宁波地区1035例女性感染HPV基因类型分析

目的了解宁波地区各年龄段女性感染人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）基因类型分布及多重感染分布状况,为预防HPV感染和宫颈癌防治提供理论依据。方法利用反向杂交技术分男1对2007年1月～2008年12月来医院就诊的1035例可疑患者进行23种HPV基因亚型检测,其中包括18种与宫颈癌密切相关的高危亚型（HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68、73、83、MM-4）及5种低危亚型（HPV6、11、42、43、44）。结果患者阳性检出率为37．68％（390／1035）,其中单一HPV亚型感染占68．72％（268／390）,2重HPV亚型感染为21．03％（82／390）,3重HPV亚型感染为6．67％（26／390）,4重HPV亚型感染为2．82％（11／390）,5重、6重、7重HPV亚型感染各占0．26％（1／390）;项目阳性检出率为2．35％（559／23805）,其中高、低危型检出率分别为1．58％（375／23805）与0．77％（184／23805）,高危型中主要为HPV16、58、33、18感染,低危型主要为HPV11、6感染。各年龄段感染的比率为≤20岁33．33％（2／6）,（21—30）岁47．62％（130／273）,（31—40）岁35．69％（111／311）例,（41—50）岁32．76％（96／293）例和〉50岁33．55％（51／152）例;各年龄段项目阳性的比率为3．62％,3．11％,2．21％,1．83％和2．23％。结论HPV16、11、6、58、33、18是宁波地区HPV感染的主要型别,各年龄段均为感染的高峰人群,对HPV阳性者进行定期的跟踪,是防治尖锐湿疣与宫颈癌的重点。     

徐州地区女性宫颈感染人乳头瘤病毒基因亚型分析

目的：了解徐州地区不同年龄段女性生殖道人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染状况及其分布规律,为徐州地区HPV分子流行病学研究提供依据。方法：以2009年2月～2009年5月来我院就诊的1299例可疑患者为对象,采集其阴道宫颈分泌物标本。用凯普医用核酸分子杂交系统（简称H ybriMax）进行21种HPV（8304、6、11、16、18、31、33、35、39、42、43、45、44、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68）基因型的分型检测,分析常见感染亚型和分布规律。结果：HPV阳性总检出率为26.02%（338/1299）,高危型主要为HPV16,其余依次为HPV58、52、68、33、53、18感染。低危型主要为HPV11、6、8304感染;〈35岁、35～44岁、〉44岁各年龄组中HPV阳性率分别为26.92%、26.79%、22.27%;宫颈癌患者以HPV16感染为主。结论：HPV6、11、16、58、52、68、33是徐州地区HPV感染的主要型别;不同年龄段HPV阳性率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;对HPV阳性者进行定期跟踪是防治宫颈癌的重点。     

不同年龄组宫颈病变21型别人乳头状瘤病毒DNA的观察分析

目的探讨不同年龄组不同类型宫颈病变中21型别HPV DNA的检测及意义。方法应用HybriM ax基因芯片导流杂交法检测71例宫颈病变中HPV DNA,年龄自20-64岁。宫颈病变分为鳞状上皮增生空变、尖锐湿疣、低级别C IN及高级别C IN。HPV DNA 21种型别被检测,其中高危15型,低危6型。结果71例宫颈病变中50例HPV DNA阳性（69%）;按年龄分类,HPV DNA检出的频次以20-25岁（81%）最高,31-40岁最低（56%）（P=0.286）。其中高危型及高低危混合型HPV感染62%,低危型感染7%。HPV感染率在鳞状上皮增生伴空泡变性中33%,尖锐湿疣92%,低级别C IN中89%,高级别C IN中100%（χ2=26.874,P=0.001）;其中高级别C IN中均为高危型HPV基因型阳性,阳性频次基因型依次为16、33、52、18;低度C IN病变HPV基因型依次为16、31、18、52、33、6、11等。单一型别感染率65%,多重型别感染率34%。结论HPV感染可发生于各年龄组,大多数HPV感染不引起宫颈病变,可自行清除。HPV感染与病变的类型明显相关,随着病变的加重,HPV阳性率增高,高危型HPV阳性率亦随之增高。宫颈高级别C IN HPV感染型别依次为16、33、52、18等;低级别依次为16、31、18、52等。     

许昌地区妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染型别分布特征分析

目的了解许昌地区妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的分布情况及高危因素,确定该地区的优势型别。方法采用PCR加导流杂交技术对3100例已婚妇女宫颈脱落细胞进行21种HPV基因检测,分析HPV感染高危因素及宫颈病变中HPV亚型感染分布特点。结论在检测的3100例妇女中感染总阳性率为18.8%,HPV感染阳性率排在前5位的亚型从高到低依次为HPV16、HPV58、HPV52、HPV11、HPV6,最低为亚型HPV43,占0.1%。HPV感染的高峰年龄为31～40岁,各年龄段HPV感染检出率差异在统计学上有显著意义（P〈0.05）。结论许昌地区HPV亚型感染分布以HPV16、HPV58、HPV52型为主,且存在明显的地域差异,HPV感染高发于中青年妇女。     

武汉地区女性人乳头瘤病毒疫苗相关型别感染率研究

目的:统计2017-2018年武汉地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染状况，并分析HPV疫苗相关型别(6、11、16、18、31、33、45、52、58)的年度变化及年龄分布特征。方法:选取2017-2018年在我院进行HPV分型检测的10 760例成年女性，采用流式荧光杂交法检测27型HPV感染情况。将受检者按18-30岁、31-44岁、45-54岁、55-64岁、≥65岁进行年龄分组；将HPV型别按是否为疫苗涵盖的九类亚型将其分为疫苗相关型别组和非疫苗相关型别组。统计分析不同年度、不同年龄层HPV检出率。结果:纳入的10 760例受检者中，27型HPV阳性检出率为19.80%。疫苗相关型别HPV阳性检出率为11.05%,其中高危型和低危型检出率分别为9.42%、3.41%。年龄分层分析显示，疫苗相关型别组HPV检出率随年龄增加而降低，其中18-30岁组检出率显著高于其它年龄组(P<0.05)。疫苗相关型别组中多重HPV亚型感染者共152例，混合感染率为1.41%,主要分布在低龄组。检出率较高的HPV亚型依次为：52、58、16、6型。结论:2017-2018年，武汉地区女性HP...     

北京市双桥医院妇科门诊患者人乳头瘤病毒感染情况调查

目的了解北京市朝阳区双桥医院妇科门诊不同年龄女性患者人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）亚型感染情况。方法采用核酸分子快速导流杂交技术,对2009—2012年835例受检者宫颈分泌物进行HPV—DNA亚型检测。结果538例女性患者中共检测到175例HPV阳性病例,其中高危亚型170例,低危亚型5例。高危亚型检出率居前5位依次为HPV-16（31．4％）、52（20．0％）、58（17．1％）、56（14．3％）、66（14．3％）。≥40岁以上年龄组HPV阳性率显著高于40岁以下年龄组。结论高危型HPV-16、52、58、56、66亚型是北京市双桥医院人乳头瘤病毒感染的主要亚型,40岁以上人群是防治的重点。     

1049例妇科门诊病人HPV感染基因型分析

目的研究宝安区妇女感染HPV的优势亚型,为宫颈癌防治提供依据。方法利用HPV基因芯片检测技术检验我院妇科门诊样本HPV亚型。结果 1049例病人中,HPV感染264例,阳性率25.17%。其中高危型（HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68、73、83、和MM4）162例,占感染者81.44%;低危型（HPV11、6、42、43）49例,占感染者18.56%。二组感染率比较差异有统计学意义;264例感染HPV优势亚型HPV52,其次依次为16、43、58、68、18、53型;〈30岁及≥30岁两年龄段HPV感染率比较差异无统计学意义;组间优势亚型分布比较HPV53在〈30岁年龄组明显增加,其他优势亚型分布比较差异无统计学意义;单一亚型感染239例,占90.52%。结论高危亚型、单一亚型为主要常见感染类型;HPV基因分型诊断在宫颈癌筛查和防治中具有重要意义。     

13452例HPV亚型感染检测结果分析

目的通过对13452例人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)亚型感染检测结果的分析,了解检测样本的HPV感染状况及年龄分布特点。方法采用导流杂交技术检测21种HPV亚型,包括14种高危型和7种低危型HPV,分析受检妇女中常见的HPV亚型感染及分布规律。结果 HPV亚型感染总阳性率为36.98%,21种亚型被检出。高危型以HPV16最为常见,低危型最常见为HPV53。HPV多重感染比例为24.08%,以二重感染最为多见。结论 13452例受检妇女HPV亚型感染总阳性率为36.98%,常见的3种高危型为HPV16、HPV58、HPV52,2种低危型为HPV53和HPVcp8304。19～29岁年龄组,≥60岁年龄组的HPV亚型感染阳性率和HPV多重感染阳性率表现出较弱的高峰,HPV多重感染以二重感染最多见。     

厦门地区女性人乳头瘤病毒感染状况调查

目的 对厦门地区妇女宫颈人类乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）亚型进行筛查,以探讨其分布规律.方法 采用凯普医用核酸分子快速杂交仪,对7683名2013年1月-2013年12月到厦门市174医院妇科门诊或病房就诊的女性进行生殖道21种HPV感染基因亚型筛查.结果 7683例样本中,HPV感染者1421例,阳性率18.50％.感染人群主要集中在30～39岁.其中高危型HPV阳性率为16.01％,低危型HPV阳性率为2.49％.单一基因型别者1148例,阳性率为14.94％;双重感染者220例阳性率为2.86％;三重以上感染者53例,阳性率为0.70％;HPV感染阳性率居前6位的基因型分别为HPV-52（3.64％）、HPV-16 （3.33％）、HPV-58（2.98％）、HPV-53（2.16％）、HPV-CP8304（1.91％）和HPV-18（1.09％）.结论 厦门地区妇女HPV感染率高,且以高危型单一基因亚型感染为主;感染基因型别主要以HPV-52、16、58、53、CP8304和18为主,具有一定的地域差异性;52及58型感染率高,对于疫苗的研制和开发有参考意义.     

安岳地区女性高危型HPV基因分型结果分析

目的 分析安岳地区女性高危型人乳头瘤病毒的感染以及各亚型的分布情况,为本地区宫颈癌防治及流行病学研究提供依据。方法 收集2016年1月~2017年12月年安岳地区自愿进行15种高危型HPV检测的女性宫颈脱落细胞标本2078例,应用实时荧光定量PCR进行包括16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68在内的15种HR-HPV检测,分析HR-HPV在人群中的总体和不同年龄段感染情况以及各亚型的分布特点。结果 2078例女性宫颈脱落细胞标本总阳性检出率为22.81%,其中单一感染占17.37%,混合感染占5.44%;在各年龄组中＜20岁组与＞60岁年龄组HR-HPV感染率最高,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;15种高危型中检出前五位的依次为:52型、16型、31型、53型、58型。结论 本地区女性人群的高危型HPV检出率较高,对本地区相关人群进行高危型HPV筛查非常必要。     

Occurrence of multiple types of human papillomavirus in genital tract lesions. Analysis by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.

More than 22 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been detected in genital tract squamous cell intraepithelial lesions. Seven of two hundred eighty-six (2.4%) genital tract tissues in which HPV DNA was detected by in situ hybridization contained two or more different HPV types. When analyzed by site, 5 of 204 (2.4%) of cervical intraepithelial lesions were infected by more than one type, compared with 2 of 82 (2.4%) of vulvar lesions. The rate for low-grade lesions was similar (5/218; 2.3%) to that for high-grade lesions (2/68; 2.9%). In contrast, two different HPV types were detected in 6/33 (18%) of tissues by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using type-specific primers for eight HPV types. It is concluded that infection by one HPV type is rarely associated with concurrent 'active' infection by a second HPV type, even though DNA of a different viral type can be detected by PCR in about one fifth of such cases. Further study is required to determine if an existing HPV infection can inhibit replication by a different HPV type.     

Genital seborrheic keratoses are human papillomavirus-related lesions. A linear array genotyping test study

Controversy exists about the meaning of human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in seborrheic keratosis (SK). To clarify the pathogenic contributing role of HPV in the development of genital SK, we have studied 40 genital SKs, 20 extragenital SKs, and 20 non-SK genital lesions by polymerase chain reaction for HPV, using a Linear Array Genotyping test that detects 37 genital HPV types. Twenty-eight of the 40 genital SK specimens (70%) were positive for HPV. Twenty-seven of the 28 positive cases (96%) contained HPV6, one of them associated to HPV18 and HPV35 (4%), and the remaining lesion (4%) harbored HPV55. However, HPV was detected in only 2/20 extragenital SK samples (10%) and in 1/20 non-SK genital lesions (5%). Our results support a pathogenic relationship between HPV and genital SK by showing: 1) a high rate of virus detection in these lesions, with a strong predilection for HPV6, and 2) scarcity of genital HPV types in most of the remaining non-SK cutaneous genital lesions and in the extragenital SKs. HPV cannot be found in a minority of genital SKs using highly sensitive techniques, and therefore, other presently unknown factors may also be implied in the pathogenesis of these lesions.     

Detection of Multiple Human Papillomavirus Types in Condylomata Acuminata Lesions from Otherwise Healthy and Immunosuppressed Patients

Condylomata acuminata, or genital warts, are proliferative lesions of genital epithelium caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV types 6 and 11 are most often detected in these lesions. Genital lesions consistent with exophytic condylomata acuminata were removed by excision biopsy from 65 patients, 41 of whom were otherwise healthy individuals (control group) and 24 of whom had conditions known to cause immunosuppression. Histologically, the majority of the lesions were typical condylomata acuminata. Three lesions removed from immunosuppressed individuals also contained foci of moderate to severe dysplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia grade II/III). A recently developed PCR and reverse blot strip assay was used to determine the specific HPV types present in the genital lesions. With a set of oligonucleotide primers based on the same primer binding regions used for the MY09 and MY11 primer pair, this PCR assay detects the presence of 27 HPV types known to infect the genital tract. All but two condylomata acuminata contained either HPV type 6 or 11. The predominant type in the lesions from control patients was HPV 6, while lesions from immunosuppressed types most often contained HPV 11. Condylomata acuminata from immunosuppressed patients contained significantly more overall HPV types than lesions from the control group. HPV types associated with an increased risk of dysplasia (high-risk types) were detected in 42 (64.6%) of the total of 65 specimens; 18 (43.9%) specimens were detected in the 41 otherwise healthy individuals, and 24 (100%) specimens were detected in the 24 immunosuppressed patients. HPV 16 was the most common high-risk type detected, found in 21 of 65 (32.3%) specimens. After HPV types 6 and 11, HPV types 53 and 54 were the most frequently detected low-risk HPV types. This study demonstrates that a high percentage of condylomata acuminata lesions contain multiple HPV types, including types associated with a high risk of dysplastic abnormalities. Further studies are needed to determine the influence these additional HPV types have on the epidemiology of genital tract HPV infections and the natural history of condylomata acuminata, especially in immunosuppressed patients.     

Human papillomavirus segregation patterns in genital and nongenital warts in prepubertal children and adults.

This study compared the segregation patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) in genital and nongenital warts in prepubertal children and adults. HPV 2 was detected in most nongenital warts in children and adults, whereas neither HPV 6 or 11 was detected at nongenital sites in either group with the use of in situ or Southern blot hybridization analyses. Of nine genital tract lesions in children. HPV 2 was detected in two and HPV 6 or 11 in six. More than 90% of cases of regional tract condylomata in adults contained HPV 6 or 11. HPV 2 was not detected in any of 99 genital tract lesions in adults. It is concluded that HPV 6/11 cannot proliferate at nongenital cutaneous sites and HPV 2 can proliferate in the genital tract of children but not adults. Thus, the detection of HPV 6 or 11 in a genital wart in a child implies, assuming cutaneous transmission, infection from a genital site, whereas the detection of HPV 2 presumes nongenital transmission.     

Two newly identified human papillomavirus types (HPV 40 and 57) isolated from mucosal lesions

Two new papillomaviruses, HPV 40 and HPV 57, were isolated from a PIN lesion and an inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus, respectively. HPV 40 showed a 13% homology to HPV 7 by reassociation kinetics and HPV 57 showed a 17% homology to HPV 2 and 25% homology to HPV 27. Hybridization of the DNA of these papillomaviruses to a wide variety of different tumor biopsies revealed that HPV 40 was present in a few genital condylomata acuminata as well as in bowenoid lesions. HPV 57 DNA was present in an oral wart, a genital condyloma acuminatum, and verrucae vulgares lesions from two immunosuppressed patients.     

Detection of human papillomavirus in skin and genital lesions of renal allograft recipients by in situ hybridization

Renal allograft recipients have an increased incidence of malignancy including squamous carcinoma of cervix and skin. There is growing evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) has a part to play in malignant transformation at these sites. We have previously identified HPV DNA in the skin and genital lesions of such patients by dot and Southern blotting. In situ hybridization studies, using biotinylated DNA probes for HPV 4, 5 and 8 in skin lesions and 6, 11. 16 and 18 in genital lesions, were performed on tissues derived from the same group of patients. In the cutaneous lesions, only 25% of the specimens probed were found to contain virus by in situ hybridization; 60% of these specimens were found to harbour virus by dot and Southern blotting. In situ hybridization revealed HPV 16 and/or 18 in 86% of the genital lesions probed.     

High-grade dysplasia in genital warts from two patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) types are detected in genital warts removed from immunosuppressed individuals more commonly than from those occurring in otherwise healthy individuals. The prognosis of genital warts containing cancer-associated HPV types is not known. Because it is assumed that genital warts are benign lesions, they are usually treated by destructive therapies without prior knowledge of histopathology. The aim of the present study was to determine whether genital warts from individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contain high-risk HPV types or areas of dysplasia. The study design was a nonrandomized analysis of genital warts removed by excision biopsy from 15 HIV-infected patients and 15 HIV-negative patients. The tissue was analyzed for HPV DNA by hybrid capture, and microscopic sections of each biopsy were examined for areas of dysplasia. Genital warts from HIV-infected patients contained cancer-associated (“high risk”) HPV types in 9 of 15 cases, including 1 that contained only a high-risk type. High-grade dysplastic abnormalities were present in 2 of the 15 lesions from this group, both of which contained high-risk HPV types. Four genital warts removed from HIV-negative patients contained high-risk HPV types, but none contained dysplastic abnormalities. It is concluded that genital warts from HIV-infected patients often contain high-risk HPV types. Such lesions may exhibit dysplastic changes. The frequency of dysplastic changes in genital warts from HIV-infected patients is not known. Biopsy of genital warts may be indicated prior to additional therapy in HIV-infected patients, and surgical removal should be considered as a preferred treatment option in these patients. J. Med. Virol. 54:69–73, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc.     

Distribution of human papillomavirus types in the anogenital tract of females and males

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in both men and women, but there are limited data comparing the prevalence of HPV infection between genders and in different anogenital sites. This cross‐sectional analysis describes the distribution of HPV types in the genital tract of 3,410 consecutive females and 1,033 males undergoing voluntary screening for HPV and referred to a single institution. The relationship between specific HPV types and the presence of anogenital lesions was examined. In both females and males, the overall prevalence of HPV infection was about 40%. A wide variety of HPV types was identified, but the prevalence of different types was remarkably similar in the two genders, even when considering different anatomical sites. HPV‐6 was the most frequent (prevalence 13%) type in all anogenital sites in men followed by HPV‐16 (7%), while HPV‐16 was the most common type in women (about 6%), either in the cervix, vagina, or vulva, followed by HPV‐6. In addition to HPV‐16, HPV‐58, HPV‐33, HPV‐31, and HPV‐56 were the carcinogenic types detected most commonly and were significantly associated with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions, while HPV‐53 and HPV‐66 were the most common among possibly carcinogenic types. In both genders, anogenital warts were associated with HPV‐6 and HPV‐11 infection, and, less frequently, with other types, like HPV‐54, HPV‐62, and HPV‐66. These results show that genital HPV infection involves numerous HPV types, which have similar distribution patterns in females and males and in different anogenital anatomical sites. J. Med. Virol. 82:1424–1430, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Overexpression of the proto-oncogene C-jun in association with low-risk type specific human papillomavirus infection in condyloma acuminata

Infection with different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with neoplasia at different anatomic sites. The “low-risk” HPVs (LR-HPV) are responsible for benign genital lesions such as condyloma acuminata. In order to clarify the tumorigenic mechanism of LR-HPV, the HPV infection status was investigated and the expression of the c-jun proto-oncogene in different HPV-related skin and genital lesions analyzed. Of the 17 condyloma specimens analyzed by Western blotting, 13 cases (76.5%) exhibited overexpression of the c-jun gene. All 13 cases harbored high copy numbers of the LR-HPV genome with an average of 926 copies per cell, whereas the other four cases had an average of 12 copies of LR-HPV per cell (P < 0.001). Further typing of HPV by Southern blotting revealed that HPV-6 and HPV-11 infections predominated in c-jun positive cases. The c-jun protein was detected much less frequently in cervical cancers (three of 29, or 10.3%) and skin warts (one of 10), and was not detected in five genital polyps or in five normal cervical tissues. These findings suggest a type 6/11-specific induction of c-jun gene expression in HPV-related neoplastic lesions. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

生殖器疣活检标本中HPV多重检测技术的建立

目的探索生殖器疣活检标本中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的多重检测分型技术,为我国生殖器疣感染HPV的检测和分型研究的开展提供有效手段。方法针对病毒L1区基因序列自行设计通用引物MY09、MY11、GP5＋和GP6＋,并对反应条件进行优化,建立基于聚合酶链式反应（PCR）及序列分析的检测生殖器疣活检标本中HPV感染型别的方法。结果采用巢氏PCR方法能够特异扩出140bp的目的条带,实现HPV感染的定性检测;通过对目的基因片段的测序分析能够实现单型别感染/多型别复合感染HPV的分型和鉴定,并可以检测到HPV少见的特殊类型,同时也能提供已知的HPV型别的突变信息。结论基于HPV病毒L1区基因序列建立的PCR和序列分析检测技术是快速检测和分型生殖器疣活检标本中HPV的一种有效方法。