XRCC1基因和ERCC2基因多态与胃癌的研究

目的探讨DNA损伤修复相关基因XRCC1 Arg399Gln和ERCC2 Lys751Gln多态单独或联合与胃癌发病风险的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究设计,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法,对300例病例和300例对照进行基因型分析,采用多因素logistic回归模型因素分析各基因型以及基因之间交互作用与胃癌发病风险的关系。结果 XRCC1 Arg399Gln多态与胃癌发病风险无关;与携带751 Lys/Lys基因型的个体相比,携带751Gln/Gln基因型的个体胃癌发病的风险增加(OR=2.39,95%CI:1.47~3.89;P0.001)。XRCC1基因型和ERCC2基因型存在交互作用,携带XRCC1 399Arg/Gln和ERCC2 751Gln/Gln基因型者患胃癌的风险增加(OR=4.63,95%CI:2.11~10.16;P0.001),携带XRCC1 399Gln/Gln和ERCC2 751 Lys/Gln基因型者患胃癌的风险增加(OR=2.77,95%CI:1.48~5.19;P=0.001)。结论 XRCC1 Arg399Gln和ERCC2 Lys751Gln多态可能是胃癌的遗传易感因素。     

遗传易感性与胃癌发病危险研究进展

胃癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其病因尚未阐明,大量研究提出环境病因假说,然而同样生活在胃癌高发地区的相似环境中,却只有少数人发病,提示个体遗传易感性在胃癌发生中起重要作用.为探讨胃癌的遗传易感性,本对1997年以来在Pubmed上检索到的关于胃癌发病风险与遗传易感性的病例对照研究献进行综合分析,剔除病例数少于100例、未设对照组以及仅由血清或组化分析等献,共检索到29篇相关章,现综述如下     

SMAD7基因单核苷酸多态性与散发性胃癌、肠癌发病风险相关性研究

目的 探讨SMA D7基因上位点rs8085824多态性与胃癌、肠癌易感性的关系.方法 利用Sequenom系统对来自上海汉族人群的250例胃癌患者,229例肠癌患者及303例健康对照组进行位点rs8085824检测,并利用非条件Logistic回归对检测结果进行相关统计.结果 rs8085824位点多态性在胃癌病例对照组显性遗传模型中有显著性差异,携带等位基因T的CT-TT基因型与CC基因型相比较,OR值为2.564(95％ CI:1.152～5.704,P=0.021),rs8085824位点多态性分布在肠癌组中没有出现显著性差异.结论 SMAD7基因的位点rs8085824多态性位点与胃癌发病风险相关并符合显性遗传模型,与肠癌发病风险无相关性.     

SCN2A和 ABCB1与 CYP2C19*3单核苷酸多态性与抑郁症遗传易感性的关联分析

目的:遗传因素可增加抑郁症的发病风险,本研究通过分析13个候选基因与抑郁症的关联,探讨中国汉族人群抑郁症的遗传风险因子。方法:采用病例对照研究。选择2020年2月至2021年9月在广州医科大学附属脑科医院情感障碍科、成人精神科和老年科住院的439例抑郁症患者作为病例组,男性158例、女性281例,年龄为（29.84±1...     

IL-6174G/C基因多态性与胃肿瘤易感性多因素分析研究

目的评价IL-6的两个常见基因多态性174G/C和-572G/C与胃癌风险的相关关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法,病例来源于2009年5月到2012年6月新发胃癌162例和162例对照。采用PCR-RFLP方法测定IL-6 174G/C和IL-6 572G/C基因多态性。结果研究发现以IL-6 174GG基因型作为参照,携带IL-6 174CC基因型和C等位基因能显著性的增高胃癌发病风险,调整后的OR值(95%CI)分别为2.34(1.37~4.92)和1.63(1.05~2.62)。本研究未发现携带IL-6 572G/C基因多态性能够增加胃癌发病风险。结论本研究结果表明IL-6 174G/C基因多态性可能具有促进胃癌发生和发展的作用,但IL-6 572G/C和胃癌发病风险没有相关关系。     

晚餐-睡眠间隔时间和晚餐后散步与胃癌关系的病例对照研究

目的 探讨晚餐-睡眠间隔时间和晚餐后散步与胃癌的关系。方法 收集胃癌病例428例,同期选取年龄、性别匹配的健康对照441例。通过问卷调查研究对象的人口学特征、晚餐-睡眠间隔时间和晚餐后散步等生活行为习惯。结果 较短的晚餐-睡眠间隔时间可增加胃癌的发病风险（OR_adjusted=2.858,95% CI:1.893~4.314）,晚餐后无散步相比散步胃癌的发生风险增加（OR=2.909,95% CI:2.037~4.153）。较短的晚餐-睡眠间隔时间且餐后无散步患胃癌的危险性比较长间隔时间且散步的大（OR=6.427,95% CI:3.964~10.419）。晚餐-睡眠时间与晚餐后散步乘积项（OR_adjusted=1.572,95% CI:1.361~3.769）,交互作用系数为3.273。结论 较短的晚餐-睡眠间隔时间和晚餐后无散步与胃癌发生具有关联且两者之间的交互作用可增加胃癌的发病风险。     

XPG His1104Asp基因多态性与胃癌发病风险研究

目的评价XPG的两个常见SNPs和本地区胃癌发病风险的相关关系。方法纳入2008年1月-2012年12月期间238例新发胃癌病例,采用性别和年龄(5岁)进行1︰1匹配,在同一时间内某院体检的238例非肿瘤病人纳为对照。对XPG的XPG His1104Asp(rs17655)和XPG His46His(1800975)进行基因多态性分型,采用聚合酶反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法进行。结果幽门螺杆菌感染能够使患胃癌发病风险显著升高(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明,与携带rs17655 CC基因型相比,携带rs17655 GG基因型患胃癌的风险显著性的增加,调整后的OR值(95%CI为2.06(1.113.85)。同时,携带rs17655 G等位基因型与C等位基因型相比,患胃癌风险显著性增加,调整后的OR值(95%CI为1.42(1.071.88)。结论本研究表明XPG His1104Asp(rs17655)位点的遗传变异与胃癌发病风险存在相关关系。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平和生活饮食习惯与胃癌发病风险的关联研究

目的探讨江苏省扬中和宜兴市胃癌高发区人群血浆总同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)水平、生活饮食习惯与胃癌易感性的关系。方法采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究。经组织学确诊的高发区胃腺癌病例391例,并选择与病例年龄和性别频数匹配的人群对照608例,通过酶转换法定量检测血浆tHcy的浓度,比较不同tHcy水平与胃癌风险的关系,并探讨摄入蔬菜、水果、吸烟、饮酒等因素在其中的影响。结果胃癌患者血浆tHcy平均水平显著高于对照组(P=0．002)。同时按照正常对照组人群的血浆tHcy四分位数(7．9、10．1、13.7μmol／L)分类,以血浆tHcy≤7．9μmol／L为参照组,随着tHcy的增加,罹患胃癌的风险分别增加67％(调整OR=1．67,95％CI:1．12～2．48)、98％(调整OR=1．98,95％CI:1．33～2．94)和112％(调整OR=2．12,95％CI:1．44～3．15),并且呈现显著的递增趋势(x2=15．78,P<0．001)。同时摄入蔬菜、水果相对较多时可降低胃癌的发病风险。叉生分析表明,较少摄入蔬菜、水果、吸烟和饮酒者同时血浆tHcy>15．0μmol／L时罹患胃癌的风险比两种因素单独作用时的风险增强,但交互作用不显著。结论血浆高水平tHcy可增加罹患胃癌的风险,同时较少摄入蔬菜、水果、吸烟和饮酒等不良饮食生活习惯均可增加患病风险。     

基线体质指数与男性胃癌发病关系的前瞻性队列研究

目的 研究基线BMI与男性胃癌发病风险之间的关联。方法 基于开滦队列（2006-2015年）男性人群,收集身高、体重等流行病学信息。每两年随访1次,收集胃癌发病结局资料;检索开滦附属医院医疗信息系统、开滦集团保险系统、唐山市医疗保险系统,补充收集随访过程中可能遗漏的胃癌新发病例。以体重正常（18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI<24.0 kg/m²）人群为参照组,利用Cox风险比例模型分析基线BMI与男性胃癌发病风险的关联,计算发病风险比（HR）及其95% CI。结果 共纳入109 600名男性,共随访860 399.79人年,中位随访时间8.8年,收集胃癌新发病例272例。和正常体重人群相比,调整年龄、文化程度、吸烟状态、饮酒频率、粉尘暴露、食盐习惯、饮茶习惯等潜在的混杂因素后,体重过轻人群（BMI<18.5 kg/m²）胃癌发病风险升高（HR=2.11,95% CI：1.23~3.62）,超重/肥胖与胃癌发病风险无统计学关联。按照年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、粉尘暴露等进行分层分析,结果显示,高年龄组、高文化程度、不吸烟、不饮酒、不饮茶、有粉尘暴露人群中,低体重与胃癌发病关联依然有统计学意义。结论 体重过轻可能增加男性胃癌发病风险,且该关联受年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、粉尘暴露等因素影响。     

天津市胃癌的营养病因研究

<正> 天津市胃癌死亡率仅决于肺癌而居第二位。为研究胃癌发病与饮食、营养及其他因素的关系,我们进行了病例对照调查研究,结果如下:     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.