Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver

Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to alter lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver and to exert a regulatory effect on the catalytic properties of these enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 590–591, June, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Characteristics of the skin lactate dehydrogenase isozyme spectrum after thermal injuries

Activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and its isozymes in the injured zone and in adjacent areas of the skin was investigated at various times after infliction of burns in rats. On the 1st–8th day after burning total LD activity was reduced in the zone of the scab and in the underlying tissues by 70–80% and in the border and intact skin by 50%. These changes were accompanied by changes in the LD isozyme spectrum in the injured tissue: On the 1st day the activity of fraction 5 was sharply increased and activity of fractions 2 and 3 reduced; by the 8th day, on the other hand, some decrease in activity of fraction 5 and an increase in activity of fractions 2 and 3 were observed. By the 14th–22nd day after burning total LD activity remained low, the LD isozyme spectrum in the border and scab was largely restored to normal, whereas in the underlying tissue changes in the relative proportions of LD isozymes were still present (a decrease in activity of fractions 1–3 and an increase in activity of fraction 5).Laboratory of Biochemistry, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. I. Kuzin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 294–297, September, 1977.     

Assessment of theIn Vivo metabolic effect of exogenous lactate dehydrogenase

Active realization of 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and oxaloacetate is observed after administration of lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of transamination and urea formation are within the normal range. By its targeting of oxidative metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase may be regarded as a biogenic factor correcting the glycolytic processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 480–481, May, 1994 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activity in blood lymphocytes of aggressive and submissive male mice

The influence of social status on some immunological characteristics in experimental animals was studied (sensory contact model). Lactate dehydrogenase activity in blood lymphocytes changed similarly in aggressive and submissive mice probably due to social stress. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase changed differently and correlated with the type of social behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 53–55, January 2000     

Effect of immunization against alcohol dehydrogenase on the behavior of white rats

Active immunization of white rats with alcohol dehydrogenase (horse ADH-1), a major ethanol-metabolizing enzyme shown to cause considerable and long-term inhibition of alcohol consumption, did not have adverse effects on their behavior. Rather, the rats showed enhanced motor and orienting-exploratory activities, developed conditioned responses (with both positive and negative reinforcements) more readily, and spent less time in a state of immobilization in the forced swimming test as compared with nonimmunized controls. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 349–351, October, 1994     

Hematopoietic stem cells in the intact and regenerating adult mouse liver

It was shown by the splenic colonies method that hematopoietic stem cells are present in the intact liver of adult CBA mice. Their number increases during regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy.N. K. Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 209–210, February, 1977.     

A quantitative study of dehydrogenase activity of hepatocytes in systemic endotoxinemia

A histophotometric study of the liver dehydrogenase activity reveals the nature of changes of enzymatic homeostasis and its periodicity in the dynamics of endotoxinemia in dogs. A compensatory reaction to lipopolysaccharide administration develops during the first two hours. A decrease of dehydrogenase and diaphorase activity and the development of structural damage to hepatocytes appear later. It is shown that the activation of free-radical oxidation as well as an increase of the level of medium-sized molecules in the blood plasma play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, No. 1, pp. 105–108, January, 1995 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cytological analysis of the intact and regenerating liver of various strains of rats

A comparative cytological study was made of the control and regenerating liver in two strains of rats: August and cotton-tail. Two-thirds of the liver was removed from both groups of experimental animals and the intact organ served as the control. The animals were killed five or six at a time 30 h and 3, 8, 42, and 120 days after partial hepatectomy. The number of binuclear cells, the dimensions of the mononuclear hepatocytes and of their nuclei, and the mitotic activity and ploidy of the cells were studied. With the exception of mitotic activity, the regenerating and intact liver of the August rats differed from the regenerating and intact liver of the cotton-tail rats in all the above-mentioned cytological parameters. It is concluded that differences in the cytological parameters between the two different strains are due to the genotype of the particular strain.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 987–989, August, 1976.     

Frequency and phase correlation of rhythms of dihygroorotate dehydrogenase activity in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes and solar activity rhythms and wave periods of planets

The common variation pattern and the synchronous increases of enzymatic and solar activity are explained by the identical frequencies of the bio- and heliorhythms and by the strict phase coordination of the latter. It is shown to be possible to predict enzymatic activity according to the sum of the resonance heliorhythms. The wave genesis of the resonance between enzymatic and solar fluctuations is confirmed by the fact that the periods of the bio- and heliorhythms are the same as the wave periods of planets. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 294–298, September, 1995 Presented by F. I. Komarov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of allergic processes of immediate and delayed types on the intensity of cortisol metabolism in the guinea pig liver

The intensity of cortisol metabolism was studied during perfusion of the liver in situ with solutions containing different concentrations of cortisol. Under these circumstances metabolism was shown to take place chiefly in the direction of cortisone formation. With an increase in the cortisol concentration in the perfusion fluid the intensity of its metabolism in the liver tissue also increased. During anaphylactic changes in the liver tissue the intensity of conversion of cortisol into cortisone was reduced, indicating a disturbance of the oxidation of cortisol. In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis the intensity of cortisol metabolism also was reduced.Department of General Pathology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 981–984, August, 1976.     

Role of estrogens in the regulation of prolactin receptors in liver cells of female rats

Strong expression of prolactin receptors in sinusoidal domains and cytoplasmic granules of hepatocytes, which is independent of cell location in the hepatic lobule and is positively regulated by estrogens, is revealed in pubertal female rats. In estrogen-treated animals, Prolactin receptors are also exposed in the perinuclear space of some hepatocytes surrounding the central veins. Estrogens regulate the intensity of prolactin receptors expression in hepatocytes, but not the number of cells containing these receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 264–267, September, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of atp and cocarboxylase on activity of malate dehydrogenase and its isozymes in blood serum and myocardium

Changes in the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MD) and its isozymes in the blood serum and heart muscle of rats were investigated during hypoxia and under the influence of ATP and cocarboxylase. An additional cathodic isozyme (MD₄) appeared in the blood serum during hypoxia. Under the influence of ATP and cocarboxylase the metabolic changes in the blood and myocardium induced by hypoxia did not correlate fully.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. A. Vishnevskii.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 8, pp. 48–50, August, 1975.     

Effect of adrenergic receptor blocking agents on mitotic activity of the regenerating liver

The -adrenergic blocking drug phentolamine was injected into male rats 1 h before resection of 70% of the liver and again 24 h after the operation. Phentolamine inhibited mitotic activity of the regenerating liver. Two injections of propranolol, a -adrenergic blocking drug, at the same times caused an increase in mitotic activity. It was concluded that adrenalin, which excites -adrenergic receptors, may inhibit regeneration. By its action through -adrenergic receptors, however, adrenalin stimulates this process.Department of Physiology of Animals, N. G. Chernyshevskii Saratov University. Central Scientific-Research Laboratory, Saratov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1373–1374, November, 1976.     

Adrenergic innervation of the gingiva in experimental periodontitis

In experiments on guinea pigs, the nerve-tissue relationships in gingival papillae were studied under conditions of experimental inflammation induced by local (turpentine injection) and general (whole-body γ-irradiation). It is found that structural and metabolic changes in the lamina propria and epithelium of the gingival mucosa correlate with disturbances in trophic influences from the sympathetic nervous system. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 5, pp. 564–568, May, 1999     

Effect of maternal aseptic inflammation on the structural organization of extraembryonal organs and on the proliferative activity of embryonic liver and lung cells in rats

After 2 days of aseptic inflammation in pregnant rats the number of hematopoietic lineage cells in the embryonic liver decreased, while proliferative activity of cells in the embryonic lung increased. Degenerative changes were noted in the placenta. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 584–587, May, 1997     

Electron-histochemical data on the localization of aminopeptidase M in the liver

The activity of aminopeptidase M in rat liver is studied electron histochemically. The enzyme is shown to be localized in the lysosomes of Kupffer's cells and endotheliocytes, and extracellularly on hepatocyte microvilli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 312–314, September, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructure of fish and amphibian liver during catabolism of degenerating erythrocytes

Similar catabolic features were found in macrophages of melano-macrophage centers of sturgeon liver and Kupffer cells of hibernating frogs and tadpoles underdoing metamorphosis. Catabolic process includes 4 stages: 1) intact phagocyted erythrocytes; 2) phagosomes with erythrocyte-like matrix density containing dense ferritin granules distributed between hypertrophied Golgi complex and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; 3) phagosomes with membrane structures and electron dense granules; 4) phagosomes with melanin granules. Products of erythrocyte catabolism are released through the bile duct. The origin of melanin granules is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 117–120, January 2000