肌肉能量技术治疗强直性脊柱炎活动期功能障碍疗效观察

目的:应用肌肉能量技术(MET)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS),观察MET对AS活动期的疼痛、关节活动度、肌力、炎症指标的改善情况,寻求针对AS患者功能障碍的可行的物理治疗方法。方法:将AS活动期患者24例按照随机数字表分为实验组10例和对照组14例,2组均采用常规药物(塞来昔布)治疗,实验组同时接受MET治疗。针对AS不同的功能障碍点,以疼痛VAS评分为依据,分别运用MET技术中的多种治疗方法进行综合治疗,共治疗3个月。比较治疗前后2组的疼痛(VAS)、关节活动度(ROM)、肌力(MMT)、强直性脊柱炎Schober试验、Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动性指数(BASDAI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能性指数(BASFI)及红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果 :(1)与治疗前比较,实验组疼痛VAS、BASFI、BASDAI、ESR、CRP明显降低(P0.05),肌力、颈椎ROM、胸椎ROM、腰椎ROM、Schober评分明显升高(P0.05);对照组疼痛VAS、ESR明显降低(P0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,实验组治疗后疼痛VAS、BASFI、BASDAI明显降低(P0.05),肌力、腰椎ROM、Schober评分明显升高(P0.05)。结论 :肌肉能量技术可应用于活动期的强直性脊柱炎患者,对疼痛、腰椎关节活动度、肌力、强直性脊柱炎功能指标的改善具有明显的疗效。     

中西医结合延续护理对强直性脊柱炎病人生存质量的影响

[目的]探讨中西医结合延续护理对强直性脊柱炎病人生存质量的影响。[方法]将100例强直性脊柱炎病人按入院时间分为观察组和对照组各50例。院内阶段两组均给予强直性脊柱炎常规护理和健康教育,指导功能锻炼,出院时发放健康教育手册及视频训练光盘;观察组出院后实施中西医结合延续护理方案。出院6个月后比较两组治疗前后毕氏强直性脊柱炎功能指数量表(BASFI)、疼痛、胸廓活动度、Schober试验、指地距、枕墙距、脊柱僵硬时间,以及健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)评分。[结果]观察组病人干预后BASFI得分、关节功能相关指数以及SF-36得分明显优于本组干预前及干预后对照组病人。[结论]对强直性脊柱炎病人实施中西医结合延续护理,能够提高病人的生活质量,增进护患沟通,促进疾病康复。     

渐进性关节功能锻炼对强直性脊柱炎患者的影响

目的 探讨渐进性关节功能锻炼对于强直性脊柱炎患者产生的影响.方法 选择强直性脊柱炎患者100例作为研究对象,将患者按照随机对照表分为观察组与对照组各50例.对照组给予常规功能锻炼康复护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予渐进性关节功能锻炼.比较干预前及干预后3个月两组患者的关节功能评分与脊柱及其特定部位的功能.结果 观察组干预后3个月强直性脊柱炎功能指数、活动指数及全身关节僵硬程度、疼痛程度评分均低于对照组,颈椎旋转度、胸廓活动度、改良Schober指数、脊柱侧弯均显著高于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 渐进性关节功能锻炼能够明显改善强直性脊柱炎临床症状,保持良好的脊柱关节活动度,维护关节功能.     

脊柱康复操在中轴型脊柱关节炎病人中的应用

目的:探究脊柱康复操应用于中轴型脊柱关节炎病人的效果及对脊柱活动度、功能状态的影响。方法:选取2021年2月—2022年8月科室收治的94例中轴型脊柱关节炎病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组,每组47例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上增加脊柱康复操,比较干预前后两组病人疾病缓解程度[Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动性指数(BASDAI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎计量指数量表(BASMI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能性指数(BASFI)]、脊柱活动度(胸廓活动度、脊柱活动度、枕墙距)、心理情况[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]。结果:干预后观察组病人BASDAI、SAS、SDS、BASMI、BASFI评分,枕墙距小于对照组;胸廓活动度、脊柱活动度优于对照组,经比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:脊柱康复操用了中轴型脊柱关节炎病人可有效改善脊柱活动度和脊柱功能,缓解负性情绪。     

基于微信指导的延续性运动疗法对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态及生存质量的影响

目的研究延续性运动疗法对强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者功能状态及生存质量的影响。方法选取2016年11月至2017年10月烟台市烟台山医院风湿免疫科收治的100例AS患者,采用随机数字表分为试验组和对照组,各50例。试验组给予常规护理及运动干预,出院后给予基于微信指导的延续性运动干预。对照组在住院期间仅给予常规护理。使用疾病活动得分、脊柱功能指数比较两组患者干预8 w后功能状态,使用健康状况调查问卷比较两组患者干预8 w后生活质量得分。结果干预后试验组Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动得分(ASDAS)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)评分、总体健康、社会功能、精神健康、生理、心理总分显著均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对AS患者实施延续性运动疗法有利于改善患者的疾病活动度、脊柱功能,提高AS患者的生活质量,值得临床推广。     

护理干预对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态的影响

目的探讨护理干预对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态的影响。方法随机将81例患者分为实验组与对照组。实验组由护士进行系统的指导功能锻炼,对照组则实施无系统的锻炼。分别于治疗前后,以BASFI对2组患者的功能状态进行评估。结果实验组功能指数明显优于对照组。结论护理干预对强直性脊柱炎患者的功能恢复有显著作用,应加强对强直性脊柱炎患者功能的系统锻炼。     

关节功能训练对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态的影响

目的探讨关节功能训练对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态的影响。方法将46例强直性脊柱炎患者,随机分为观察组24例和对照组22例。对照组采用常规护理。观察组给予强化关节功能训练。分别于治疗后,以毕氏强直性脊柱炎关节功能指数(BASFI)和病情活动指数(BASDAI)对两组患者的关节功能状态进行评估。结果观察组BASFI和BASDAI评分优于对照组(P0.05)。结论关节功能训练对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能恢复作用显著,应加强强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能系统训练。     

疼痛护理干预对强直性脊柱炎患者睡眠质量评分调查

目的 调查疼痛护理干预对强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者睡眠质量评分.方法 连续收集近期住院的AS患者39例,入选对象接受了疼痛护理干预,内容包括:认知干预护理、心理护理、镇痛药护理和相关基础护理,干预前后使用“匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷”(PSQI)评估.结果 疼痛护理干预后,39例AS患者的睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍和日间功能等各成分评分以及PSQI总分均明显优于干预前(P均＜0.01～0.05).结论 疼痛护理干预可以明显改善AS患者的主观睡眠质量指标评分.     

穴位贴敷结合护理干预改善强直性脊柱炎腰部僵痛的临床观察

[目的]观察穴位贴敷结合护理干预改善强直性脊柱炎腰部僵痛的临床疗效。[方法]将40例强直性脊柱炎病人随机分为观察组和对照组各20例,对照组给予常规药物治疗和护理,观察组在此基础上加用穴位贴敷及综合护理。观察并比较两组病人治疗前后腰部疼痛程度、晨僵持续时间、脊柱活动度（以腰部活动度为主）的变化。[结果]观察组治疗后腰部疼痛程度低于对照组,晨僵持续时间短于对照组,脊柱活动度优于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]穴位贴敷结合护理干预能改善强直性脊柱炎腰部僵痛症状,提高病人舒适度和生活质量。     

系统健康教育对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨系统健康教育对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能和生活质量的影响。方法:将52例强直性脊柱炎患者随机分为观察组30例和对照组22例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组给予系统健康教育。分别于治疗前后,以毕氏强直性脊柱炎功能指数表(BASFI)和生活质量核心表(QOL-C30)对两组患者的关节功能和生活质量进行评定。结果:观察组BASFI表功能指数评分高于对照组(P<0.01),躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:系统健康教育对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能恢复和提高患者生活质量作用显著。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.