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1.
目的 探讨HIV感染者开始抗病毒治疗(ART)时基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)不同水平对治疗脱失的影响。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,从艾滋病防治基本信息系统ART库选取2008-2015年广西壮族自治区(广西)首次开始ART、年龄≥18岁的HIV感染者,分析其ART脱失情况,随访时间截至2016年5月30日。采用Cox比例风险模型分析ART时基线CD4不同水平对ART脱失的影响。结果 共计58 502例HIV感染者进入队列,平均脱失比例为4.8/100人年。在控制了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、感染途径、ART前WHO临床分期、初始治疗方案、目前治疗方案、治疗方案改变、ART开始年份等因素后,基线CD4为200~、351~、≥500个/μl组HIV感染者的脱失风险分别是<200个/μl组的1.110(95% CI:1.053~1.171,P<0.001)、1.391(95% CI:1.278~1.514,P<0.001)、1.695(95% CI:1.497~1.918,P<0.001)倍。HIV感染者因为依从性差而停药的比例为56.0%(1 601/2 861)。结论 随着HIV感染者接受ART时CD4水平提高,ART脱失风险明显增加。为减少ART脱失,应充分考虑开始ART时CD4水平,加强依从性宣传教育和治疗机构人员培训。  相似文献   

2.
目的 了解德宏傣族景颇族自治州(德宏州)2004-2018年启动抗病毒治疗(ART)后HIV/AIDS贫血发病及其影响因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究的方法,基于德宏州HIV/AIDS的ART数据库,纳入分析2004-2018年启动ART的HIV/AIDS。采用Cox比例风险模型分析启动ART后HIV/AIDS贫血和中重度贫血新发及其影响因素,用分段混合线性效应模型拟合基线不同贫血状况随访血红蛋白的变化轨迹。结果 共8 044例HIV/AIDS纳入分析。基线未患贫血者占78.8%(6 337/8 044)。6 337例基线未患贫血的HIV/AIDS中位随访时间为4.43(P25,P75:1.50,6.71)年,其中1 291例新发贫血和293例新发中重度贫血HIV/AIDS的中位随访时间分别为0.16(P25,P75:0.07,1.99)年、0.48(P25,P75:0.09,2.97)年,贫血和中重度贫血的发病密度分别为4.40/100人年、0.41/100人年。多因素Cox回归结果显示,启动ART后HIV/AIDS发生贫血的危险因素有年龄大、女性、傣族和景颇族、基线BMI<18.5 kg/m2、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)<200个/μl、初始ART方案使用齐多夫定(AZT),发生中重度贫血的危险因素有女性、傣族、基线BMI<18.5 kg/m2、基线轻度贫血、初始ART方案使用AZT。结论 2004-2018年德宏州HIV/AIDS启动ART后贫血的发病风险在某些特征人群中较高,如≥ 60岁老年人、女性、少数民族、BMI偏低、基线CD4<200个/μl、ART方案使用AZT者。应重点加强对这部分人群贫血的筛查及其防治措施。  相似文献   

3.
目的 分析广西壮族自治区(广西)抗病毒治疗(ART)的MSM中HIV感染者(MSM感染者)实现免疫重建的比例及影响因素。方法 资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,研究对象为2005-2021年广西首次接受ART≥24周MSM感染者,并维持24个月内HIV RNA低于检测限。计算其接受ART后免疫重建的比例,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析其免疫重建的影响因素。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在3 200例MSM感染者中,免疫重建不良、中等免疫重建和完全免疫重建的比例分别为15.56%(498/3 200)、14.78%(473/3 200)和69.66%(2 229/3 200)。免疫重建的ART时间MQ1,Q3)为12(5,27)个月。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,相比于开始ART年龄≥30岁、WHO临床分期为Ⅲ期/Ⅳ期、基线BMI<18.50 kg/m2和基线CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)计数<200个/µl者,开始ART年龄<30岁、WHO临床分期为Ⅰ期/Ⅱ期、基线BMI≥24.00 kg/m2和基线CD4计数≥200个/µl者更容易实现完全免疫重建。结论 2005-2021年广西ART的MSM感染者存在一定比例的免疫重建不良者,应针对年龄较大者和基线CD4计数较低者等重点人群调整和优化ART方案及监测。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析2006-2019年台州市HIV/AIDS立即抗病毒治疗(ART)的影响因素,探讨不同ART策略与免疫学效果随时间变化的关联。方法 采用回顾性队列研究和logistic回归模型分析立即ART影响因素,采用t检验和χ2检验比较不同ART策略的免疫学效果差异,采用Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法绘制生存曲线。结果 2006-2019年台州市2 971例HIV/AIDS中,立即ART组1 786例(占60.1%),其中2016-2019年立即ART的比例为77.8%(1 170/1 504)。2006-2019年立即ART组的成功率(87.4%,1 561/1 786)高于延迟ART组(84.4%,1 000/1 185)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,HIV/AIDS立即ART的影响因素中,男性(aOR=1.28,95% CI:1.03~1.59)、已婚(aOR=1.71,95% CI:1.33~2.19)、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)计数≤200个/μl(aOR=1.60,95% CI:1.27~2.02)与立即ART呈正相关;31~40岁(aOR=0.63,95% CI:0.48~0.84)、感染途径为异性性传播(aOR=0.60,95% CI:0.49~0.74)、确证时间为2015年及以前(aOR=0.20,95% CI:0.17~0.23)与立即ART呈负相关。立即ART组各年份CD4/CD8比值的增幅和ART累积成功率均大于延迟ART组(P<0.05)。结论 2006-2019年台州市HIV/AIDS立即ART策略落实较好,立即ART比例超过60.0%,立即ART组的ART免疫学效果较好。针对HIV/AIDS中31~40岁、女性、未婚和异性性传播者,需加强立即ART的健康教育工作,进一步提高ART效果。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解贵州省注射吸毒人群中HIV/AIDS死亡情况及其影响因素,为降低HIV/AIDS死亡率提供参考依据。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,以我国艾滋病防治基本信息系统中1996-2015年贵州省注射吸毒人群HIV/AIDS为研究对象,应用Cox比例风险回归模型分析其死亡的影响因素。结果 共有3 958例注射吸毒HIV/AIDS纳入分析,全死因的死亡比例为44.01%(1 742/3 958),总死亡率为7.80/100人年,生存时间M=8.08年;抗病毒治疗(ART)组死亡率为3.57/100人年,美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)组死亡率为4.08/100人年。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,研究对象的死亡与性别、民族、确认HIV阳性时年龄、确认HIV阳性后首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)、ART和MMT有关;女性的死亡风险是男性的0.82倍(95% CI:0.69~0.98);少数民族的死亡风险是汉族的1.39倍(95% CI:1.21~1.60);确认HIV阳性时年龄≥50岁的死亡风险是<20岁的2.44倍(95% CI:1.07~5.56);确认HIV阳性后首次CD4≥500个/μl组的死亡风险是CD4<200个/μl组的0.27倍(95% CI:0.22~0.32);未参加ART的死亡风险是参加者的2.83倍(95% CI:2.45~3.26);未参加MMT的死亡风险是参加者的1.35倍(95% CI:1.15~1.59)。结论 1996-2015年贵州省注射吸毒人群HIV/AIDS中,男性、确认HIV阳性时年龄较大者、确认HIV阳性后首次CD4较低、未参加ART和MMT的病例,死亡风险较高。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨沈阳市学生HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗(ART)的影响因素。方法 横断面调查获得2007-2015年沈阳市艾滋病治疗定点医院(中国医科大学附属第一医院)15~30岁学生HIV/AIDS患者ART相关信息,多因素logistic回归模型探讨ART的影响因素。结果 2007-2015年该医院共收治15~30岁学生HIV/AIDS患者146例,占累计治疗HIV/AIDS患者的6.1%(146/2 379)。患者均为男性,男男性行为传播途径占93.2%(136/146),HIV延迟诊断率[诊断时CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)≤ 350个/μl]为52.7%(77/146),患者中ART的构成比为67.1%(98/146)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,HIV诊断年份(aOR=1.21,95%CI:1.02~1.44)、年龄24~30岁(aOR=8.15,95%CI:1.46~45.52)和延迟诊断(aOR=2.22,95%CI:1.05~4.71)是学生HIV/AIDS患者ART的独立影响因素。结论 HIV诊断时间越晚、年龄越大及延迟诊断可能增加学生HIV/AIDS患者的ART比例。。  相似文献   

7.
目的 观察并比较≥18岁HIV感染者(感染者)接受国家免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗(ART)36个月内,不同年龄组CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)计数水平,探讨年龄因素对参加ART的感染者CD4计数水平的影响。方法 研究对象为2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日在广州市、柳州市和昆明市3家艾滋病治疗定点医院初次接受ART年龄≥18岁感染者,观察时间为初次接受ART之日(基线)起满36个月。研究对象基线和随访数据通过国家ART信息系统收集。按照基线年龄分组为18~49岁组、50~59岁组和≥60岁组。CD4计数按照基线水平分为<200个/μl和200~350个/μl两层。以基线和治疗36个月内不同时间CD4计数水平为因变量,应用混合效应线性模型分析基线年龄、病毒抑制情况、性别、基线CD4/CD8比值以及开始ART方案等因素对CD4计数水平的影响。结果 共收集5 331例感染者数据。基线CD4<200个/μl和200~350个/μl两层的年龄构成差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.13, P=0.938)。在基线CD4<200个/μl层,50~59岁组和≥60岁组在ART 36个月内的CD4计数水平均低于18~49岁组;在基线CD4为200~350个/μl层,50~59岁组与18~49岁组的CD4计数水平差异无统计学意义,≥60岁组的CD4计数水平低于18~49岁组。结论 年龄是ART后CD4计数水平的相关影响因素,针对≥50岁感染者应该更早启动ART,有助于其免疫功能恢复。  相似文献   

8.
目的 分析柳州市1998-2012年新发现HIV基因亚型变化,比较HIV感染者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4),为艾滋病防治提供参考依据。方法 选取我国艾滋病综合防治信息系统中1998-2012年柳州市新发现HIV感染者,对其血浆进行RNA提取、扩增、测序和分型。采用Coharan-Armitage趋势检验法分析HIV基因亚型变化的趋势,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验法分析比较HIV感染者的首次CD4结果 研究对象共有1 877例HIV感染者。1998-2012年,CRF01_AE、CRF01_AE(Cluster 1)和CRF07_BC亚型构成比分别从78.4%(76/97)上升至91.5%(1 441/1 574)、63.9%(62/97)上升至74.0%(1 164/1 574)和17.5%(17/97)下降至4.6%(72/1 574),趋势性检验差异均有统计学意义(Z=4.632,P<0.001;Z=2.455,P=0.014;Z=-5.943,P<0.001)。CRF01_AE(Cluster 1)、CRF01_AE(Cluster 2)、CRF07_BC和CRF08_BC亚型HIV感染者首次CD4的中位数及四分位数间距分别是230(83~375)、215(48~351)、365(254~503)和334(206~479)个/μl。CRF01_AE(Cluster 1)和CRF01_AE(Cluster 2)亚型HIV感染者的首次CD4Z=-4.795,P<0.001;Z=-4.238,P<0.001)。结论 1998-2012年柳州市新发现HIV感染者以CRF01_AE亚型为主并呈上升趋势,其首次CD4较低,且新发现CRF01_AE亚簇的种类在增加,其亚簇构成比存在变化趋势。  相似文献   

9.
目的 分析2005-2020年江苏省接受抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS合并HBV感染和生存情况,为提高抗病毒治疗效果提供参考依据。方法 采用回顾性资料分析,研究对象来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统江苏省2005-2020年HIV/AIDS首次入组抗病毒治疗基线和随访数据库,随访观察截止时间为2022年12月31日。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析。运用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线和log rank检验法比较生存曲线,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析接受抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS死亡的影响因素。结果 江苏省2005-2020年首次入组抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS共33 322例,总体HBsAg检测率为57.3%(19 098/33 322)。在进行HBsAg检测的HIV/AIDS中,男女性别比为7.1∶1(16 745∶2 353),年龄(39.4±14.0)岁,已婚/同居占49.5%(9 446/19 098)。同性性传播占57.8%(11 048/19 098),异性性传播占36.6%(6 990/19 098)。开始接受抗病毒治疗前的CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)计数的MQ1Q3)为297(166,445)个/μl。HIV/AIDS的HBsAg阳性率为8.2%(1 566/19 098,95%CI:7.8%~8.6%)。在随访观察截止期内共1 062例HIV/AIDS死亡。经log rank检验,是否合并HBV感染在接受抗病毒治疗后生存曲线差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.07,P<0.001)。Cox比例风险回归模型的多因素分析结果显示,入组年份、年龄、婚姻状况、HIV感染途径、抗病毒治疗前基线CD4计数和是否合并HBV感染是HIV/AIDS死亡的影响因素(均P<0.05),相比于2015年及以前入组者、年龄≥45岁和未婚者,2016-2020年入组治疗者、<45岁组和已婚/同居者的死亡风险较低;相比于基线CD4计数≥201个/μl组、其他感染途径和单纯HIV感染者,基线CD4计数≤200个/μl组、注射吸毒途径和合并HBV感染者的死亡风险较高。结论 江苏省需要在HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗工作中加强合并HBV感染的检测、管理和精准治疗,加强乙型肝炎疫苗接种对单纯HIV感染者的保护,减少HIV/AIDS死亡风险。  相似文献   

10.
目的 分析2011-2015年我国艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)流动、接受随访和CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)检测的情况,为减少流动HIV/AIDS的失访,加强流动HIV/AIDS的规范化管理,预防二代传播提供依据。方法 利用艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统,下载2011年1月1日至2015年12月31日的病例报告历史卡片和随访管理定时数据库,对2011-2015年新报告及存活的HIV/AIDS现住址变化情况进行分析。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据整理和分析。结果 新报告跨省流动HIV/AIDS的人数和比例逐年上升,从2011年的5 576人(10.0%,5 576/55 805)上升到2015年的15 348人(13.3%,15 348/115 321)。在调整了可能的相关因素后发现,上一年接受随访及CD4检测的HIV/AIDS中,当年发生跨省流动和跨市流动的HIV/AIDS接受随访及CD4检测的比例均低于无跨省跨市流动的HIV/AIDS。结论 HIV/AIDS的流动在一定程度上影响其接受规范化的随访及CD4检测,在对HIV/AIDS的随访管理过程中,应加强各地随访管理单位之间的沟通和联系,及时获取其工作和居住地发生变化的信息,在HIV/AIDS发生跨省或者跨市流动时,做好异地流动的转介工作,减少因HIV/AIDS流动而导致的失访、CD4检测的脱失。  相似文献   

11.
利用遗传流行病学方法调查了天津市南开区139对双胞胎,其中单卵双生(MZ)74对,双卵双生(DZ)65对。并用几种不同的遗传度估计方法分析了红细胞Na+、K+的共同基因和共同环境因素对血压的影响。结果表明遗传因素、共同环境因素及双胞胎各自的环境因素对血压影响近似的是RBC Na+,h2=0.32,C2=0.35,u2=0.33。环境因素为主要原因的是RBC K+,C2=0.97。  相似文献   

12.
Rickettsial agents are some of the most lethal pathogens known to man. Among them, Rickettsia prowazekii is a select agent with potential use for bioterrorism; yet, there is no anti-Rickettsia vaccine commercially available. Owing to the obligate intracellular lifestyle of rickettsiae, CD8+ T cells are indispensable for protective cellular immunity. Furthermore, T cells can mediate cross-protective immunity between different pathogenic Rickettsia, a finding consistent with the remarkable similarity among rickettsial genomes. However, Rickettsia T cell antigens remain unidentified. In the present study, we report an algorithm that allowed us to identify and validate four novel R. prowazekii vaccine antigen candidates recognized by CD8+ T cells from a set of twelve in silico-defined protein targets. Our results highlight the importance of combining proteasome-processing as well as MHC class-I-binding predictions. The novel rickettsial vaccine candidate antigens, RP778, RP739, RP598, and RP403, protected mice against a lethal challenge with Rickettsia typhi, which is indicative of cross-protective immunity within the typhus group rickettsiae. Together, our findings validate a reverse vaccinology approach as a viable strategy to identify protective rickettsial antigens and highlight the feasibility of a subunit vaccine that triggers T-cell-mediated cross-protection among diverse rickettsiae.  相似文献   

13.
The poultry industry has a high demand for Salmonella vaccines in order to generate safer Salmonella-free food for consumers around the world. Vaccination against S. Enteritidis (SE) is vastly undertaken in many countries, although the criteria for the use of live vaccine (LV) or killed vaccine (KV) should also depend on the immune mechanisms triggered by each. In this study, a commercial bacterin (KV) and an attenuated SG mutant (LV) were used in four different vaccine programs (LV; LV + LV; KV; LV + KV). At 1 day before (dbi) and 1, 6 and 9 days after SE challenge (dpi), humoral (IgM, IgG and secretory IgA) and cellular (CD8+ T cells) immune responses were evaluated along with the production of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ. Although after challenge, all birds from each group had an influx of CD8+ T cells, birds which received KV had lower levels of these cells in organs and significantly higher levels of immunoglobulins. The expression of the cytokines was up-regulated in all groups post-vaccination, although, after challenge, cytokine expression decreased in the vaccinated groups, and increased in the unvaccinated group A. IL-10 levels were significantly higher at 1 day post-infection in the group that received KV, which may be involved in the weak cellular immune response observed within this group. In caecal tonsils, IFN-γ expression at 1 dbi was higher in birds which received two vaccine doses, and after challenge, the population of CD8+ T cells constantly increased in birds that were only vaccinated with the LV. This study demonstrated that the development of a mature immune response by CD8+ T cells, provided by the use of the LV, had better efficacy in comparison to the high antibody levels in the serum stimulated by the KV. However, high secretory IgA levels in the intestinal lumen associated with influx CD8+ T cells may be indicative of protection as noticed in group E (LV + KV).  相似文献   

14.
Control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis can be achieved using several available drugs. These drugs present high toxicity and require longer treatment regimens which complicate compliance to the treatment. Other control measures directed to the vector or the reservoirs are useful tools to restrain the spreading of this disease but the effects are transitory. A safe, affordable and efficient vaccine conferring long lasting immunity should be the most cost effective way of controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis. The present study aims at characterizing a cyclophilin protein 1 of Leishmania infantum (LiCyP1) and investigating whether recombinant LiCyP1 (LirCyP1) is able to confer protection against infection by evaluating viable parasite load and the generation of specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector and central memory T cells in rodent model. LiCyP1 is present in the cytoplasm of L. infantum amastigotes and promastigotes. Immunization of BALB/c mice with LirCyP1 confers high protection to L. infantum infection, causing a marked reduction in parasite replication in the liver and spleen. Furthermore, helper and cytotoxic memory T cell subsets able to specifically recognize parasite antigens expanded in immunized and in challenged mice. CD4+ T cell subpopulation of intermediate phenotype (CD62LhighCD127low) of challenging mice also presented an accentuated expansion after the recall. This study demonstrated that LirCyP1 confers partial protection to L. infantum infection, promoting the generation of a desired long lasting immunity. LirCyP1 can be considered a potential candidate for the design of a vaccine against zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis.  相似文献   

15.
16.
To visualize intratumoral hypoxic areas and their reoxygenation before and during fractionated radiation therapy (RT), 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography and computed tomography (F-MISO PET/CT) were performed. A total of 10 patients, consisting of four with head and neck cancers, four with gastrointestinal cancers, one with lung cancer, and one with uterine cancer, were included. F-MISO PET/CT was performed twice, before RT and during fractionated RT of approximately 20 Gy/10 fractions, for eight of the 10 patients. F-MISO maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of normal muscles and tumors were measured. The tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios of F-MISO SUVmax were also calculated. Mean SUVmax ± standard deviation (SD) of normal muscles was 1.25 ± 0.17, and SUVmax above the mean + 2 SD (≥1.60 SUV) was regarded as a hypoxic area. Nine of the 10 tumors had an F-MISO SUVmax of ≥1.60. All eight tumors examined twice showed a decrease in the SUVmax, T/M ratio, or percentage of hypoxic volume (F-MISO ≥1.60) at approximately 20 Gy, indicating reoxygenation. In conclusion, accumulation of F-MISO of ≥1.60 SUV was regarded as an intratumoral hypoxic area in our F-MISO PET/CT system. Most human tumors (90%) in this small series had hypoxic areas before RT, although hypoxic volume was minimal (0.0–0.3%) for four of the 10 tumors. In addition, reoxygenation was observed in most tumors at two weeks of fractionated RT.  相似文献   

17.
The non-invasive, stable-isotope-aided Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) tests- breath and equivalent urine tests- were offered on a voluntary basis as part of the mandatory school entry medical examination to the 1998 school entry cohort of the City of Leipzig (480000 residents). Parents of participating subjects were asked to fill out a detailed epidemiologic questionnaire.The response rate was 94% (n 2228 of 2369 school starters born in 1991/92). Parent-completed questionnaires were returned by 1890 (80%) children. The overall H. pylori positive prevalence was 7.2%. The prevalence among children with a test and a parent-completed questionnaire was 6.5%. Prevalences among subsequently tested family members of the positive tested children was 65,60 and 39% for mothers, fathers and siblings respectively. Though studies have shown that the direct transmission of the bacterium (oral- oral and fecal- oral) is a dominant pathway of infection, the questionnaire analyses indicate associations between H. pylori colonisation and living as well as environmental conditions.  相似文献   

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