湖南省安化县2013-2016年手足口病住院负担估计

目的 估计2013年10月至2016年9月湖南省安化县各血清型及分年龄组的手足口病住院负担。方法 收集6家病毒学监测医院的儿童手足口病住院记录及23家乡镇卫生院的手足口病新农合报销记录,估计安化县分年龄组的手足口病住院负担。结合病毒学监测结果,估计各血清型肠道病毒（EV）相关的手足口病住院负担。结果 共纳入手足口病住院病例3 541例,其中实验室确诊病例数为3 146例。仅有1例为手足口病重症,其余均无并发症。临床诊断和实验室确诊手足口病平均住院率分别为723/10万（95% CI：699/10万~747/10万）和642/10万（95% CI：620/10万~665/10万）。柯萨奇病毒（Cox）A组16型（Cox A16）（208/10万）和6型（Cox A6）（202/10万）相关的手足口病住院率高于EV71（130/10万）、Cox A10（38/10万）和其他EV（64/10万）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。手足口病住院率在1岁组最高（3 845/10万）,之后随年龄增长住院率逐渐降低。与EV71和Cox A16相比,Cox A6相关的手足口病住院率表现出低年龄特点（P<0.001）。结论 湖南省安化县轻症手足口病住院负担严重,尤其在低年龄组儿童中,且主要由EV71、Cox A16、Cox A6和Cox A10导致。     

广州市中老年社区获得性肺炎住院患者特征及住院时长的影响因素研究

目的 分析广州市中老年社区获得性肺炎住院患者的流行病学特征、基础疾病及诊治情况,并探讨影响其住院时长的因素。方法 收集广州市6家综合三甲医院≥40岁中老年社区获得性肺炎患者的病历资料,采用回顾性病例分析其流行病学特征、基础疾病及诊治情况,通过logistic多元回归模型探讨患者住院时长的影响因素。结果 共纳入6 231例中老年社区获得性肺炎患者,平均年龄（69.87±12.32）岁,其中男性3 583例（57.5%）,基础疾病以高血压（31.8%）、糖尿病（16.6%）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（11.3%）较多。病原学检查结果显示细菌（25.4%）及真菌（14.9%）感染较多,97.7%患者接受了抗生素治疗。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果发现,年龄（OR=1.005,95%CI：1.001～1.009）、吸烟史（OR=1.292,95%CI：1.159～1.441）、肿瘤（OR=1.217,95%CI：1.022～1.449）、充血性心力衰竭（OR=1.323,95%CI：1.076～1.626）、使用糖皮质激素（OR=1.744,95%CI：1.545～1.969）及转入ICU（OR=2.724,95%CI：2.031～3.654）为广州市中老年社区获得性肺炎患者住院时长的影响因素。结论 广州市中老年社区获得性肺炎患者常有多种基础疾病,以高血压、糖尿病等较为常见,年龄、吸烟史、肿瘤、充血性心力衰竭、使用糖皮质激素及转入ICU等为患者住院时长的影响因素。     

泰安市腹泻门诊病例粪便中肺炎克雷伯菌检出率、耐药特征和分子分型研究

目的 了解泰安市感染性腹泻病门诊病例粪便中肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率、耐药特征及分子分型特性。方法 对采自泰安市6个县（市、区）2013-2017年腹泻病症候群监测病例的866份粪便标本进行肺炎克雷伯菌的分离培养和鉴定;采用微量肉汤稀释法研究分离菌株的耐药情况;应用PFGE技术对菌株进行分子分型。结果 肺炎克雷伯菌的总检出率为7.97%（69/866）;各县（市、区）检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=39.627,P=0.000）。耐药菌株68株的15种常用抗生素的总耐药率为98.55%（68/69）,对氨苄西林（AMP）和磺胺异恶唑（SOX）的耐药率最高,分别为84.06%（58/69）和72.46%（50/69）,共有40个耐药谱,主要耐药谱特征为AMP-SOX（n=10）;多重耐药率为33.33%（23/69）。69株分离株中共有65种PFGE型别,未发现优势带型或聚集现象。结论 肺炎克雷伯菌存在于泰安市各地区腹泻病症候群门诊病例的粪便中,能够引起社区获得性感染;对多种抗生素耐药,耐药谱广,多重耐药率高;PFGE带型呈现多样性,无耐药谱对应性。应高度重视和加强对该来源菌株的监测,防止更多的耐药菌株的产生和传播,保护易感人群。     

2015－2017年中国HIV暴露儿童艾滋病感染早期诊断检测情况分析

目的 分析我国HIV暴露儿童接受儿童艾滋病感染早期诊断（early infant diagnosis，EID）检测服务情况并探讨其相关影响因素。方法 利用全国预防艾滋病母婴传播管理信息系统，收集HIV感染孕产妇分娩儿童随访卡，回顾性分析我国2015－2017年随访满18月龄的12 096例HIV暴露儿童队列数据。描述HIV暴露儿童EID检测特征，分析EID检测相关影响因素。结果 2015－2017年我国HIV暴露儿童EID检测率自65.6%增加至83.4%（趋势性χ²检验P<0.001），出生后8周内EID检测比例自61.1%增加至76.8%（趋势性χ²检验P<0.001），EID检测阳性率自8.7%降低至3.4%（趋势性χ²检验P<0.001）。2015－2017年死亡儿童EID检测阳性率分别为47.7%、36.9%和36.3%，差异无统计学意义。多因素分析发现HIV暴露儿童民族、地区、满18月龄和存活情况与接受EID检测之间存在关联，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 我国EID检测工作逐步规范落实，EID检测阳性率逐年降低，但18月龄内死亡儿童，少数民族和HIV低发区儿童的EID检测比例较低。     

广东省2012-2016年柯萨奇病毒A组16型感染手足口病病例流行特征分析

目的 了解2012－2016年广东省柯萨奇病毒A组16型（Cox A16）感染手足口病病例流行特征。方法 在广东省8个城市共选取8家哨点医院开展手足口病普通病例Cox A16感染监测，结合手足口病个案及暴发数据，估算Cox A16感染手足口病发病情况并分析人群和时间分布特征。结果 ①广东省Cox A16感染手足口病估算发病率以2014年（113.0/10万）最高，其次为2016年（86.4/10万）、2012年（79.1/10万）；2015年（29.0/10万）和2013年（28.8/10万）较低。②暴发以Cox A16感染（54.6%，89/163）为主，高流行年份年均暴发数（28起）是低流行年份（2.5起）的11.2倍。③估算发病率随年龄升高呈下降趋势（趋势χ²=853 905.63，P<0.01），高发年龄组依次为1～（1 449.2/10万）、3～（1 097.0/10万）、2～（1 083.5/10万）、4～（687.8/10万）和0～岁（604.9/10万）；随月龄增加呈上升趋势（趋势χ²=5 541.77，P<0.01），高发月龄依次是11～（2 105.1/10万）、10～（1 448.6/10万）、9～（938.3/10万）、8～（703.3/10万）和6～月龄（664.6/10万）。④高发月份是5月（143.9/10万）和6月（131.5/10万）。结论 2012－2016年广东省Cox A16感染手足口病在各年份流行强度不同；Cox A16感染水平高时，暴发疫情增多，主要发生在托幼机构，5－6月常见，0～4岁儿童是Cox A16感染手足口病高危人群，6～11月龄为高发月龄。     

广东省2016-2020年肺结核流行特征分析

目的 分析2016-2020年广东省肺结核的流行特征,为制定适宜的结核病预防和控制策略提供参考依据。方法 描述性流行病学方法用于分析广东省2016-2020年肺结核疫情分布特征,采用动态几何数列平均法和圆形分布法揭示流行规律。结果 2016-2020年累计报告肺结核356 748例,报告发病率从71.82/10万下降至50.40/10万（趋势χ²=6 905.57,P < 0.001）,年均递降率为8.47%。圆形分布法推测每年发病高峰为5月4-5日（Z=1 176.96,P < 0.05）,高发月份为5月。广东省肺结核疫情地区间分布不均衡,年均报告发病率高低依次为粤东地区（72.15/10万）、粤北地区（68.14/10万）、粤西地区（65.31/10万）和珠三角地区（60.05/10万）。动态数列分析结果显示,除东莞市以外,其他城市的报告发病率均呈下降趋势（平均增长速度 < 0.00）,粤东（-10.90%）和粤北地区（-10.63%）下降速度快于广东省平均水平（-8.47%）。男女性别比为2.63∶1（258 562∶98 186）,年均报告发病率男性（88.37/10万）高于女性（36.86/10万）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=75.19,P < 0.001）。报告发病率随年龄呈增长态势（趋势χ²=123 849.44,P < 0.001）,≥65岁年龄组最高（164.54/10万）。动态数列分析结果显示,5~14岁和15~24岁年龄组报告发病率随时间呈上升趋势,平均增长速度分别为0.05%和3.60%。结论 2016-2020年广东省肺结核疫情呈下降趋势,而儿童、青少年等有上升趋势,应强化老年人等重点人群主动筛查,还需持续关注男性、低收入群体及经济欠发达地区,着力做好冬、春季节结核病综合防控工作。     

苏州市2011-2017年5岁以下儿童流感门诊病例临床特征及疾病负担

目的 了解2011-2017年苏州大学附属儿童医院<5岁儿童流感样病例（ILI）临床特征及疾病负担。方法 2011年3月至2017年2月于苏州市儿童医院监测因流感样疾病就诊的<5岁门诊病例,通过问卷调查和电话随访收集人口学信息、临床信息、疾病史及与医疗有关的直接和间接费用,比较ILI及不同流感亚型确诊病例的临床特征和社会经济负担。结果 共纳入6 310例,其中791例（12.9%）流感病毒检测阳性,其中A/H1N1阳性88例（11.1%）,A/H3N2阳性288例（36.4%）,B型415例（52.5%）。流感阳性儿童发生咳嗽、流涕、喘息、呕吐、抽搐的比例皆高;A/H1N1、A/H3N2、B型感染导致临床特征的主要差异为咳嗽（χ²=9.227,P=0.010）、喘息（χ²=7.273,P=0.026）和呕吐（χ²=8.163,P=0.017）。流感病毒阴性者治疗平均费用688.4（95%CI：630.1~746.7）元,流感病毒阳性者为768.0（95%CI：686.8~849.3）元。A/H1N1阳性者治疗总费用明显高于A/H3N2阳性和B型阳性者（χ²=7.237,P=0.028）。结论 儿童感染流感病毒更易发生咳嗽、流涕、喘息、呕吐、抽搐等临床症状,并造成严重的疾病负担,其中A/H1N1亚型感染造成的疾病负担高于其他2种亚型。     

中国2004-2015年不同预防接种阶段甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎流行病学特征比较

目的 比较甲型肝炎（甲肝）和戊型肝炎（戊肝）在不同预防接种阶段的流行病学特征,并结合疫苗使用情况,为优化戊肝疫苗使用建议提供参考。方法 将2004-2015年分为2004-2007、2008-2011和2012-2015年3个阶段,年龄划分为0~、20~、30~和≥ 40岁组,比较不同时段、不同年龄组报告发病率的差异;同时描述疫苗批签发及甲肝疫苗使用情况。结果 2004-2015年,中国甲肝报告发病率呈逐渐下降趋势（t=-12.15,P<0.001）,戊肝报告发病率呈逐渐升高趋势（t=6.63,P<0.001）。甲肝和戊肝月均报告发病数分别由2004-2007年的6 515、1 491例变化为2012-2015年的1 986、2 277例,戊肝每年3月出现发病峰值且持续出现。东、中、西部地区甲肝报告发病率均下降明显,但西部（3.46/10万）仍明显高于东部（1.13/10万）和中部（1.14/10万）（χ²=32 630,P<0.01）;中、西部地区戊肝上升明显,东部地区较为平稳（2.66/10万）,但仍高于中部（1.74/10万）和西部（1.58/10万）（χ²=6 009,P<0.01）。甲肝0~19岁人群下降84.36%;戊肝≥ 20岁人群报告发病率逐渐上升,且年龄越高、报告发病率越高。甲肝疫苗接种率由62.05%提高到93.54%,接种率与甲肝报告发病率呈负相关（F=10.69,χ²<0.05）。结论 2004-2015年中国甲肝发病快速下降,戊肝发病仍在上升,应推动戊肝疫苗在人群中的使用。     

2015-2019年北京市肺炎衣原体流行特征分析

目的 分析北京市2015-2019年急性呼吸道感染患者中肺炎衣原体感染者的流行特征。方法 利用北京市呼吸道病原体监测系统,收集全市35家哨点医院就诊的急性呼吸道感染患者流行病学资料,采集临床标本开展肺炎衣原体检测,并对阳性标本ompA基因的VD4区序列做进化分析。结果 2015-2019年,北京市急性呼吸道感染就诊患者中肺炎衣原体总体阳性率为0.34%（129/37 460）,肺炎衣原体阳性率在每年3月升高,5月达到峰值,7月回落,持续时间约5~8个月,不同年份流行季可能提前或推迟1~2个月;每年流行季肺炎衣原体月阳性率均≥ 0.30%。5~44岁人群高发,其中10~14岁组肺炎衣原体阳性率最高;<25岁患者中,随年龄增加,感染肺炎衣原体的风险增加,≥ 25岁患者,随年龄增加,感染肺炎衣原体的风险降低;男、女性患者阳性率分别为0.33%（68/20 830）和0.37%（61/16 528）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.486,P=0.486）;普通肺炎患者中的肺炎衣原体阳性率高于上呼吸道感染患者与重症肺炎患者（χ²=36.797,P<0.01）;40.31%（52/129）肺炎衣原体感染者标本中检出≥ 1种其他呼吸道病原体,排名前4位依次是：流感嗜血杆菌（15份）、肺炎链球菌（13份）、鼻病毒（8份）、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（7份）;129份肺炎衣原体阳性标本中的101株经测序鉴定均为A型。结论 北京市肺炎衣原体每年呈单峰流行模式,流行季一般为3-7月,流行季节特征可用于与其他呼吸道病原体的鉴别诊断,5~44岁人群好发,基因型以A型为主;如果连续2个月肺炎衣原体核酸阳性率超过0.30%,可初步认为进入肺炎衣原体高流行期;肺炎衣原体感染发生肺炎后进展为重症肺炎的概率较高。     

河南省2002－2014年HIV暴露儿童死亡水平及影响因素分析

目的 了解2002-2014年河南省HIV暴露儿童生存与死亡情况,分析HIV暴露儿童死亡的相关影响因素。方法 2002年1月1日至2014年12月31日,河南省开展预防HIV母婴传播工作中发现并报告的HIV暴露儿童1 705例,年龄范围为0~18月龄,存活儿童随访至18月龄。分别对HIV暴露儿童1、3、6、9、12、18月龄进行随访,收集孕产妇母婴阻断服务、儿童药物阻断、儿童传染病发病、生存状况等情况,采用logistic回归对影响HIV暴露儿童死亡的相关因素进行分析。结果 截止2014年12月31日,共随访到1 705例HIV暴露的儿童,其中18月龄随访时存活儿童共1 536例（占90.09%）,随访过程中失访58例（占3.40%）,死亡111例（占6.51%）,HIV暴露儿童累计死亡率为67.39‰,新生儿死亡率为23.07‰,婴儿死亡率为57.01‰。不同年份的儿童死亡率无下降趋势（χ²=1.57,P=0.201）。死因构成以肺炎为主（36例,占32.43%）,其次为疑似AIDS （18例,占16.21%）。死亡儿童均未进行过HIV早期检测。多因素分析结果显示,HIV暴露儿童死亡的危险因素主要是儿童低出生体重（OR=4.97,95% CI：3.12~7.92）。可能的保护因素包括产妇孕12周前初检（OR=0.46,95% CI：0.26~0.80）,儿童联合药物阻断（OR=0.25,95% CI：0.15~0.42）。结论 2002-2014年河南省HIV暴露儿童的死亡率较高,应积极开展HIV暴露儿童早期诊断及抗病毒治疗,预防肺炎等常见传染病,加强营养指导及生长发育监测。     

Seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in Morocco

The prevalence of antibodies reactive withRickettsia conorii, Rickettsia typhi, Coxiella burnetii andEhrlichia chaffeensis was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) test on human sera obtained from 300 blood donors in Casablanca and 126 sera obtained from clinical laboratories in Fez. In sera from Casablanca, antibodies reactive at titers >=1: 32 were found againstR. conorii (7%), andR. typhi (1.7%), but not againstE. chaffeensis. In the sera from Fez, antibodies were also detected againstR. conorii (5.6%),R. typhi (4%), but not againstE. chaffeensis. By Western immunoblotting, seroprevalence forR. conorii was in Casablanca and 4.8% in Fez. Antibodies reactive at titers >=1:50 againstC. burnetii (phase II) were present in sera from Casablanca (1%) and Fez (18.3%).Abbreviations IFA Immunofluorescence assay - MSF Mediterranean spotted fever - PBS Phosphate-buffered saline     

Percutaneous absorption of N,N-dimethylformamide in humans

Summary Skin penetration fo N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) liquid or vapour was studied in volunteers. Exposure to liquid DMF was performed in two ways: in a dipping experiment, one hand was dipped up to the wrist in DMF for 2–20 min, while in a patch experiment, 2 mmol DMF was applied to the skin and allowed to be absorbed completely. The period of exposure to DMF vapour (50 mg · m^–3) was 4 h. The DMF metabolites N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (MF), N-hydroxymethylformamide (F), and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) were monitored in the urine. Liquid DMF was absorbed through the skin at a rate of 9.4 mg · cm^–2 · h^–1. Percutaneous absorption of DMF vapour depended strongly on ambient temperature and humidity and accounted for 13%–36% of totally excreted MF. The results suggest that skin absorption of liquid DMF is likely to contribute to occupational exposure substantially more than penetration of DMF vapour. The yield of metabolites after transdermal DMF absorption was only half of that seen after pulmonary absorption. Elimination of MF and F but not that of AMCC was delayed, which supports the contention that AMCC should be used instead of MF as the most suitable biomarker of DMF in cases where percutaneous intake can occur.     

Clinical and laboratory evidence of the importance of the tick D. marginatus as a vector of B. burgdorferi in some areas of sporadic Lyme disease in Bulgaria

56 adult ticks D. marginatus and 38 adult ticks H. punctata were sampled by the flagging method, transferred to the laboratory, dissected and tested for infection with Lyme disease spirochetes. 3 (7.9%) of the adult H. punctata and 2 (3.57%) of the adult D. marginatus were infected with B. burgdorferi (Bb). This report also presents the case of a patient, who developed Lyme disease symptoms after he had been bitten by a D. marginatus tick. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by serological testing and by a biopsy, taken from the patient's skin lesion. The skin biopsy was examined under an electron microscope and Bb was found in the sections of the deeper strata of the dermis in two structural forms: (a) cylindrical bodies (protoplasm cylinder) with circular ends covered with a three-layered membrane; (b) granules, situated among the collagenous fibres either closely adhered to them or covered with a membrane. The result of the study demonstrates that in single cases in some ecosystems, ticks D. marginatus might be implicated in Bb transmission to humans as secondary vectors.     

Absorption,metabolism and elimination of N,N-dimethylformamide in humans

Summary Excretion of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF metabolites N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (MF), N-hydroxymethyl-formamide (F) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) has been monitored in the urine of volunteers during and after their 8-h exposure to DMF vapour at a concentration of 10, 30 and 60 mg · m^–3. The pulmonary ventilation in these experiments was typically about 101 · min^–1 and the retention in the respiratory tract was 90%. After exposure to 30 mg DMF · m^–3, the yield of compound determined in the urine represented 0.3% (DMF), 22.3% (MF), 13.2% (F) and 13.4% (AMCC) of the dose absorbed via the respiratory tract. The excretion curves of the particular compounds attained their maximum 6–8h (DMF), 6–8h (MF), 8–14h (F) and 24–34h (AMCC) after the start of the exposure. The half-times of excretion were approximately 2, 4, 7 and 23 h respectively. In contrast to slow elimination of AMCC after exposure to DMF, AMCC was eliminated rapidly after AMCC intake. This discrepancy could be explained by rate-limiting reversible protein binding of a reactive metabolic intermediate of DMF, possibly methylisocyanate.     

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected in Slovakia and Hungary

A total of 235 adult ticks collected from vegetation in Slovakia and Hungary in 1998–2000 were tested for Coxiella burnetii by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). C. burnetii was identified in six ticks of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, and Haemaphysalis concinna species.     

Unusual features in the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis

In this study two cases of Lyme borreliosis are presented. First, the author describes how he contracted Lyme borreliosis 24 hours after he visited an endemic area. The second case described is that of a woman who developed Lyme borreliosis symptoms, when intestinal content of an infected tick came into contact with her conjunctiva. In both cases the diagnosis is based on clinical picture and positive serological tests. The first case shows the probability of contracting Lyme borreliosis when the duration of the tick's attachment to the skin is less than 24 hours. The second case, described demonstrates transmission of B. burgdorferi by contact.     

Prevalence and diversity of Lyme borreliosis bacteria in marine birds

A potential role of seabirds in spreading Lyme disease (LB) spirochetes over large spatial scales was suggested more than 10 years ago when Borrelia garinii was observed in marine birds of both hemispheres. Since then, there have been few studies examining the diversity of Borrelia spp. circulating in seabirds, or the potential interaction between terrestrial and marine disease cycles. To explore these aspects, we tested 402 Ixodes uriae ticks collected from five colonial seabird species by amplification of the flaB gene. Both the average prevalence (26.0%+/-3.9) and diversity of LB spirochetes was high. Phylogenetic analyses grouped marine isolates in two main clades: one associated with B. garinii and another with B. lusitaniae, a genospecies typically associated with lizards. One sequence also clustered most closely with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Prevalence in ticks varied both among seabird species within colonies and among colonies. However, there was no clear association between different Borrelia isolates and a given seabird host species. Our findings indicate that LB spirochetes circulating in the marine system are more diverse than previously described and support the hypothesis that seabirds may be an important component in the global epidemiology and evolution of Lyme disease. Future work should help determine the extent to which isolates are shared between marine and terrestrial systems.     

我国人类假结核耶氏菌病首例报告

在我国首次报告一例假结核病例,是根据临床和病原学研究基础上确诊的。从患者分离的假结核耶氏菌为血清Ⅳ型,具有毒力,并发现与小肠结肠炎耶氏菌0:36型有共同抗原关系。     

Brucella phagotypes : Their relation to the spread of infection in Italy

The spread of Brucella infection in man in Italy during the last three years is briefly reviewed with reference to the Brucella strains collected and typed.The strains were tested by H₂S production, dye-inhibition, agglutination by monospecific sera, and sensitivity to a phage set. From 108 tested strains, 91 have been identified by means of the traditional tests as Br. melitensis, sometimes with some irregularities, 10 as Br. abortus, while 7 were not typable.It was possible to recommend some phage sensitivity patterns of Br. melitensis for epidemiological purposes: one phagotype is much more frequent in the north, another in the south of Italy.However, the currently recommended phagotypes must be considered provisional and will be modified in the light of more extensive studies.Corresponding author.     

Coding and non-coding polymorphisms in VDR gene and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in tribes, castes and Muslims of Central India

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays an important role in activating immune response against various infectious agents. This study was aimed to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in different population groups. Four common polymorphisms (TaqI, ApaI, BsmI and FokI) of VDR gene were studied in clinically diagnosed TB patients and healthy controls from Sahariya tribe (n = 377), Bhil tribe (n = 95), Chhattisgarh tribe (n = 33), general population from North-Central (NC) (n = 1021) and South-Eastern (SE) region (n = 646) and Muslims (n = 217). Genotyping was carried out using PCR-RFLP method and re-confirmed by direct sequencing. The haplotype analysis was performed on Haploview 4.1 and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 13.0 software. We found that bb genotype of BsmI polymorphism conferred significant risk to smear positive and multiple drug resistant (MDR) TB in tribes [OR (CI) = 3.7 (1.5–9.2), p = 0.002], SE population [OR (CI) = 2.1 (1.4–3.3), p = 0.0004] and Muslims [OR (CI) = 6.7 (1.1–39), p = 0.01]. The subjects with FF genotype of FokI polymorphism appeared less likely (p = 0.004) to develop MDR TB in NC population, whereas, those with Ff [OR (CI) = 2.5 (1.3–5.0), p = 0.004] and ff [OR (CI) = 3.4 (1.2–9.3), p = 0.01] genotypes were at high risk of MDR and smear positive disease, respectively. Similarly, tt genotype of TaqI polymorphism was found associated with high risk of smear positive TB in NC [OR (CI) = 3.6 (0.9–14.2), p = 0.05] as well as in SE [OR (CI) = 4.7 (1.8–12.3), p = 0.00003] population. Interestingly, tt genotype appeared strongly associated [OR (CI) = 8.9 (2.7–29), p = 0.00001] with high bacillary load outcome. In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms in VDR gene, alone or in combination (haplotypes) are associated with different clinical outcomes in pulmonary TB.