甲状腺功能亢进患者心理健康与冲动性人格关系

目的 评估甲状腺功能亢进(以下简称甲亢)患者心理健康状况及其与冲动性人格关系,初步探讨心理健康与冲动性人格在甲亢发病过程中的作用.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和冲动性人格量表对在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院抽取的217例甲亢患者进行评分测定.结果 甲亢患者症状自评量表躯体化(1.59±0.56)分,人际关系敏感(1.37±0.46)分,焦虑(1.50±0.56)分,恐怖(1.34±0.48)分,均明显高于常模,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);躯体性冲动与强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性、躯体化、偏执均呈正相关(P＜0.05或0.01);认知行为冲动与强迫、抑郁、敌对、偏执、精神病性、躯体化、焦虑、恐怖均呈正相关(P＜0.05或0.01),与人际敏感关系无关,计划性冲动与躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性均无关.结论 甲亢患者总体心理健康状况较差,冲动性人格特征与甲亢发病有关.     

北京部分社区老年人心理状况调查及分析

目的 调查北京市部分社区老年人的心理状况及其影响因素,为开展老年人心理保健工作提供参考.方法 采用SCL-90量表对北京市8个社区410名60岁以上老年人进行调查.结果 410名老年人SCL-90总分为(141.34±48.76),总均分为(1.51±0.32),均明显高于中国成人常模(P＜0.05);躯体化、恐惧、强迫、抑郁、焦虑因子得分明显偏高,而人际关系敏感、偏执、精神病性因子得分则偏低(P＜0.05).男性强迫、敌对因子得分明显高于女性,人际关系敏感、焦虑和抑郁因子得分明显低子女性(P＜0.05);初中及以下文化程度老年人强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和恐惧因子得分均明显高于高中及以上文化程度老年人(P＜0.05);患各种慢性病老年人躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑和恐惧因子得分均明显高于身体健康老年人(P＜0.05);丧偶或独身老年人强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执和恐惧因子得分均明显高于婚姻持续老年人(P＜0.05).结论 老年人随着年龄增大、生理机能减退和社会角色改变,总体心理健康水平偏低,性别、文化程度、身体状况及婚姻状况是影响老年人心理状况的重要因素.     

中老年糖尿病足患者心理状况分析

目的探讨糖尿病足患者的心理健康状况.方法采用SCL-90(症状自评量表)对68例糖尿病患者进行心理状态评估,采用SPSS11.5统计分析软件包对数据进行统计分析与处理.结果糖尿病足患者心理障碍阳性率极高,依次为焦虑、抑郁、恐怖、躯体化、人际关系、强迫、偏执、敌对、精神病性.糖尿病足患者SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等各项指标高于非糖尿病足患者,更明显高于国内常模,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论糖尿病足病患者存在严重的心理健康问题,在治疗躯体疾病的同时积极的心理疏导是必要的.     

边防军嫂心理健康水平调查与分析

目的调查了解边防部队军嫂心理健康水平,研究制订有效的预防及干预措施。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对边防某部随军军嫂进行心理测评分析。结果军嫂SCL-90的测量结果中,躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑各因子分值分别为1.58±0.45、1.80±0.49、1.86±0.45、1.70±0.55、1.59±0.40,均明显高于中国常模值(P0.05);城镇籍军嫂躯体化、焦虑、敌对因子分明显高于农村籍军嫂(P0.05),农村籍军嫂人际关系敏感、抑郁因子分明显高于城镇籍军嫂(P0.05);干部家属躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分明显高于士官家属,士官家属强迫症状、人际关系敏感因子分明显高于干部家属(P0.05)。结论边防军嫂的心理健康水平偏低,应进行有针对性的个性化心理干预。     

某部高射炮兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的 了解某部高射炮兵的心理健康状况及其影响因素.方法 采用自编的基本情况调查表和临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)对143名某部高射炮兵进行了调查与分析.结果 某部高射炮兵SCL-90的总分(151.88±38.39)、躯体化(1.63±0.48)、强迫症状(1.95±0.59)、焦虑(1.67±0.51)、敌对(1.78±0.62)因子得分显著高于中国军人常模(P分别＜0.05、0.01及0.001);第2年兵SCL-90各因子(除躯体化因子外)分均低于其他3组士兵;义务兵各因子(除躯体化因子外)分均低于士官,且在人际关系敏感和恐怖因子得分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);初中及以下学历组在总分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、偏执和精神病性因子上的得分与大学及以上学历组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城镇士兵与农村士兵相比在人际关系敏感、焦虑因子分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);家庭经济状况较差组在总分、躯体化、抑郁因子分上与家庭经济状况中等组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 某部高射炮兵的心理健康状况不容乐观,开展心理健康教育与疏导工作,为官兵创造良好的外界环境将有利于其心理健康水平的提高.     

性病患者的心理状况调查与心理干预

[目的]了解性病患者的心理状况,为临床开展性健康教育、性病咨询和对性病患者进行心理干预提供依据.[方法]采用问卷调查和深入访谈的方式进行调查.调查的内容包括性病患者对性病的认知状况、对性健康教育及心理干预的认同与需求、症状自评量评（SCL-90）的9个基本症状因子.[结果]性病患者SCL-90的得分与常模比较,其躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等各因子的得分高于常模（P＜0.01）.性病患者中有焦虑、抑郁和强迫心理的人数比例最大;其次是偏执、敌对和人际关系;人数比例最小的是躯体化、恐怖和精神病性.性病患者干预组与对照组的SCL-90各因子分的比较,除了恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子差异无显著差异性外,其余因子的均分干预组都低于对照组,干预组所有因子的均分都低于2分.[结论]性病患者存在着广泛的心理健康问题,应高度重视对他们的性健康教育和性心理干预.     

59例不孕不育患者的心理分析与护理

目的 探讨59倒不孕不育患者的心理特点与护理干预措施.方法 本组不孕不育患者共59例,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测评,并将相关数据结果与国内常模比较,分析不孕不育患者的心理特点及其影响因素.结果 不孕不育患者出现焦虑、抑郁、敌对、躯体化及人际关系敏感症状的因子分显著高于国内常模分,差异存在明显的统计学意义(P＜0.05);不孕不育患者出现偏执、恐怖症状的因子分与国内常模分相比,P＞0.05,差异不具有统计学意义,故不孕不育患者较少出现偏执、恐怖症状.结论 不孕不育患者存在明显的心理问题,需采取相应的护理干预措施.     

某医院护工心理状况的调查

目的 了解某医院护工的心理状况为心理健康干预提供参改依据.方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某医院老年干部病房护工进行测评,与国内常模做比较.结果 受调查护工SAS、SDS评分高于国内常模,SCL-90测评因子在躯体化、人际关系、焦虑、抑郁、敌对项高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 受调查护工存在焦虑、抑郁等心理障碍.     

中学生漏斗胸患者心理健康状况与人格特征的相关研究

【目的】 研究中学生漏斗胸患者的心理健康水平与人格特征的关系,为建立该病的生理-心理-社会综合治疗方案提供依据。 【方法】 选取2009年7月-2011年5月期间入北京军区总院胸外科诊治且心理问卷有效的中学生漏斗胸患者57例,对其症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)测查结果进行常模对照与相关分析。 【结果】 患者SCL-90中的躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对5个因子分显著高于常模(P＜0.05),EPQ中男女生均在内外向(E)与神经质(N)2个因子分显著高于常模(P＜0.05);EPQ中N与SCL-90各因子均呈正相关,E与躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等6项因子呈负相关,P与人际关系、抑郁呈正相关,L与强迫、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执等5项因子呈负相关。 【结论】 漏斗胸患者的心理健康水平较低,其人格特征多为外倾-不稳定型;术前心理测验对于制定合理治疗方案具有重要意义。     

痉挛性斜颈患者的心理测评

目的 对痉挛性斜颈患者的心理因素进行分析,研究其与本病发病机制的关联.方法 对21例痉挛性斜颈患者(斜颈组)采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查,并与中国人常模(常模组)进行对比.结果 斜颈组躯体化因子(1.67±0.59)分、焦虑因子(1.95±0.74)分、恐怖因子(1.63±0.59)分及精神病性因子(1.56±0.60)分,均明显高于常模组[分别为(1.37±0.48)、(1.39±0.43)、(1.23±0.41)、(1.29±0.42)分](P＜0.05).而两组强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对及偏执因子评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 痉挛性斜颈患者的心理因素中,躯体化、焦虑、恐怖及精神病性因子评分较正常人群有异常升高,提示本病伴有上述心理异常表现.心理因素是否与痉挛性斜颈发病机制有关尚待进一步研究.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.