眶、额、鼻陈旧性骨折的整复

目的探讨眼眶、额、鼻陈旧性骨折的整复方法.方法陈旧性眶、额、鼻骨折27例中4例用局部切口外固定,13例经下睑下切口,7例经下睑下切口和柯陆氏手术联合径路,3例用头皮冠状切口(包括1例半冠状切口).3例伤期在1月内行局部切口复位固定,24例行眶、额、鼻部植骨,伴眼球移位的患者行眼球复位术.结果23例临床效果满意,4例效果不理想,2次手术整复2例治愈.结论眶、额、鼻区骨折多伴有严重的颅脑损伤,早期常以急救治疗为主,以至此区的损伤不能得到及时治疗,致使眶、额、鼻区和眼球凹陷及复视、运动障碍等,根据病情行手术整复可取得满意效果.     

鼻内镜下治疗广泛眶内壁骨折21例

2002年9月~2004年9月我科在鼻内镜下治疗广泛眶内壁骨折引起的眼球内陷、眼肌嵌顿者21例,取得了较满意的效果,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组21例,男18例,女3例;年龄18~46岁。均为眼钝伤,术前查伤侧裸眼视力为0.3~1.2。眶CT显示:单侧广泛的眶内壁骨折,致眼球内陷,内直     

鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术

目的：探讨应用鼻内镜下经筛窦行眶壁骨折整复术，方法：鼻内镜下经前鼻孔进入开放筛窦，将嵌入筛房的眶脂肪及内直肌还纳回眶内，应用1mm厚硅胶板修补充填孔洞，结果：40例患者，平均术后随访12个月，复视消失，眼球内陷矫正，无硅胶排异，结论：鼻内镜下经窦行眶内壁骨折整复术，具有皮肤无瘢痕，手术损伤小，并发症少，且手术安全可靠等优点。     

鼻内镜下行爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折整复术的临床观察

以往对爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折的治疗均采用内眦皮肤切口，愈后遗留瘢痕，手术创伤大，并发症多。我院自1999年4月∽2003年3月开展鼻内镜下爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折整复术，取得较好疗效，报告如下。     

鼻内窥镜下经筛窦治疗爆裂性眶内壁骨折

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下经筛窦治疗爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折的可行性。方法：在鼻内窥镜下采用经筛窦术式治疗１６例爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折病人,对其效进行分析。结果：随访０．５￣１．０年,１６例病人１４例治愈,２例好转。结论：鼻内窥镜下经筛窦径路治疗爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折方法可行,不须做颜面部切口,视野清晰,不增加眶内新的损伤,术后反应轻,恢复快。     

鼻内镜下行爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折整复术42例报告

以往对爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折的治疗均采用内眦皮肤切口，愈合后遗留瘢痕，手术创伤大，并发症多.我院1999年7月～2003年9月开展鼻内镜下爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折整复术，取得较好疗效，报道如下。     

爆裂性眶壁骨折伴眶内容嵌顿的手术治疗

爆裂性眶壁骨折较为常见,但发生眶内容嵌顿较少见.当眼外肌发生嵌顿时,易致复视,须手术复位,以达到理想视力及眼位.近年我们诊治了爆裂性眶壁骨折导致眼外肌嵌顿4例,术后效果良好.现报告如下.     

眼眶爆裂性和非爆裂性复杂骨折经鼻人路的手术治疗

目的 探讨眼眶爆裂性骨折和非爆裂性复杂骨折的诊断与经鼻入路手术整复的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性总结2000-2009年经鼻入路手术治疗的41例眼眶骨折(爆裂性和非爆裂性复杂骨折分别有35例和6例)患者的诊断方法及手术疗效.患者主要表现为复视、眼球内陷及颌面部畸形等.手术方法主要包括:鼻内镜经鼻腔筛窦入路手术修补筛窦型,经鼻腔外侧壁入路修补上颌窦型,联合进路修复筛上颌窦型;鼻内镜与颅、颌面、鼻腔联合进路修复眶-上颌-颧弓复杂骨折.结果 35例爆裂性骨折术后29例复视消失,6例术后轻度复视,其中4例术后6个月恢复正常,另外2例仍有轻度复视.33例眼球内陷者术后即完全矫正,2例术后改善为轻度内陷.非爆裂性骨折眶-上颌-颧弓复杂骨折6例,4例术后复视和眼球内陷消失,颌面骨外形基本恢复正常,1例轻度复视和眼球轻度内陷,1例无复视有眼球轻度内陷,颌面骨外形轻度改变.结论 经鼻入路手术可有效治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折和非爆裂性复杂骨折所致的眼球内陷和复视,且该术式具有术中组织损伤小,并发症少的优点.     

鼻内窥镜下经筛窦治疗爆裂性眶内壁骨折

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下经筛窦治疗爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折的可行性。方法：在鼻内窥镜下采用经筛窦术式治疗16例爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折病人,对其疗效进行分析。结果：随访0．5～1．0年,16例病人14例治愈,2例好转。结论：鼻内窥镜下经筛窦径路治疗爆裂性眶内侧壁骨折方法可行,不须做颜面部切口,视野清晰,不增加眶内新的损伤,术后反应轻,恢复快。     

鼻内镜下眼眶内侧壁骨折的复位及重建的效果研究

目的探讨鼻内镜下眼眶内侧壁骨折复位及其重建的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年10月-2013年10月诊治的10例眼眶内侧壁骨折患者的临床资料,分析其眼眶内侧壁骨折复位及接受重建手术的诊治过程,并术后随访观察。结果 10例眼眶内侧壁骨折患者均接受骨折复位及重建手术,2周后所有患者鼻腔眼眶内部异物反应消失,无溢泪现象,且脸部恢复情况较好,眼球整体恢复情况较好,无1例出现眼球内陷症状,手术3个月内复视现象基本恢复,无严重并发症。结论眼眶内侧壁骨折患者采用鼻内镜下重建手术方案,能够有效缩短患者手术恢复时间,且手术操作比较方便,创伤较小,符合现代美容学要求,值得推广。     

Air bag-induced orbital blow-out fractures

RATIONALE: Although air bags have decreased the risk of serious injury from motor vehicle crashes, their deployment is not innocuous and can result in injury. The force of the deploying air bag can cause orbital blow-out fractures. We investigated the circumstances that predispose a crash occupant to this particular injury. STUDY DESIGN: The authors conducted a case series. METHODS: A total of 150 orbital fractures occurred among 2,739 occupants in crashes included in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database from January 1997 to July 2005. Ten orbital blow-out fractures attributed solely to air bag deployment were extracted and four reported in depth. Occupant, vehicle, and crash characteristics were reviewed for predisposing similarities and to investigate the mechanism of injury. RESULTS: All crashes had air bag deployment and a frontal or near-frontal principle direction of force. Nine of 10 injured occupants were positioned within the air bag's deployment zone at the time of impact as a result of a forward seat track position, falling asleep at the wheel, being unrestrained, or having decelerated before impact. Six of 10 occupants experiencing orbital blow-out fractures were of shorter than average height. Based on rigorous crash reconstructions, the orbital blow-out injuries were felt to be causally related to air bag deployment. CONCLUSION: Air bag deployment may result in orbital blow-out fractures. Occupants positioned in close proximity to the air bag during its deployment phase appear to be at increased risk for orbital blow-out fractures.     

鼻侧切开术中泪道的处理方法

目的探讨鼻侧切开术中泪道的处理方法。方法鼻侧切开术中将骨性泪道全程开放,充分暴露泪囊和鼻泪管,良性病变应尽量保留膜性泪道;早期局限性恶性肿瘤,应根据骨性泪道的骨质情况决定泪道的保留与否,如骨性泪道骨质完好,在去除病变的基础上对膜性泪道予以保留,如骨性泪道有可疑骨质破坏,应将膜性泪道切除,利用残余泪囊下端行泪囊鼻腔吻合。结果31例患者术后未出现溢泪及泪道感染。结论鼻侧切开术中正确处理泪道,可提高患者生活质量。     

儿童眶底骨折的特点及治疗

本文报道应用CT扫描诊断的20例儿童眼底骨折的特点与治疗经验。男性15例,女性5例,年龄4～14岁。其中撞击伤12例,车祸5例,摔伤3例。手术治疗17例,保守治疗3例。眼球陷没治愈率100％;复视治疗成功率95％,失败率5％。本文就儿童眼底骨折的特点、诊断和治疗、手术适应证及手术方法进行讨论,认为早期诊断、早期治疗及术后早期运动训练是此病获得治愈的关键。     

A different approach to orbital blow out fractures: microscope-assisted reconstruction of the orbital floor

To describe a different surgical approach to treat pediatric orbital floor fractures. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy who underwent a microscope-assisted repair of his orbital floor fracture 6 weeks after his injury. The microscope provided excellent visualization of the entire orbital floor defect and facilitated placement of a polyethylene implant. The repair was achieved without complications, and follow-up examinations demonstrated improvement in patient's enophthalmos and diplopia. We noted significant advantages with a microscope-assisted repair over an endoscopic technique for this condition. The operating microscope allows for two-handed surgery, does not require withdraw of the endoscope for cleaning, and provides depth of field. A larger patient population and longer follow-up are needed to better assess the clinical efficacy of this technique.     

带有真皮下血管网脂肪片I期重建颅底缺损

目的 探索颅底手术缺损后重建,提供一种简便可靠的颅底缺损重建并降低手术并发症的方法.方法 使用带有真皮下血管网脂肪片对19例颅底缺损的患者进行Ⅰ期缺损修复,通过临床观察和MRI检查判断重建效果.结果 19例患者中18例脂肪片修复成功,3例出现轻度脑脊液漏,1例出现严重颅内感染并脂肪片脱落.远期均获得满意效果.结论 带有...     

鼻内窥镜技术在面中部骨折治疗中的应用

报告8例面中部骨折病人，其中鼻额筛复合骨折6例，击出性骨折（眶底暴折）2例。治疗中结合鼻内窥镜技术，获得了术前诊断明确，术中操作细致、准确，术后恢复迅速，8例均治愈出院，随访半年～1年疗效满意。     

Orbit and orbital apex

Pathology affecting the orbit and orbital apex is diverse and heterogeneous. Many of the differential pathologies require management in a multidisciplinary team involving both otolaryngology and ophthalmology. This article discusses the differential pathologies. Emphasis has been placed on Graves orbitopathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, and the indications for decompression in each. The differential diagnosis for a lesion within the orbit and orbital apex is diverse. The presentation, investigation, and appropriate management of these conditions is discussed with emphasis on traumatic optic neuropathy and Graves orbitopathy.