6 mmol/L是影响女性CHD患者血压达标的危险因素。     

慢性肾脏病患者血压控制情况及影响血压达标的因素

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血压控制情况以及影响血压达标的因素.方法 采用单中心、前瞻性队列研究方法,入选260例CKD患者,按照《慢性肾脏病及透析的临床实践指南》(K/DOQI指南)对入选患者进行血压干预,随访1年,然后评价患者的血压改善情况,分析影响血压控制的因素.结果 CKD患者血压的降低与蛋白尿的降低有关.logistic回归分析发现尿蛋白含量≥1.0g/24 h、基线收缩压高和基线舒张压高是血压未达标组的独立影响因子;文化水平高是血压达标组的独立影响因子.结论 CKD患者的血压经过肾病学专家的调理有望得到改善.高的基线血压和尿蛋白水平(≥1.0g/24 h)是影响血压达标的主要因素.     

Assessment of some cardiovascular risk factors in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Southern Nigeria

Background:

Cardiovascular risk factors are responsible for cardiovascular disease and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Prompt evaluation, modification, and treatment of these factors in predialysis patients will reduce morbidity and mortality. This study assessed some cardiovascular risk factors in predialysis CKD patients in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Patients and Methods:

This was a case–control study that involved 76 consecutive predialysis CKD patients and 38 age-and sex-matched controls without CKD over 1 year period. Both groups were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors, and comparisons were made. A P value of <0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

The mean ages of the CKD versus control group were 48.00 ± 15.28 versus 45.34 ± 15.35 years. The male:female ratio was 1.7:1 for both groups. The common etiologies of CKD in this study were hypertension 30 (39.5%), diabetes mellitus 23 (30.3%), and chronic glomerulonephritis 19 (25%). There were 38 (50%) in CKD stage 3, 31 (40.8%) in CKD stage 4, and 7 (9.2%) in CKD stage 5. The common cardiovascular risk factors found in the CKD versus control were hypertension (96.1% vs. 42.1%), anemia (96.1% vs. 23.7%), left ventricular hypertrophy (77.6% vs. 23.7%), dyslipidemia (67.1% vs. 39.5%), hypocalcemia (60.1% vs. 18.5%), hyperphosphatemia (63.2% vs. 0%), and hyperuricemia (57.9% vs. 15.8%). These risk factors were significantly higher in CKD group. Hyperphosphatemia and hypoalbuminemia significantly increased across CKD stages 3–5. Anemia was significantly more common in males whereas dyslipidemia was more common in female CKD patients.

Conclusion:

Cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent in predialysis CKD subjects even in early stages. Hypoalbuminemia and hyperphosphatemia significantly increased across the CKD stages 3–5 whereas anemia and dyslipidemia showed significant gender differences. Cardiovascular risk factors should be treated early in predialysis CKD patients.     

非透析性慢性肾脏疾病患者肾功能与血脂相关性研究

目的：通过对非透析性慢性肾病患者（CKD）血脂[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（I。DL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）]及肾功能[血肌酐（Cr）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）]进行检测分析,探讨非透析性慢性肾脏病患者的血脂水平和肾功能之间的相关性。方法：采用全自动生化仪测定血脂水平和Cr浓度;采用肾动态显像做肾图检查,运用Gares法计算GFR。比较非透析性CKD患者和健康对照组的血脂和肾功能,运用线性回归分析TC、TG、LDL和HDL水平与Cr和GFR的相关性。结果：非透析性CKD患者的TC、TG、LDL水平及Cr、GFR和对照组差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。线性回归显示,非透析性CKD患者的Cr水平与TC、TG、LDL水平呈正相关（P〈0．01）,GFR与TC、TG、LDL水平呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：非透析性CKD患者肾脏功能的恶化与血脂紊乱密切相关,是CKD进行性恶化的重要危险因素。     

3547例慢性肾脏疾病患者分期及相关因素分析

目的：慢性肾脏病（CKD）是人类面临的主要健康问题之一,本研究调查了中南大学湘雅二医院肾内科CKD患者的分期情况及病因、年龄、性别等相关因素分析。方法：回顾性分析2003年1月到2008年12月6年间中南大学湘雅二医院肾内科收住的3 547例CKD3期及以上的第一次住院患者（≥14岁）的资料,参照NKF-K/DOQI指南的标准来定义CKD,按照简化的MDRD公式求eGFR[eGFR=186.3×血肌肝（SCr）^-1.154×年龄^-0.203×0.742（女性）mL/min·1.73 m^2]。记录患者的性别、年龄、住院号、病因及功能诊断、病程、收缩压和舒张压、血红蛋白、尿量、肾功能、血白蛋白、肾脏B超、治疗方式等项目,并进行统计分析。结果：（1）原发性肾小球疾病、高血压病和糖尿病是导致CKD的主要病因,分别占55.20%,14.55%和11.78%。6年间的病因构成无明显差异（P〉0.05）。但病因构成中慢性肾小球肾炎比例有所下降,而高血压肾病、糖尿病肾病的比例有所上升。（2）CKD3期到5期患者所占比例分别为11.59%,23.03%和65.38%。41～60岁的患者占CKD的39.24%,大于60岁的患者占CKD的36.88%。慢性肾小球肾炎患者的年龄常见于21～40和41～60岁年龄组。狼疮性肾炎患者年龄较轻,21～40岁占48.35%。高血压肾病和糖尿病肾病患者年龄较大,95%以上见于40岁以上患者。（3）梗阻性肾病、痛风性肾病多发于男性,而狼疮性肾炎以女性多见。（4）大多数CKD患者伴贫血（94.28%）和高血压（56.91%）,且随CKD病程进展,贫血、高血压发生率及严重程度增高（P〈0.005）。（5）CKD5期患者2 319例,926例行血透,181例行腹透。结论：CKD病因前3位依次为慢性肾小球肾炎,高血压肾病,糖尿病肾病。糖尿病肾病和高血压肾病的比例呈上升趋势。CKD3期到5期患者中以5期患者居多,老年人是CKD的高危人群。     

Association of Visit-to-Visit Variabilities in Metabolic Factors with Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Adults Living in Shanghai

Objective This study aimed to examine the association of visit-to-visit variabilities in metabolic factors with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Shanghai community residents. Methods We used data from a cohort study of community residents who participated in three examinations in 2008, 2009, and 2013, respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels were determined in 2,109 participants at all three visits, and CKD was evaluated between the second and the third visits. Visit-to-visit variabilities in metabolic factors were described by coefficients of variation (CV) at three visits. A variability score was calculated by adding the numbers of metabolic factors with a high variability defined as the highest quartile of CV. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio≥ 30 mg/g. Results A total of 200 (9.5％) participants had CKD at the third visit. Compared with the lowest quartile of CV, the highest quartile was associated with a 70％ increased risk of CKD for FPG [odds ratio, OR =1.70; 95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.72], 62％ for systolic BP (OR = 1.62, 95％ CI 1.04–2.50), and 85％for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 1.85, 95％ CI 1.23–2.80). Furthermore, the risk of CKD increased significantly with an increasing variability score. Compared with participants with score 0, participants with scores of 1, 2, and 3 were associated with 58％ (OR = 1.58, 95％ CI 1.08–2.32), 121％(OR = 2.21, 95％ CI 1.40–3.49), and 548％ (OR = 6.48, 95％ CI 3.18–13.21) higher risks of CKD, respectively. Conclusion The visit-to-visit variabilities in metabolic factors were significantly associated with the risks of CKD in Shanghai community residents.     

解读2004年《中国高血压防治指南》

2004年指南将正常血压定为<16.0/10.6 kPa(120/80 mmHg)。心血管危险因素及靶器官损害指标增加了低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、腹型肥胖(腰围)、C反应蛋白、微量白蛋白尿以及颈动脉壁内膜中层增厚(IMT≥0.9 mm)。指南确定高血压患者降压治疗目标是18. 6/12. 0 kPa(140/90 mmHg)以下,有糖尿病或肾病的高血压患者17.3/10.6 kPa(130/80 mmHg)以下,调整老年单纯收缩期高血压的降压目标值为20.0/12.0 kPa(150/90 mmHg)以下。     

早发冠心病不同性别患者临床危险因素和冠脉特点的对比研究

目的 探讨早发冠心病患者冠心病危险因素和冠脉病变特点的性别差异.方法 260例经冠状动脉造影确诊的早发冠心病患者,男性130例,女性130例,对其血脂异常、糖尿病、抽烟、冠心病家族史、高血压和既往缺血性脑卒中史等危险因素和冠状动脉造影病变特点进行分析.结果 在早发冠心病患者中,女性组高血压和糖尿病患病率明显高于男性组（P＜0.05）,而在男性组吸烟率明显增加（P＜0.05）.体重指数、高脂血症、既往脑卒中史和冠心病家族史在2组间未见显著差异（P＞0.05）.2组冠脉病变均以单支病变占优势（P＜0.05）,2组间冠脉病变特征无显著差异（P＞0.05）.结论 在早发冠心病患者中,吸烟是男性患者的主要危险因素,而高血压病和糖尿病是女性患者的主要危险因素.两者冠脉病变特点无显著差异.     

Ⅲ-V期慢性肾病患者贫血的危险因素分析

目的调查Ⅲ～V期慢性肾病（cKD）患者贫血的发生率及相关危险因素。方法随机选择我院2010年2月至2013年2月诊断为慢性肾脏病并肾小豫滤过率低于60ml／min患者218例,分析患者临床资料及其与贫血发生的相关性。结果Ⅲ～V期慢性肾病患者中贫血发生率分别为49．2％、82．9％和95．6％。透析患者的贫血发生率（95．9％）较非透析患者（66．9％）高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。单因素分析显示年龄、CKD分期、是否透析、白蛋白及血钙水平、体重指数、尿渗透浓度、N-乙酰—β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、血清EPO水平与贫血的发生率有关（P〈0．05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示仅CKD分期、白蛋白及血钙水平与贫血的发生显著相关（P〈0．05）。结论CKD分期晚、白蛋白及血钙水平低是Ⅲ～V期慢性肾病患者发生贫血的相关危险因素。     

非透析慢性肾脏病患者高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率及影响因素分析

目的 探讨和分析非透析慢性肾脏病（ND-CKD）患者高同型半胱氨酸（HHcy）血症的发生率及影响因素。方法搜集460例ND-CKD患者的临床资料,按照同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）诊断标准分为HHcy组（244例）与非HHcy组（216例）;依据肾小球滤过率(GFR),将患者分为GFR≥60 mL/min·（1.73 m2）（176例）,即慢性肾脏病（CKD）1~2期;GFR＜60 mL/min·（1.73 m2）（284例）,即CKD 3~5期。通过单因素分析比较两组患者的临床资料,采用logistic回归分析研究ND-CKD患者发生HHcy血症的影响因素,最后采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线研究ND-CKD患者发生HHcy血症的预测指标。结果460例ND-CKD患者中,HHcy血症的患病率为53.00%,其中CKD 1~5期各期HHcy血症的患病率分别为7.40%、13.50%、24.60%、25.00%、29.50%。logistic回归分析显示ND-CKD患者发生HHcy血症的影响因素包括：CKD分期(OR=0.669)、舒张压(OR=0.942)、三酰甘油(OR=0.416)、尿酸（OR=0.996）、24 h尿蛋白定量(OR=1.669);尿酸（OR=4.549）、三酰甘油（OR=0.543）是ND-CKD患者1～2期发生HHcy血症的影响因素;CKD分期（OR=0.250）、舒张压(OR=0.920)、肌酐（OR=1.050）、尿素氮（OR=0.539）、尿酸（OR=1.004）、三酰甘油（OR=0.769）、24 h尿蛋白定量（OR=0.515）是ND-CKD患者3~5期发生HHcy血症的影响因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示CKD分期是预测ND-CKD患者发生HHcy血症的较好指标,尤其是对于3~5期的ND-CKD患者。结论随着CKD分期的增加,HHcy血症的发生率逐渐增高及影响血Hcy水平升高的因素也越来越多,重视CKD患者Hcy水平的检测并早期给予干预,可预防或延缓CKD患者心血管事件的发生。