HPLC法测定国内工业大麻花叶原料中四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚和大麻二酚酸的含量

建立了2种HPLC法分别测定国内工业大麻花叶原料中四氢大麻酚(1)、大麻二酚(2)和大麻二酚酸(3)的含量.色谱柱采用Agilent Extend C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),检测波长为220 nm.以乙腈∶0.1％磷酸溶液(76∶24)为流动相测定1含量;另以0.1％磷酸溶液为流动相A,乙腈为流动...     

大麻中活性成分的气相色谱分析法及国内主要产区大麻活性成分含量的普查

采用有机溶剂提取大麻活性成分后，再用气相色谱内标法检测大麻中大麻二酚（CBD）、△^9－四氢大麻酚（△^9－THC）和大麻酚（CBN）三种活性成分的方法，方法简便，结果准确。用于全国十个省市大麻样品的检测，对其中大麻主要产区－－新疆和云南大部分地区大麻活性成分含量进行了普查，从而取得了我国大麻中活性成分含量情况的第一手资料。在检测方法建立过程中，作者成功地从大麻植物中提取分离出CBD、△^9－THC和CBN对照品。解决了检测中面临的难题。     

大麻提取物减轻神经性疼痛

英国学者报道屈大麻酚(dronabinol，△^9四氢大麻酚)(Ⅰ)与或不与大麻二酚(cannabidiol)(Ⅱ)合用，都可减轻臂丛神经根撕脱伴随的神经性疼痛。在三个时期交叉试验中，48名至少一条臂丛神经根撕脱的患者随机接受口腔粘膜喷(Ⅰ)／(Ⅱ)(GW-1000-02，Sativex)，单用(Ⅰ)(GW-2000-02)和安慰剂治疗。     

不同基质中大麻素分析方法研究进展

大麻素是大麻植物中特有的一类化合物,具有多种生物活性,已被广泛应用于药品、食品、化妆品及纺织品等行业。但是,大麻含有致幻类物质Δ9-四氢大麻酚,这使得大麻的应用受到法律的约束。因此,建立便捷、高效、环保、价廉的分析方法对保证大麻原料及大麻素类产品安全性和有效性尤为重要。然而,由于大麻素较差的稳定性及其在不同基质中产生的基质效应,使分析工作异常复杂。目前关于大麻素的质量控制尚未有统一的标准,而且分析方法复杂多样。基于以上问题,本文介绍了大麻素的分类,阐述了大麻植株、生物样品、食品、化妆品和纺织品中大麻素的分析方法,展望了大麻素分析方法今后的发展方向,以期为大麻的进一步开发及合理化应用提供有益帮助。     

大麻二酚抗类风湿关节炎作用研究

目的 观察工业大麻中提取分离得到的大麻二酚的抗类风湿关节炎作用.方法 建立角叉菜胶致大鼠急性炎症模型和佐剂诱导的大鼠关节炎模型,测定大麻二酚5、7.5、10和20 mg/kg各剂量组大鼠灌胃后不同时间的肿胀值变化,并与艾瑞昔布阳性对照组比较.结果 与角叉菜胶致大鼠急性炎症模型组相比,大麻二酚各剂量给药组大鼠肿胀值均下降,并随给药剂量和时间的增加抗炎作用逐渐增强,其中20 mg/kg大麻二酚给药后3h肿胀值和肿胀率均较阳性对照组降低,但差异均无统计学意义;与佐剂诱导的大鼠关节炎模型组相比,大麻二酚各给药组显示出一定的量效关系,且10 mg/kg大麻二酚剂量组给药后第12d以及20 mg/kg剂量组给药后第10和12d的肿胀值和肿胀率均显著降低(P＜0.05,P＜ 0.01),而大麻二酚各剂量组与阳性对照组相比差异并无统计学意义.结论 大麻二酚对角叉菜胶致大鼠急性炎症和佐剂诱导的大鼠关节炎模型均有一定作用.     

大麻素及大麻受体与系统性红斑狼疮疾病治疗的相关研究进展

研究大麻受体在免疫细胞上的表达情况以及可能对系统性红斑狼疮发病产生的影响,进而研究对自身免疫病发生与发展的调节机制。系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种较为常见的由于免疫系统异常、反应过激造成的全身性自身免疫病。最近已有研究表明,大麻素受体在免疫细胞表面有表达,且大麻素通过与免疫细胞表面的大麻素受体（CB1和CB2）结合对免疫系统可能有一定的抑制效果,进而发挥免疫调节的作用影响自身免疫病的进程。     

我国大麻滥用的历史和现状

<正>目前,在地域分布上,我国大麻滥用存在区域不平衡问题,新疆地区高发,但大麻滥用正在向全国范围内不断扩大。伴随大麻种植、制造、运输、贩卖更加灵活、隐蔽,大麻的危害性也越来越大。本文搜集CNKI、维普等中文数据库和网页中关于我国大麻滥用的资料,并作简单综述。迄今为止,搜索CNKI和维普发现,关于我国大麻滥用的报道几乎都局限于新疆[1-2],尚未见全国范围内大麻滥用的报道。大麻分布广、生长快、易获     

大麻二酚类药物在我国面临的问题与探讨

目的：大麻二酚是大麻植物中存在的一种大麻素类物质。欧美国家已经批准其用于癫痫的治疗。 在我国,大麻二酚作为四氢大麻酚的同分异构体,按照第一类精神药品进行监管,尚未有此类药品上市。本研究旨在探讨大麻二酚类药物研发、生产、上市过程中存在的监管问题,提出可行性监管途径, 促进此类药品在国内的研发和应用。方法：通过梳理《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》《关于麻醉药品和精神药品实验研究管理规定的通知》,以及云南、黑龙江两省的地方规定,结合大麻二酚成瘾性和医疗价值,探讨工业大麻种植、大麻二酚类药物实验研究立项和生产中存在的监管问题,并提出针对性建议。结果与结论：大麻二酚类药物不具有成瘾性,在神经精神疾病中具有重要临床价值。目前监管法规对大麻二酚类药物实验研究立项存在一定的限制。工业大麻种植监管存在一定的空白。建议在借鉴国内已有经验的基础上,平衡好药品的可及性和滥用风险,有计划、有步骤地推动大麻二酚类药物的发展, 促进其在国内的研发和临床应用,助力神经精神疾病的临床治疗。     

大麻的潜在医疗价值及使用风险

目前大麻是全球年销量最大、使用范围最广的一类成瘾性物质。然而由于大麻具有止痛、抗惊厥、抗炎等药理作用,一些国家将大麻列为合法的医用产品。近年来,由于部分国家通过大麻合法化政策,大麻的医用价值与使用风险引发了广泛关注。从大麻植物中可以提取出百余种大麻素,其中最主要的化学成分是δ-9-四氢大麻酚(δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol,THC)和大麻二酚(Cannabidiol, CBD)。大麻的医疗作用主要与THC、CBD和其他大麻素化合物的作用有关。但是THC具有较强的精神活性,在使用时会带来滥用、成瘾等诸多风险,因此应严格依法依规进行临床应用。目前研究显示,CBD无成瘾性,且耐受性良好,具有一定医用价值。本文主要从大麻在疾病治疗中的应用及使用风险两方面进行综述,以期为后续评估大麻使用的利弊以及修订、制订大麻相关政策提供理论依据。     

大麻的生物学效应(二)

<正> 3大麻的潜在医疗价值 大麻的医疗作用有其悠久的历史。早在公元前2000多年的古埃及和中国,就有使用大麻治病的记载。大麻传入西方要归功于在印度服务的英国陆军医生。他观察到大麻有抗惊厥、镇痛、抗焦虑和镇咳     

Haemolytic activity of hemp dust and crude hemp antigen in vitro

Hemp dust and crude hemp antigen (CHA) interacted similarly with human and sheep erythrocytes. Hemp dust was only mildly haemolytic, the degree of haemolysis being progressively dependent upon (1) quantity of the dust in the test system and (2) alkalinity of the medium. CHA produced a significant degree of haemolysis at much higher concentrations than those used in a clinical survey. The indirect test of antigens for haemolytic activity is suggested.     

巴马火麻仁油、蛋白粉和木脂素酰胺类提取物对老年小鼠的抗衰老作用研究

目的研究广西巴马产火麻仁油、火麻仁蛋白粉与火麻仁木脂素酰胺类提取物的抗衰老作用。方法采用自然衰老小鼠,每日不同浓度火麻仁油（2．5、5、10mL·kg^-1·d^-1）、火麻仁蛋白粉（1．3、2．6g·kg^-1·d^-1）与火麻仁木脂素酰胺类提取物（0．11、0．22g·kg^-1·d^-1）灌胃,持续30d,最后检测老年小鼠血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量,脑组织与肝组织中SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、MDA含量,脑组织总抗氧化能力（T_AOC）,肝脏中ATP酶活力以及皮肤中Hyp含量,取少量皮肤制备天狼星红切片。结果火麻仁油、火麻仁蛋白粉与火麻仁木脂素酰胺类提取物均能显著提高老年小鼠体内的SOD与GSH-Px活力,增强其总抗氧化能力,降低MDA含量,调节血脂,增强ATP酶活力,改善能量代谢,增加皮肤中羟脯氨酸的含量,皮肤天狼星红病理切片也显示胶原蛋白含量明显增加。结论火麻仁油、火麻仁蛋白粉与火麻仁木脂素酰胺类提取物均有较强的抗衰老作用,尤其是火麻仁木脂素酰胺类提取物,具有进一步的研究开发价值。     

腰麻对宫腔镜手术病人舒适度的研究

目的比较不同剂量罗哌卡因腰麻用于宫腔镜手术的麻醉效果,探讨腰麻宫腔镜手术舒适度。方法100例ASAI～Ⅱ级择期行宫腔镜手术的患者,随机分成两组,选IJ3—4间隙行蛛网膜下腔穿刺,分别注入0．4％罗哌卡因8mg（R0．4组）,或0．5％罗哌卡因10rag（对照组）,比较两组患者感觉、运动阻滞起效时间、阻滞程度和麻醉恢复时间的差异,麻醉后生命体征变化,不良反应,舒适评分等。结果两组患者麻醉镇痛均满意;R0．4组患者感觉运动阻滞起效时问和维持时间、Bromage评分、宫颈松弛等与对照组无明显差异（P〉0．05）;尿潴留R0．4组明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论0．4％罗哌卡因（8mg）腰麻能满足宫腔镜手术需要,麻醉后无下肢酸困,尿潴留发生率低,舒适度高。     

基于1H-NMR代谢组学技术研究火麻仁油干预溃疡性结肠炎的作用

目的:利用经典指标结合核磁共振氢谱(¹H-NMR)代谢组学技术对火麻仁油干预大鼠溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的作用进行研究。方法:将24只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、火麻仁油组和柳氮磺胺吡啶组,通过饮用4%葡聚糖硫酸钠盐(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)水溶液建立UC模型;进行疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分和结肠组织病理学检测;采用¹H-NMR代谢组学技术探讨火麻仁油对与UC相关的生物标志物及代谢通路的干预作用。结果:火麻仁油能显著降低DAI评分并改善结肠细胞损伤;火麻仁油对UC大鼠的血清和尿液代谢紊乱产生有效干预,并分别有效回调14种和9种与UC相关的潜在生物标志物。结论:火麻仁油干预大鼠UC的作用机制可能与调节氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、肠道菌群代谢、一碳代谢和嘧啶代谢有关,本研究为火麻仁油治疗UC的进一步药物开发奠定了基础。     

Quantitative GC-MS analysis of D(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in fiber hemp varieties

A sensitive and specific method for the determination of total available D(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in fiber hemp varieties is described. The method was used for the regulatory purposes in which the detection of higher than the maximum allowed concentration of the psychoactive cannabinoid, D(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, in industrial fiber hemp would result in cancellation of the grower's license. Cannabinoids were extracted from dry leaf powder into hexane containing internal standard chrysene-d(12) using sonication. D(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the extract was separated by gas chromatography and quantitated by mass spectroscopy. A linear calibration range extending to 40 ppm and a limit of detection of 0.2 ng were obtained by using the total ion current mode of detection.     

Investigating the potential of heavy metal accumulation from hemp. The use of industrial hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) for phytoremediation of heavily and moderated polluted soils

In the last decades, the pollution of the soil environment with heavy metals poses a significant threat to both rural and urban areas. The effort to find the proper methods for soil decontamination and remediation is of great importance to the scientific community. Phytoremediation can assist in this way considering that it is profoundly (in comparison to traditional approaches) an affordable, less invasive and more environment friendly technique. It is a biological restoration, based on the utilization of special plants, in order to sequester soil pollutants via their root system and effectively remove them from the soil. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L). has an inherent ability to accumulate metals and metalloids in its shoots and roots, as it can easily form stable complexes and compounds with the ions of the elements. Its cultivation in field experiments, and in pots, led to satisfactory results, as it has a short life cycle. Industrial hemp has emerged as a promising crop that can clean up polluted soils. It accumulates mainly in its underground part the pollutants, while its stems and its seeds, used for the production of high value products are almost free of pollutants. In this paper, we present and analyze the results of different studies regarding the capacity of Cannabis sativa L. to accumulate heavy metals and the possible uses of the plant in a circular economy model framework.     

汉麻果胶皂苷类成分分离及其抗真菌活性研究

目的获得汉麻果胶皂苷类成分的主要部位,进行抗真菌试验,测定其最小抑菌浓度值（M/C）。方法利用D101大孔树脂进行梯度洗脱,通过试管定性试验以及薄层色谱（TLC）法确定富集皂苷类成分洗脱部位,并采用微量液基稀释法研究其对4种常见致病真菌红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌和白色念珠菌的生物活性。结果80%浓度的洗脱物对红色毛癣菌、须毛癖菌、犬小孢子菌均具有抑制作用,其M/C值分别为16,8,2 ｜ig/mL。结论汉麻果胶皂苷类成分具有显著的抗真菌作用。     

Evaluating the impact of hemp food consumption on workplace drug tests.

Foods containing seeds or oil of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa L.) are increasingly found in retail stores in the U.S. The presence of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in these foods has raised concern over their impact on the results of workplace drug tests for marijuana. Previous studies have shown that eating hemp foods can cause screening and confirmed positive results in urine specimens. This study evaluated the impact of extended daily ingestion of THC via hemp oil on urine levels of its metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) for four distinct daily THC doses. Doses were representative of THC levels now commonly found in hemp seed products and a range of conceivable daily consumption rates. Fifteen THC-na?ve adults ingested, over four successive 10-day periods, single daily THC doses ranging from 0.09 to 0.6 mg. Subjects self-administered THC in 15-mL aliquots (20 mL for the 0.6-mg dose) of four different blends of hemp and canola oils. Urine specimens were collected prior to the first ingestion of oil, on days 9 and 10 of each of the four study periods, and 1 and 3 days after the last ingestion. All specimens were screened for cannabinoids by radioimmunoassay (Immunalysis Direct RIA Kit), confirmed for THC-COOH by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and analyzed for creatinine to identify dilute specimens. None of the subjects who ingested daily doses of 0.45 mg of THC screened positive at the 50-ng/mL cutoff. At a daily THC dose of 0.6 mg, one specimen screened positive. The highest THC-COOH level found by GC-MS in any of the specimens was 5.2 ng/mL, well below the 15-ng/mL confirmation cutoff used in federal drug testing programs. A THC intake of 0.6 mg/day is equivalent to the consumption of approximately 125 mL of hemp oil containing 5 microg/g of THC or 300 g of hulled seeds at 2 microg/g. These THC concentrations are now typical in Canadian hemp seed products. Based on our findings, these concentrations appear to be sufficiently low to prevent confirmed positives from the extended and extensive consumption of hemp foods.     

Risk of unintentional antidoping rule violations by consumption of hemp products

Consumption of hemp products is continuously growing, with an expanding scope of applications. Suppliers operate through different distribution channels, but the Internet is a major retail platform. Hemp products are prepared from cannabis plants and, therefore, might contain a variety of different natural cannabinoids. According to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency, all natural and synthetic cannabinoids are prohibited in-competition, with the explicit exemption of cannabidiol. Therefore, an investigation of 23 hemp products for the presence of cannabinoids was performed to determine the likelihood of unintentional violations of anti-doping regulations. An assay for the detection of 16 cannabinoids in nutritional supplements was developed and validated. The sample preparation consisted of QuEChERS extraction, trimethylsilylation, and analysis by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. All 23 commercially available hemp products were analyzed, and assay characteristics such as selectivity, limit of detection, limit of identification, limit of quantification, linearity, imprecision, recovery, and accuracy were determined. Twenty of 23 hemp products included a variety of cannabinoids at, occasionally, substantial concentrations, with four products covering the entire spectrum of tested cannabinoids. An ethics committee-approved single-dose administration study was conducted with the commercially available hemp products, investigating the presence of 16 cannabinoids in urine collected pre- and post-consumption. Variable patterns of cannabinoids or their metabolites in urine were observed. In 30% of the urine samples collected 8 h after ingestion, the presence of a prohibited cannabinoid would have resulted in an unintentional violation of anti-doping regulations.     

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of commercially available hemp products

Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound present in marijuana. THC can also be found, as a contaminant, in some commercially available hemp products marketed in health food stores and on the internet as a good source of essential fatty acids. The products range from oil to alcoholic beverages to nutritional bars to candies, with oil being the most popular and commonly available. The analytical results are separated into two groups, products tested prior to and after publication of 21 CFR Part 1308, "clarification of listing of tetrahydrocannabinols." The data presented are a summary of 79 different hemp products tested for THC. THC was separated by a liquid-liquid or solid-liquid extraction, depending upon the product matrix. THC concentrations range from none detected to 117.5 microg THC/g material. Typical limits of detection for the assay (depending on matrix) are 1.0-2.5 microg THC/g material. Products that were of aqueous base (beer, tea) had much lower limits of detection (2.5 ng/mL). No THC was detected in 58% of the products from group 1 and 86% of the products from group 2. The amounts indicate that THC levels in currently marketed hemp products are significantly lower than in those products available before 2003 and reported in previous studies. The results reported here may be used as a general guideline for the THC content of hemp products recently found in the marketplace today.