Sleep patterns and habits in high school students in Iran

Background  

Sleep patterns and habits in high school students in Iran have not been well studied to date. This paper aims to re-address this balance and analyse sleep patterns and habits in Iranian children of high school age.     

Patterns of Motivation and Ongoing Exercise Activity in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A 24-Month Exploration from the TEACH Study

Background  

Few studies have explored exercise and motivational patterns of cardiac rehabilitation patients in the long term.     

Analysis of positron emission tomography hypometabolic patterns and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia syndromes

Aims

To estimate the proportions of specific hypometabolic patterns and their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods

This multicenter study with 1037 consecutive patients was conducted from December 2012 to December 2019. ¹⁸F-FDG PET and clinical/demographic information, NPS assessments were recorded and analyzed to explore the associations between hypometabolic patterns and clinical features by correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Patients with clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD, 81.6%, 605/741) and dementia with Lewy bodies (67.9%, 19/28) mostly had AD-pattern hypometabolism, and 76/137 (55.5%) of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration showed frontal and anterior temporal pattern (FT-P) hypometabolism. Besides corticobasal degeneration, patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (36/58), semantic dementia (7/10), progressive non-fluent aphasia (6/9), frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (3/5), and progressive supranuclear palsy (21/37) also mostly showed FT-P hypometabolism. The proportion of FT-P hypometabolism was associated with the presence of hallucinations (R = 0.171, p = 0.04), anxiety (R = 0.182, p = 0.03), and appetite and eating abnormalities (R = 0.200, p = 0.01) in AD.

Conclusion

Specific hypometabolic patterns in FDG-PET are associated with NPS and beneficial for the early identification and management of NPS in patients with CI.     

Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and influence of country of measurement and ethnicity

Background  

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is generally somewhat lower in countries outside of North America and Europe. While there are culture-specific patterns of social cognitive processing, the influence of such patterns upon ASD prevalence has yet to be fully explored.     

Psychiatric disorders during adolescence and relationships with peers from age 17 to age 27

Objective  

To investigate normative patterns of peer relationships from ages 17 to 27, and to examine the impact of adolescent psychiatric disorders on peer relationships.     

Heart rate recovery following maximal arm and leg-ergometry

Introduction  

Different exercise modes result in different heart rate recovery (HRR) patterns which could be related to the greater vagal reactivation following arm compared to leg-ergometry.     

Education and Smoking: Confounding or Effect Modification by Phenotypic Personality Traits?

Background  

Little is known about whether educational gradients in smoking patterns can be explained by financial measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and/or personality traits.     

Hydrocephalus in toddlers: the place of shunts in sub-Sahara African countries

Purpose  

This study describes the epidemiological patterns of hydrocephalus in toddlers in our setting in order to determine the proportion of those who could benefit from endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).     

Time-trends in the utilization of decentralized mental health services in Norway - A natural experiment: The VELO-project

Background  

There are few reports on the effects of extensive decentralization of mental health services. We investigated the total patterns of utilization in a local-bed model and a central-bed model.     

Exploring the Intergenerational Transmission of Illness Behavior: From Observations to Experimental Intervention

Background  

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) of childhood is characterized by, among other things, pain with no known physiological cause, and family patterns of related disorders have been reported.     

Prevalence,symptom patterns and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care in Qatar

Aim  

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in a Qatari population who attend the primary health care settings and examine their symptom patterns and comorbidity.     

Patterns of mental health care utilisation: distribution of services and its predictability from routine data

Objectives  

Explore if a multi-dimensional analytic approach to routinely registered data provides a comprehensive way to characterise utilisation patterns, and to test if the patients’ functional status is a predictor for the use of services.     

Motility of the left colon in children and adolescents with functional constpation; a retrospective comparison between solid‐state and water‐perfused colonic manometry

Background

Using water‐perfused (WP) high‐resolution manometry, we recently demonstrated that children with functional constipation (FC) lacked the postprandial increase in distal colonic cyclic motor patterns that was observed in healthy adults. Our aim was to determine if similar results could be detected using a solid‐state (SS) manometry catheter.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 19 children with FC (median age 11.1 years, 58% male) who underwent colonic manometry with a SS catheter (36 sensors, 3 cm apart). Data were compared with previously published data using a WP catheter (36 sensors, 1.5 cm apart) recorded from 18 children with FC (median age 15 years; 28% male).

Key Results

The cyclic motor patterns recorded by the SS catheter did not differ from those previously recorded by the WP catheter. There was no detected increase in this activity in response to the meal in either group. Long‐single motor patterns were recorded in most patients (n = 16, 84%) with the SS catheter. The number of these events did not differ from the WP recordings. In the SS data, HAPCs were observed in 4 children prior to the meal, in 5 after the meal. This did not differ significantly from the WP data.

Conclusions & Inferences

These data recorded by SS manometry did not differ from WP manometry data. Regardless of the catheter used, both studies revealed an abnormal colonic response to a meal, indicating a pathology which is not related to the catheter used to record these data.     

Circadian Variation in Ictus of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background  

Temporal patterns in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may provide insight into modulation, and therefore, prevention of hemorrhage. We investigated the time of hemorrhage and its relationship to traditional risk factors among patients admitted with aSAH.     

Serial MRI Changes in Comatose Cardiac Arrest Patients

Background  

Neuroimaging may prove useful in identifying cardiac arrest patients destined for a poor recovery, as certain patterns have been associated with a poor outcome. However, MRI changes evolve temporally and spatially, which may lead to misinterpretation and misclassification of patients.     

Practice patterns and treatment choices among psychiatrists in New Delhi,India

Objective  

Several issues relevant to the care of Asian Indian patients remain poorly explored. Little is known about the practice patterns of psychiatrists in India, such as daily practice routines or treatment approaches, which we describe in New Delhi, India.     

The mental health system in Lombardy,Italy: access to services and patterns of care

Purpose  

The psychiatric reform in Italy devolved to the regions the responsibility of implementing community psychiatric care. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the mental health system in Lombardy by assessing changes in accessibility and patterns of care occurred between 1999 and 2009.     

Reactive astrocytosis in feline neonatal hydrocephalus: acute, chronic, and shunt-induced changes

Purpose  

Reactive astrocytosis has been implicated in injury and recovery patterns associated with hydrocephalus. To investigate temporal changes in astrogliosis during the early progression of hydrocephalus, after shunting, and after long-term ventriculomegaly, glial fibrillary protein (GFAP) levels were analyzed in a feline model.     

Pathways to psychiatric care in Bangladesh

Introduction  

The pattern of care seeking of psychiatric patients is important for service and policy issues. We conducted a study in 2008 in Bangladesh to find out the referral patterns, delays to reach mental health professional (MHP), diagnoses and treatment received before reaching psychiatric care etc.     

Dermal sinus tract of the spine

Objective  

Spinal dermal sinus tract (DST) is a rare entity which usually comes to clinical attention by cutaneous abnormalities, neurologic deficit, and/or infection. We performed this study to assess presentation patterns, associated anomalies, radiologic, urologic, and surgical findings in children afflicted with spinal DST.