首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
目的 探究农村男性人群体质指数和心血管疾病死亡风险的关系。方法 以唐河、凤凰县农村地区纳入“影响成年人死亡相关危险因素的前瞻性研究”项目的22 282名≥40岁的男性人群为研究对象,应用Cox比例风险回归模型计算基线不同BMI分组的人群在随访期间的心血管疾病(CVD)死亡的风险(HR)值。结果 研究对象人群随访年限为(19.1±8.7)年,随访期间共死亡10 828人,死亡比例为48.6%,有4 504例死亡归因于心血管疾病。其中1 279例死于缺血性心脏病(IHD),1 201例死于缺血性卒中(IS),1 317例死于出血性卒中(HS),707例死于其他心血管疾病。用Cox比例风险回归模型(调整地区、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、吸烟、饮酒、血压等因素)进行多因素分析显示,以BMI<18 kg/m2为参照,当20 kg/m2≤BMI<22 kg/m2时患CVD的死亡风险最低,HR=0.95(95% CI:0.83~1.09),但从统计学分析,各组BMI的死亡风险差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);当20 kg/m2≤BMI<22 kg/m2时人群患IHD的死亡风险最低,HR=0.64(95% CI:0.52~0.80)(P<0.05),当BMI≥24 kg/m2时人群IHD死亡风险与BMI<18 kg/m2人群的风险之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);IS死亡风险与人群BMI变化无显著性差异(P>0.05);当18 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2时人群患HS的死亡风险高于BMI<18 kg/m2组人群(P<0.05),其中26 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2时人群患HS死亡风险最高,HR=1.88(95% CI:1.18~2.99)。结论 偏瘦或正常体重人群的CVD、IHD的死亡风险最低,超重人群的HS死亡风险较高,保持合理体重可降低心血管疾病患者的死亡风险。  相似文献   

2.
目的 分析江苏省2型糖尿病患者发病年龄、病程和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与缺血性脑卒中(IS)发病风险的关联。方法 研究对象来自江苏省社区糖尿病综合干预及应用研究,2013年12月至2014年1月开展基线调查,本研究随访数据截至2021年12月31日,剔除基线诊断为脑卒中以及发病年龄、病程和HbA1c信息缺失的参与者后,最终共纳入17 576名研究对象。采用Cox比例风险回归模型计算发病年龄、病程、HbA1c与IS发病的风险比(HR)值及其95%CI结果 研究对象中位随访时间8.02年,期间共登记IS新发病例2 622名。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,糖尿病发病年龄每延迟5年,IS发病风险降低5%(HR=0.95,95%CI:0.92~0.99),糖尿病病程每增加5年,IS发病风险增加5%(HR=1.05,95%CI:1.02~1.10),较高的HbA1c(每增加1个标准差:HR=1.17,95%CI:1.13~1.21)与IS发病风险增加相关。结论 2型糖尿病患者较早的发病年龄、更长的病程和较高水平的HbA1c均与IS发病风险增加相关。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨我国成年人红肉摄入水平与脑卒中发病的关联。方法 选取2010年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测11个省60个监测点的数据作为基线数据,2016-2017年进行随访调查,完成随访且调查资料完整者共27 762人。采用多元营养素密度Cox比例风险回归模型分析红肉摄入水平与脑卒中发病的关联。并按照基线特征进行亚组分析,应用标准多元模型、能量分解模型和营养素残差模型进行敏感性分析。结果 研究对象共26 187人,平均随访6.0年,共发生脑卒中1 259人,其中缺血性脑卒中1 074人;脑卒中和缺血性脑卒中发病密度分别为815.0/10万人年和692.0/10万人年。调整相关混杂因素后,以红肉摄入水平Q1组为参照,Q2组脑卒中发病风险未增加[风险比(HR)=1.07,95%CI:0.87~1.32],Q3~Q5组脑卒中发病风险分别增加23%(HR=1.23,95%CI:1.00~1.51)、27%(HR=1.27,95%CI:1.03~1.58)和32%(HR=1.32,95%CI:1.06~1.64);Q2组缺血性脑卒中发病风险未增加(HR=1.03,95%CI:0.80~1.32),Q3~Q5组缺血性脑卒中发病风险分别增加32%(HR=1.32,95%CI:1.04~1.68)、35%(HR=1.35,95%CI:1.05~1.73)和38%(HR=1.38,95%CI:1.07~1.79)。亚组分析发现,血压对红肉摄入水平与脑卒中发病风险存在效应修饰作用(交互P=0.037)。敏感性分析结果未发生明显变化。结论 红肉摄入水平过高,脑卒中及缺血性脑卒中发病风险增加,控制红肉摄入水平可能对我国的脑卒中防控具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析我国成年人腰围身高比与脑卒中及其亚型发病关联。方法 从2010年中国慢性病监测项目选取60个监测点人群(城市监测点25个、农村监测点35个)作为本次研究对象,共计36 632人。将2010年中国慢性病监测项目数据作为基线数据。2016-2017年进行随访,完成随访者27 762人。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析腰围身高比与脑卒中及其亚型发病风险比。并按年龄、性别等基线特征进行亚组分析,剔除死亡者和基线糖尿病患者进行敏感性分析。结果 脑卒中分析,共纳入27 112名研究对象,观察到脑卒中事件1 333例;缺血性卒中分析,共纳入26 907名研究对象,观察到缺血性卒中事件1 128例;出血性卒中分析,共纳入25 984名研究对象,观察到出血性卒中事件205例。调整相关混杂因素后,以腰围身高比0~0.45组为参照,脑卒中分析,腰围身高比0.46~0.49、0.50~0.54和≥ 0.55组脑卒中发病风险分别增加21%(HR=1.21,95%CI:1.00~1.46)、26%(HR=1.26,95%CI:1.04~1.53)和60%(HR=1.60,95%CI:1.29~1.99),亚组分析发现,年龄对腰围身高比与脑卒中发病风险存在效应修饰作用(交互P=0.001);缺血性卒中分析,腰围身高比0.46~0.49、0.50~0.54和≥ 0.55组缺血性卒中发病风险分别增加30%(HR=1.30,95%CI:1.05~1.60)、33%(HR=1.33,95%CI:1.07~1.64)和61%(HR=1.61,95%CI:1.26~2.05),亚组分析发现,年龄对腰围身高比与缺血性卒中发病风险存在效应修饰作用(交互P=0.024);出血性卒中分析,腰围身高比≥ 0.55组出血性卒中发病风险增加73%(HR=1.73,95%CI:1.02~2.94),0.46~0.49和0.50~0.54组差异无统计学意义。敏感性分析结果未发生变化。结论 控制体重预防脑卒中及其亚型,可将腰围身高比作为体重控制指标之一。尤其重点关注腰围身高比≥ 0.55的年龄<50岁人群,同时不应忽视腰围身高比0.46~0.49人群。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨不同BMI水平对新发急性胰腺炎(AP)发病风险的影响。方法 观察人群来自开滦研究队列,按基线BMI水平分为:正常体重组(BMI<24 kg/m2),超重组(BMI 24~28 kg/m2)和肥胖组(BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2),观察不同BMI组人群新发AP发病密度。经Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,计算累积发病率,以log-rank法进行检验,并采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析基线BMI水平对新发AP事件的影响。结果 共纳入统计分析者123 841人,随访(11.94±2.13)年,共发生AP 395例,总人群AP发病密度为2.67例/万人年,正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组AP发病密度分别为2.20、2.72和3.58例/万人年,累积发病率分别为0.32%、0.40%和0.49%。经log-rank检验,累积发病率的组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.17,P<0.01)。校正多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,与正常体重组比较,肥胖组AP发病风险增加,HR=1.45(95%CI:1.10~1.92)。对年龄及性别进行分层,年龄<60岁时,肥胖组发生AP的HR=1.58(95%CI:1.14~2.19);男性肥胖组发生AP的HR=1.40(95%CI:1.03~1.90)。排除随访2年内发生的AP病例,肥胖组发生AP的HR=1.60(95%CI:1.18~2.15)。结论 肥胖是新发AP的危险因素,中青年男性肥胖人群发病风险更高。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨BMI与全死因死亡和缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病等死因别死亡的前瞻性关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究队列的10个地区人群数据,剔除基线时自报患有冠心病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺病和糖尿病的个体后,纳入基线时30~79岁的研究对象共428 593人。利用Cox比例风险模型计算9组BMI人群死亡风险比值(HR)及其95%CI结果 研究人群累计随访3 085 054人年(平均随访7.2年)。随访期间男性7 862人、女性6 315人死亡。多因素调整后,与BMI(kg/m2)为20.5~22.4的人群相比,BMI<18.5(HR=1.40,95%CI:1.31~1.50)、BMI为18.5~20.4(HR=1.11,95%CI:1.05~1.17)和BMI≥35.0(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.60~2.61)的人群全死因死亡风险升高。各疾病死亡风险相对较低的BMI(kg/m2)范围:缺血性心脏病为18.5~23.9,脑血管病为<26.0,恶性肿瘤为26.0~34.9,呼吸系统疾病为24.0~25.9。结论 低体重和肥胖人群的全死因死亡与死因别死亡风险升高。人群队列更长期的随访以及更多关于BMI与主要慢性病发病风险的评估,将有助于全面了解BMI对人群健康的影响。  相似文献   

7.
目的 分析我国成年人BMI和腰围与缺血性卒中发病风险的关联。方法 从2010年中国慢性病监测项目选取60个监测点人群(城市监测点25个、农村监测点35个)作为本次研究对象,共计36 632人。将2010年中国慢性病监测项目数据作为基线数据。2016-2017年对该60个监测点人群进行随访,实际完成者27 762人。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析不同人群BMI和腰围与缺血性卒中发病风险比,敏感性分析将死亡者和高胆固醇血症者剔除。结果 共纳入26 907人进入分析,随访期间观察到缺血性卒中事件1 128例(男性491例,女性637例)。调整相关混杂因素后,以BMI正常/腰围正常者为参照,全人群和男性具有CVD危险因素人群,BMI正常/腹型肥胖组、超重/腹型肥胖组和肥胖/腹型肥胖组缺血性卒中发病风险分别增加50%(HR=1.50,95% CI:1.07~2.08)、51%(HR=1.51,95% CI:1.20~1.91)、46%(HR=1.46,95% CI:1.09~1.96)和63%(HR=1.63,95% CI:1.12~2.38)、56%(HR=1.56,95% CI:1.20~2.03)、45%(HR=1.45,95% CI:1.05~2.01),超重/腰围正常组未见发病风险增加;女性全人群和女性CVD危险因素人群,超重/腹型肥胖组和肥胖/腹型肥胖组发病风险分别增加40%(HR=1.40,95% CI:1.15~1.72)、46%(HR=1.46,95% CI:1.16~1.83)和35%(HR=1.35,95% CI:1.08~1.69)、30%(HR=1.30,95% CI:1.01~1.67),超重/腰围正常组和BMI正常/腹型肥胖组未见发病风险增加。敏感性分析结果未见变化。结论 在男性人群中,超重/肥胖且腹型肥胖或单纯腹型肥胖缺血性卒中发病风险增加;在女性人群中,超重/肥胖且腹型肥胖发病风险增加;提示在控制体重预防缺血性卒中,应将BMI和腰围进行结合来评价人群肥胖情况。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨5类高发慢性病及慢性病患病数目对老年人日常活动能力(ADL)的影响。方法 将2002年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查访问的10 501名老年人的调查信息作为基线数据,随访该队列人群至2014年,采用Cox比例风险模型分析5类高发慢性病及慢性病患病数目对不同年龄组老年人ADL的影响。结果 与不患任何慢性疾病的老年人比较,患高血压可增加各个年龄组老年人的ADL受损风险,65~74岁组增加43%(HR=1.43,95% CI:1.14~1.79),75~89岁组增加21%(HR=1.21,95% CI:1.02~1.43),90~105岁组增加20%(HR=1.20,95% CI:1.02~1.43);患糖尿病使65~74岁组老年人ADL受损风险增加102%(HR=2.02,95% CI:1.29~3.17),患脑血管病使ADL受损风险增加79%(HR=1.79,95% CI:1.24~2.58);在整个老年群体中,患1种慢性病使ADL受损风险增加13%(HR=1.13,95% CI:1.02~1.25),患≥ 2种慢性病使ADL受损风险增加25%(HR=1.25,95% CI:1.13~1.40);患≥ 2种慢性病使65~74、75~89岁老年人ADL受损风险分别增加50%(HR=1.50,95% CI:1.21~1.87)、17%(HR=1.17,95% CI:1.01~1.38)。结论 高血压是导致老年人ADL受损的重要危险因素;65~74岁组老年人患高血压、糖尿病、脑血管病或多种慢性病共患均可增加其ADL受损风险。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解山东省抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS的生存状况及影响因素。方法 运用Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法及累积发生函数(CIF)估算2003-2015年山东省抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS的艾滋病相关死亡发生率、部分分布比例风险回归模型(F-G模型)分析生存状况及影响因素。结果 竞争风险存在时,K-M法计算艾滋病相关死亡累积发生率高于CIF。CIF估算5 593例治疗HIV/AIDS随访1、3、5、10年艾滋病相关死亡累积发生率分别为3.08%、4.21%、5.37%和7.59%。大专及以上文化程度(HR=0.40,95% CI:0.24~0.65)HIV/AIDS的艾滋病相关死亡发生危险较低,现住址在鲁西地区(HR=1.33,95% CI:1.01~1.89)、医疗机构检测发现(HR=1.39,95% CI:1.06~1.80)、治疗基线方案含NVP(HR=1.36,95% CI:1.03~1.88)、治疗基线临床症状Ⅲ/Ⅳ期(HR=2.61,95% CI:1.94~3.53)、诊断1年后接受随访(HR=2.02,95% CI:1.30~3.15)、诊断基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)≤ 200个/μl(HR=3.41,95% CI:2.59~4.59)、治疗基线CD4 ≤ 350个/μl(HR=5.48,95% CI:2.32~12.72)的HIV/AIDS发生艾滋病相关死亡风险高。结论 竞争风险存在时,K-M法高估艾滋病相关死亡累积发生率,优选竞争风险模型进行生存分析;早诊断、及时随访、早治疗可降低HIV/AIDS艾滋病相关死亡。  相似文献   

10.
目的 分析湖北省美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)者退出状况及影响因素。方法 选取2006年6月至2021年12月在湖北省MMT门诊入组接受MMT者,收集社会人口学资料、吸毒史、MMT等信息,对其MMT的生存资料采用Kaplan-Meier法进行单因素分析,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险回归模型。结果 本研究共纳入26 716例MMT者,男女性别比为3.34∶1(20 557∶6 159);保持治疗时间为0.01~15.72年,中位时间为2.21(95%CI:2.16~2.26)年。截至随访终点,退出治疗比例为86.75%(23 175/26 716)。MMT者入组0~、2~、4~、9~和14~年累积保持治疗概率分别为67.61%、40.24%、30.03%、15.49%和6.56%。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,退出治疗风险较高的因素包括少数民族(HR=1.66,95%CI:1.52~1.82)、有职业(HR=1.05,95%CI:1.01~1.08)、无强制隔离戒毒史者(HR=1.04,95%CI:1.01~1.09)、入组治疗年份为2016-2021年者(HR=1.46,95%CI:1.35~1.58);退出治疗风险较低的因素包括入组时年龄≥60岁者(HR=0.56,95%CI:0.42~0.75)、大专及以上文化程度(HR=0.83,95%CI:0.75~0.91)、其他城市门诊(HR=0.90,95%CI:0.87~0.93)、吸毒年限≥20年(HR=0.72,95%CI:0.66~0.80)、日服药剂量≥90 mg(HR=0.73,95%CI:0.69~0.78)和入组治疗年份为2011-2015年者(HR=0.93,95%CI:0.89~0.97)。结论 湖北省MMT者退出治疗比例较高。退出治疗的影响因素较为复杂,MMT者的日服药剂量是在安全情况下可加以干预的因素,应在一定程度上适当维持在较高服药剂量。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

13.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

16.
This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.  相似文献   

17.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

18.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

19.
Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号