口服普萘洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤疗效观察

目的 探讨口服普萘洛尔治疗婴儿血管瘤的临床疗效.方法 47例婴儿血管瘤患儿于2009年1月至2010年3月间接受口服普萘洛尔治疗,动态观察患儿血管瘤大小、质地、颜色变化及不良反应.结果 按照cchauer疗效评定法,Ⅰ级14例,Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级15例,Ⅳ级5例.草莓状血管瘤疗效优于海绵状及混合型血管瘤(P＜0.05),而不同部位的血管瘤疗效之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 口服普萘洛尔治疗婴儿草莓状血管瘤疗效确切,无明显不良反应.

Abstract：

Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of propranolol in treatment of infantile hemangioma. Methods Oral propranolol was applied to 47 infants with heamngiomas in Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command,Department of General Surgery from January 2009 to Match 2010. The patients received medication at home and were revisited every 2 weeks. The changes of tumor size, texture,color and adverse effects were monitored and recorded at a regular interval. Results The results were evaluated using Achauer system; scale Ⅰ(poor) in 14 patient,scale Ⅱ(moderate) in 13 patients,scale Ⅲ(good) in 15 patients and scale Ⅳ(excellent) in 5 patients. The treatment response for strawberry hemangioma was significantly better than other hemangiomas (P＜0. 05) ,but no significant diffierence was found among different primary sites (P＞0. 05). Conclusions Oral propranolol treatment is an effective treatment for strawberry hemangiomas.     

胆道闭锁Kasai术后早期并发症的分析

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between early complications of Kasai operation and high-dose steroids and antibiotics and to demonstrate the prognosis of biliary atresia(BA). Methods 281 patients diagnosed with biliary atresia(BA) type Ⅲ,admitted from Aug. 1994 to Aug 2008 were retrospectively reviewed and followed up for two years. The patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A were controls while patients in Group B were treated with high-dose steroids and antibiotics. We evaluated the relation between early complications and age at operation (days), baseline bilirubin, different treatments and 2 year survival. Results 93 patients had early complications,and cholangitis is the most common, There is no statistics difference of complications in age at operation and baseline bilirubin. The complication rate was 63. 6% in group A, and 25. 7% in group B(P＜0. 01). The cholangitis rate was 56. 4% in group A and 23. 9% in group B (P＜0. 01). Two groups showed no significant difference in digestive tract bleeding. The visit frequency rate was 92. 5%, while 2 year survival rate was 51. 2%. Patients with early complications or cholangitis have a 34. 4% or 32. 9% 2 year survival rate, while those without have a 59. 6% or 59. 2%(P＜ 0. 01). Patients with high-dose treatment in group B have a better 2 year survival rate (54. 0% vs 40. 0% ,P＜0. 05). Conclusions Early cholangitis was the risk factor of outcome after Kasai operation. These data implied that the use of high-dose steroids and antibiotics can lower the occurrence of cholangitis and elevate 2 year survival rate.     

Analysis of early treatment of 12 cases with congenital knee dislocation北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the curative effect of the Pavlik harness and polyester material casting bandage for the early treatment of congenital knee dislocation (CDK). Methods The clinical data of 12 patients (13 knees) with CDK treated in Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from December 2011 and January 2019 were studied retrospectively. There were 3 males and 9 females. The median age at the initial visit was 3 days (1-29 days). Eleven patients had unilateral CDK, and 1 patient had bilateral CDK. There were 5 cases (5 knees) with dislocation and 7 cases(8 knees) with subluxation. Associated musculoskeletal anomalies were observed in 7 patients, which included developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in 6 patients, bilateral DDH and right clubfoot in 1 patient. The Pavlik harness was applied to keep the knee in position for 1.5-2.0 months if passive flexion achieved 90°or more. If passive flexion was below 90°, the polyester material casting bandage was employed to increase knee flexion, and the bandage was changed once a week. After passive flexion reached 90°, the patient was treated with the Pavlik harness for 1.5-2. 0 months. Cases with DDH who worn the Pavlik harness were evaluated by ultrasonography in the follow - up period, and cases with clubfoot were treated with Ponseti polyester material casting bandages. Results Three children (4 knees) were directly fixed with Pavlik harness for 1.5-2. 0 months, 9 children (9 knees) were fixed with Pavlik harness for 1.5-2.0 months after 1-8 times (average 2. 9 times) of plaster fixation. No plaster and Pavlik harness complications were found during the treatment. Twelve patients were followed up for 29. 8 months on average (12.0 to 65. 0 months). Ten patients (11 knees) were rated excellent, and 2 patients (2 knees) were rated good. Conclusions The Pavlik harness and polyester material casting bandage for early treatment of CDK is simple, effective and safe. Associated musculoskeletal anomalies can also be corrected in the treatment process. The knee joint dislocation should be treated at first. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics. All rights reserved.     

Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: 20 years study in a tertiary care hospital

Background:Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe life-threatening skin conditions.The most common cause of these manifestations is medications.Beside discontinued of the culprit drug,systemic corticosteroids were used as a primary treatment option among pediatric population.This study aimed to explore causative drugs (drug group/ latent period),treaments,complications,and treatment outcome (morbidity,mortality,length of hospital stay) of SJS and TEN in children.Methods:A retrospective chart was reviewed during the period of 1992 to 2012 at Srinagarind Hospital,Faculty of Medicine,Khon Kaen University,Thailand.SJS and TEN were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by pediatric dermatologists.Other possible causes other than drug-induced SJS and TEN were excluded.Results:A total of 30 patients was recorded,including 24 (80％) SJS patients and 6 (20％) TEN patients.The mean age was 6.9 years (SD 4.4).Male to female ratio was 1.5:1.Antiepileptic drug group was the most common causative drug (n=18,60％),followed by antibiotic drug group (n=8,26.6％),and others (n=4,13.3％) which included nonsteroidal antiinflammtory drugs (NSAIDs) and chemotherapy drugs.Systemic corticosteroids were used in 29 patients (96.6％).Intravenous immunoglobulin was used in one TEN patient (3.3％).There was a medium correlation between time to treatment (systemic corticosteroids) and the length of hospital stay (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.63,P=0.005).Two TEN patients (6.6％) died.Conclusions:Carbamazepine was the most common causative drug of SJS and TEN in our study.The severity of skin detachment is not correlated to severity of ocular findings.However,the persistent of ocular complications up to one year is suggested for promptly appropriate ocular treatment in all SJS and TEN patients.Our data suggested that early administration of systemic corticosteroid may reduce the length of hospital stay and should be considered for the treatment of pediatric drug-induced SJS and TEN.     

急性肺损伤患儿肺复张策略联合小潮气量通气治疗15例

Objective To determine the effects and feasibility of recruitment maneuver (RM) on children with acute lung injury (ALI), and to establish a more reasonable ventilation strategy in the treatment of pediatric ALI. Method A prospective physiologic study was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Fifteen consecutive eligible pediatric patients with ALI according to the 1994 AECC definition were enrolled in this study. The children received the ventilation of RM with low tidal volume. The clinician administered RM was performed at 30 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for 30 seconds. RMs were conducted once every eight hours for five days. Data on gas exchange,lung mechanics and hemodynamics from pre-RM to post-RM ( at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) was recorded at the first, third and fifth day. To monitor the pathogenic conditions of children, the radiographic examination was rechecked for every child within one week. At last, we documented the mortality and the length of ventilation of every patient. Result On the first, third and fifth day, the P/F ratio of the patients was 243.8 mm Hg,281.8 mm Hg and 309.9 mm Hg respectively, and significant improvements in oxygenation were first, third and fifth day ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Though there were some changes in blood pressure and heart rate following RM, no statistically significant changes were found during the course of RM. During the entire study of 5 days, all the 11 subjects whose chest radiograph showed infiltration had improvements, the length of ventilation was (10. 15 ± 4. 3 ) d. Conclusion RM can significantly improve the oxygenation and attenuate the deterioration in pulmonary function in treatment for pediatric ALI and improve the lung compliance. It is safe and feasible.     

急性肺损伤患儿肺复张策略联合小潮气量通气治疗15例

Objective To determine the effects and feasibility of recruitment maneuver (RM) on children with acute lung injury (ALI), and to establish a more reasonable ventilation strategy in the treatment of pediatric ALI. Method A prospective physiologic study was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Fifteen consecutive eligible pediatric patients with ALI according to the 1994 AECC definition were enrolled in this study. The children received the ventilation of RM with low tidal volume. The clinician administered RM was performed at 30 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for 30 seconds. RMs were conducted once every eight hours for five days. Data on gas exchange,lung mechanics and hemodynamics from pre-RM to post-RM ( at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) was recorded at the first, third and fifth day. To monitor the pathogenic conditions of children, the radiographic examination was rechecked for every child within one week. At last, we documented the mortality and the length of ventilation of every patient. Result On the first, third and fifth day, the P/F ratio of the patients was 243.8 mm Hg,281.8 mm Hg and 309.9 mm Hg respectively, and significant improvements in oxygenation were first, third and fifth day ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Though there were some changes in blood pressure and heart rate following RM, no statistically significant changes were found during the course of RM. During the entire study of 5 days, all the 11 subjects whose chest radiograph showed infiltration had improvements, the length of ventilation was (10. 15 ± 4. 3 ) d. Conclusion RM can significantly improve the oxygenation and attenuate the deterioration in pulmonary function in treatment for pediatric ALI and improve the lung compliance. It is safe and feasible.     

改良UW灌注液治疗新生猪急性肾小管坏死的实验研究

Objective To determine the effect of the modified UW (University of Wisconsin)solution in the treatment of acute renal tubular necrosis in newborn swine. Methods Ten one-week-old newborn swine were used to establish the animal model of acute renal tubular necrosis by clamping their renal arteries,and were divided into two groups: the model group( n = 5 ) and the treatment group ( n = 5 ) in which fructose diphosphate sodium UW solution was used. Sham surgery was performed on other five swine, which were used as the sham group. At 12 h,l d,2 d,3 d and 7 d after the operation,the urine volume,urine protein,blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(Cr) were determined. At 12 h ,24 h and 7 d after the operation ,renal pathological examination was conducted. Results The renal pathological examination and the blood biochemistry tests showed that the animal model was successful. BUN and Cr in the model group and the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the sham group at 12 h after operation(P ＜0. 05) ,and they arrived at their peak values at 2 d after operation,showed remarkable decline at 7 d,especially in treatment group,and returned to the level of the sham group. The urine protein in the model group and treatment group were higher than those in the sham group at various times(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01) and it peaked at 1 d after operation,then declining gradually,especially in the treatment group. Compared with the sham group,there were a significant decrease in the urine volume at various times in the model group(P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ) ,while in the treatment group,the decrease in the urine volume were significant only at 12 h, 1 d and 2 d( P ＜ 0. 05 ) ,and turned insignificant at 3 d and 7 d. The pathological examination showed that the pathological changes in the treatment group were significantly milder than those in the model group. Conclusion The modified UW solution is effective in reducing the acute renal tubular necrosis in newborn swine.     

经导管动脉栓塞治疗婴儿颌面部巨大血管瘤

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of transcatheter arterial em-bolization (TAE) in infantile huge hemangiomas. Methods From 2005 to 2007, 25 consecutive cases of huge hemangioma that aged 1- 9mon ( mean 3.7±1.34 mon) and weighed 4.3 to 8kg (mean 6.52 ±0.86 kg) were treated by TAE. The support artery of hemangioma was embolized by Bleomycin-lip-iodol emulsion (PLE) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) in succession. Results Twenty-five cases under-went 35 times of TAE (1-3 times per each case with a mean of 1.4 times). The average hospitalization was 3.2 days (range 2-5 d ). The effective rate was 100% (25/25). The average follow-up period was 10. 44 months (range 6-16 months) without relapse. No serious complications such as pulmonary em-bolism and cerebral embolism occurred. Conclusions The advantages of TAE in the treatment for huge hernangioma in infancy are safe , effective, less trauma, short hospitalization and good cosmetic out-come.     

经导管动脉栓塞治疗婴儿颌面部巨大血管瘤

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of transcatheter arterial em-bolization (TAE) in infantile huge hemangiomas. Methods From 2005 to 2007, 25 consecutive cases of huge hemangioma that aged 1- 9mon ( mean 3.7±1.34 mon) and weighed 4.3 to 8kg (mean 6.52 ±0.86 kg) were treated by TAE. The support artery of hemangioma was embolized by Bleomycin-lip-iodol emulsion (PLE) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) in succession. Results Twenty-five cases under-went 35 times of TAE (1-3 times per each case with a mean of 1.4 times). The average hospitalization was 3.2 days (range 2-5 d ). The effective rate was 100% (25/25). The average follow-up period was 10. 44 months (range 6-16 months) without relapse. No serious complications such as pulmonary em-bolism and cerebral embolism occurred. Conclusions The advantages of TAE in the treatment for huge hernangioma in infancy are safe , effective, less trauma, short hospitalization and good cosmetic out-come.