帕金森病患者运动皮质兴奋性的经颅磁刺激研究

目的:本研究拟应用低频重复性经颅磁刺激(rTMS)分别刺激帕金森病(PD)患者M1手代表区(M1Hand)及运动前区(PMC),探讨不同干预手段对运动皮质兴奋性的影响,以及M1与PMC间的联系。方法:对18名确诊PD患者先后进行4种不同干预,即口服美多芭、低频rTMS刺激M1Hand(0.5Hz,100%静息阈值,共1600次脉冲)、低频rTMS刺激PMC(0.5Hz,100%静息阈值,共1600次脉冲)以及假刺激。于每次干预前后各进行临床评价并测定运动诱发电位(MEP)相关指标。结果:①口服美多芭后UPDRSⅢ(P=0.001)以及其中有关僵直(P=0.001)、运动迟缓(P<0.001)的评分均较服药前显著改善。三种不同磁刺激干预产生结果不同,M1Hand组UPDRSⅢ减低(P=0.015),僵直(P=0.010)、运动迟缓(P=0.004)亦有所改善;PMC组UPDRSⅢ较干预前减低(P=0.046),僵直评分亦减低,但无显著性意义(P=0.163);②口服美多芭1h后MEP120减低(P=0.002),CSP延长(P=0.006);M1Hand组MEP120无著变,而CSP延长(P=0.015);PMC组MEP120减低(P=0.004),而CSP无著变;假刺激组则均无显著性改变。结论:低频rTMS对不同脑区产生的效应不同:刺激M1可使CSP延长;而刺激PMC可使MEP波幅减低。     

重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病运动功能及运动诱发电位的影响

目的:探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对PD患者运动皮质兴奋性影响的持续效应。方法:对38例PD患者,予0.5Hz rTMS刺激其主要受累肢体对侧的M1Hand(20×80,100%RMT),连续7d。于首次干预前及末次干预后20min、1周及1个月分别评价其临床运动功能和运动诱发电位。结果:低频rTMS干预后,PD患者UPDRS Ⅲ、僵直、运动迟缓评分、计时运动试验及CSP均存在显著时间效应(P<0.001)。结论:低频rTMS可改善PD患者运动迟缓症状,其对运动功能的影响可持续到刺激停止后1个月,与运动皮质兴奋性的改变一致。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病的临床研究

目的 探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对帕金森病（PD）的治疗作用。方法 将45例PD患者随机分为治疗组30例，假刺激组15例。治疗组给予频率1Hz、刺激强度为110％静息阈值的rTMS，每日1次，治疗10d，并在治疗后1个月和3个月时随访。采用UPDRS评分、木插板试验、记时运动试验和10m折返运动试验进行疗效评价，评价前患者停服抗PD药物至少12h。结果治疗组治疗结束后UPDRS总分及Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ分较治疗前均明显降低（均P〈0.01），患者木插板所用的平均时间明显减少（P〈0．01），记时运动1min平均运动次数明显增加（P〈0．01），行走速度明显增快（P〈0．01），随访3个月仍低于治疗前（P〈0．05）。治疗后3个月生活满意度（L-S1B）无明显变化，而生活质量评分（PDQ）则明显降低（P〈0．05）。假刺激组治疗前后木插板试验、记时运动试验和10m折返运动均无明显变化。结论 低频rTMS可以改善PD患者的临床症状，提高患者生活质量。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病言语障碍研究进展

帕金森病（Parkinson disease,PD）患者多数会出现言语功能障碍,严重影响生活质量。近年重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS）在治疗PD患者言语障碍的临床实践中取得了新的进展。研究结果提示,将rTMS作用于初级运动皮质（primary motor cortex,M1）的口面部区域和颞上回（superior temporal gyrus,STG）可能会有效地改善PD患者的言语功能,现有研究未见报道有由rTMS引起的严重不良反应。rTMS治疗PD患者言语障碍的机制可能与rTMS可以调节言语相关大脑皮质（如M1和STG）的兴奋性和功能连接程度有关。总结来说,rTMS在PD言语障碍的治疗中取得了良好的效果,但目前研究的数量较少,未来还需要更多大规模和大样本量的随机对照试验来进一步验证和支持其效果。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病运动症状疗效的临床研究进展

帕金森病(PD)是常见的神经系统退行性疾病,临床主要表现为运动症状与非运动症状。高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)作为一种无创的神经调控技术用于帕金森病患者的治疗。文中就高频rTMS对PD患者运动症状治疗的研究进展作介绍。     

脑血管病患者经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位的研究

采用经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）对７２例脑血管病（ＣＶＤ）患者和５０例正常人进行检测。结果：ＣＶＤ患者瘫痪侧上肢磁刺激无反应或皮层潜伏期和中枢传导时间（ＣＭＣＴ）较正常对照组和健侧显著延长（Ｐ＜０．００１）；瘫痪侧下肢磁刺激无反应或ＣＭＣＴ较正常对照组和健侧显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。脑出血与脑梗塞患者ＭＥＰ异常率无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而与临床病情轻重和病变部位密切相关。提示ＭＥＰ能客观反映ＣＶＤ患者中枢运动传导通路功能受损的情况。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症20例临床观察

抑郁症是临床常见的疾病，以往的药物治疗虽然取得了一定的疗效，但是长期服药可产生耐药性以及抗抑郁药的不良反应而限制了其临床应用。我们从2003—10～2004—10用重复经颅磁刺治疗抑郁症患者20例，取得明显的临床疗效，现总结报告如下。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病的研究进展

重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)是通过时变磁场在颅内产生电流的一种无痛性技术。近年来,rTMS作为一种治疗帕金森病(PD)的新型技术应用于临床,已成为神经调控和神经修复的重要手段。本文主要介绍其基本原理,并对相关动物实验和临床研究的最新进展做一综述。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病2年随访

目的随访观察重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)治疗帕金森病(PD)患者的疗效。方法应用统一PD评分量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和简易智能量表(MMSE)对37例应用药物和r TMS治疗的PD患者(r TMS+药物组)及45例单纯药物治疗的PD患者(药物组)在基线和2年随访末的运动症状(MS)和非运动症状(NMS)进行评估,对比分析两组患者病情进展。结果 r TMS+药物组2年随访末H-Y分级较基线显著升高(P 0.05);药物组2年随访末UPDRSⅢ、H-Y分级、HAMD、HAMA评分及左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)较基线均显著升高(P 0.05);对两组2年随访末的症状进行比较,药物组的UPDRSⅢ、H-Y分级、HAMD评分及LED较r TMS+药物组升高显著(P 0.05)。结论规律的r TMS辅助常规抗PD药物治疗可减缓PD进展,优于单纯抗PD药物治疗。     

经颅重频磁刺激对大鼠脑缺血再灌流损伤早期运动皮层兴奋性和神经功能的影响

目的 观察经颅重频磁刺激（rTMS）对大鼠脑缺血再灌流损伤早期运动皮层兴奋性和神经功能的影响。方法测定Wistar大鼠右后肢运动阚值（MT）．制作左侧大脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）再灌流模型．给予rTMS（1次／d）。再灌流72h处死取脑。比较大鼠MCAO再灌流损伤不同时间MT、神经功能评分，脑梗死体积的变化及rTMS的影响。结果MCAO再灌流损伤使大鼠出现局灶性梗死灶，MT升高；神经功能障碍且其程度随损伤时间延长而愈加明显．表现为功能评分升高；rTMS可改善大鼠MCAO再灌流损伤72h的MT和功能障碍程度。减小梗死体积。尤其改善神经功能障碍的程度与对照组比较差异有显著性（P=0．004）。结论rTMS可能对早期缺血脑组织有保护作用．对缺血性脑卒中有进一步研究、应用前景。     

High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over the Primary Foot Motor Area in Parkinson's Disease

BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to be clinically effective for treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have been performed reporting the effects of rTMS on non-motor symptoms such as depression and apathy in PD.ObjectiveWe assessed the effects of high-frequency (HF) rTMS over the primary motor (M1) foot area on motor symptoms, depression and apathy scales, and sensory symptoms in PD.MethodsWe investigated the efficacy of 3 consecutive days of HF-rTMS over the M1 foot area in 21 patients with PD using a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial compared with sham stimulation. Motor effects were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III), the self-assessment motor score, the visual analog scale (VAS), the 10-m walking test, and finger tapping. Non-motor effects were analyzed using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Apathy Scale, and quantitative sensory testing.ResultsHF-rTMS significantly improved UPDRS-III (P < 0.001), VAS (P < 0.001), the walking test (P = 0.014), self-assessment motor score (P = 0.010), and finger tapping measurement (P < 0.05) compared to sham stimulation. In contrast, no significant improvement was observed in depression and apathy scales. Consecutive days of rTMS did not significantly increase the improvement in motor symptoms. There were no adverse effects following rTMS on patients with PD.ConclusionsWe confirmed that HF-rTMS over the M1 foot area significantly improved motor symptoms in patients with PD. In addition, daily repeated stimulation was not significantly more effective than a single session of stimulation, but may be effective for maintaining the improvement in motor symptoms in patients with PD.     

重复经颅磁刺激抗癎作用及其机制研究进展

重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）是一门新兴的电生理技术。近年来,实验和临床研究显示rTMS具有潜在抗癎作用。本文对rTMS抗癎的安全性、有效性及可能存在的抗癎机制予以阐述。     

Repetitive Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Visual Cortex Alters Visual Recovery Function

BackgroundSome repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) techniques fail to facilitate cortical excitability in the human visual cortex. A more effective and facilitatory method is needed to increase the feasibility of rTMS to explore visual cortex function.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop a novel tool for modulating the visual cortex excitability and examined the influences of repetitive transcranial magnetic paired-pulse stimulation (rPPS) on the visual cortex.MethodsOptimal interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were determined to assess recovery function of visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Paired stimuli from checkerboard pattern reversals were presented at 11 ISIs from 50–200 ms. Each session consisted of control (S1) and paired (S1 + S2) epochs to extract the S2 response. The recovery function was calculated as the ratio of S2/S1 amplitudes. Subsequently, rPPS was utilized with a 1.5 ms ISI over the visual cortex at the stimulus intensity of the visual masking effect. Amplitudes and suppression ratios of the paired VEPs were compared before and after rPPS. The effect of single pulse TMS was also evaluated.ResultsPaired VEPs resulted in suppressive effects at ISIs up to 200 ms, with an optimal ISI of 90 ms due to small variability and moderate inhibitory effects. There was no significant effect of rPPS on N75-P100 with paired VEPs. Following rPPS, however, P100-N145 inhibition decreased up to 10 min. The single pulse protocol did not result in these effects.ConclusionsModulation of VEP recovery by rPPS suggested that rPPS exhibited a disinhibitory effect on the visual cortex.     

Repetitive Paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Visual Cortex Selectively Inhibits Focal Flash VEPs

BackgroundThe human visual system processes different aspects of visual information such as luminance and contrast via multiple channels. We previously used repetitive paired-pulse stimulation (rPPS) over the visual cortex to elicit a disinhibitory effect on the visual recovery function of paired pattern-reversal (PR) visual evoked potentials (VEPs).ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that different visual channels exhibit diverse response patterns after rPPS over the visual cortex. Thus, we examined how rPPS influenced each channel of the visual cortex.MethodsWe employed rPPS with a 1.5-ms interstimulus interval over the visual cortex at the stimulus intensity of the visual masking effect. Focal flash (FF) and PR-VEPs (check size, 15 min) were recorded to evaluate the response properties of visual channels in 10 healthy subjects. Visual stimuli were presented for the lower half-field that subtended 6° in radius. The amplitudes and latencies of each VEP were compared before and after rPPS for up to 30 min.ResultsFollowing rPPS, N1-P1 and P1-N2 amplitudes of FF-VEPs decreased linearly up to 30 min. In contrast, the amplitudes of PR-VEPs were not significantly changed. Latencies of FF- and PR-VEPs were also unchanged.ConclusionsModulation of FF-VEPs by rPPS suggests that rPPS selectively induced an inhibitory effect on the luminance channel. Therefore, rPPS may be a promising tool for exploring plastic changes in the visual cortex.