老年重症急性胰腺炎25例临床分析

目的总结老年人重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）的临床诊治特点,以提高对老年人重症急性胰腺炎的认识。方法回顾性分析近5年来收治25例老年（60～84岁）SAP患者的例临床资料,并与同期30例非老年人（22—59岁）对照组SAP患者资料进行对比研究。结果老年SAP患者以胆石症为主要病因,多伴其他慢性疾病,老年患者各种临床症状发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．05）;老年组APACHEⅡ（24、48h）和Ranson评分高于对照组（P〈0．05）;老年患者的局部并发症和多器官功能障碍（衰竭）发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;病死率和死亡原因与对照组无明显差异。结论我国老年SAP病因以胆源性为主,临床症状无特异性,伴发疾病多,并发症和多器官功能障碍（衰竭）发生率较高。老年人急性胰腺炎仍以内科非手术综合治疗为主。     

老年稳定性心绞痛患者循环微RNA-92a表达的影响因素研究

目的了解循环微RNA(miR)-92a在老年稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者中的表达。方法选择SAP患者116例,分为老年组(年龄≥60岁)66例,非老年组(年龄<60岁)50例。比较老年SAP患者循环miR-92a表达,方差成分分析2组患者一般临床资料及其交互效应项对SAP患者循环miR-92a表达的贡献。比较2组合并及未合并糖尿病患者循环miR-92a表达。结果 SAP患者年龄与循环miR-92a表达呈正相关(相关系数0.21 7,P<0.05)。老年组循环miR-92a表达明显高于非老年组(P=0.056)。方差成分分析显示,年龄、糖尿病影响SAP循环miR-92a表达。老年组合并糖尿患者循环miR-92a表达明显高于未合并糖尿病患者(P<0.01).非老年组合并糖尿病患者循环miR-92a表达明显高于未合并糖尿病患者(P<0.05)。老年组合并糖尿病发生率33.3%明显高于非老年组16.0%(P<0.05)。结论老年患者循环miR-92a表达升高不是年龄升高所致。提示老年SAP患者循环miR-92a表达升高要特别注意引发血管内皮损伤的糖尿病。     

D-二聚体在急性胰腺炎中的特点

目的回顾性分析无锡101医院近2年来急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)值与临床特点,探讨DD与病情严重程度的相关性,为其临床研究提供参考.方法收集解放军101医院2014-04-01/2016-04-01AP患者,记载临床特点,根据病情分为轻、中、重3组,分析AP患者DD水平、住院时间、费用、Rason评分及CT严重度指数(CT severity index,CTSI)评分.结果符合要求者共172例,其中轻度急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)组111例,中度重症急性胰腺炎(moderately severe acute pancreatitis,MSAP)组52例,重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)组9例.DD水平在MSAP、SAP组中明显高于MAP组,有统计学意义(P0.01),但MSAP组对比SAP组无明显差异;另外住院天数及费用3组间呈递增,有统计学差异.将3组患者中年龄60岁分为中青年组,年龄≥60岁为老年组,其中SAP、MSAP两组中老年患者明显高于中青年患者(P0.05),SAP组中未见明显差异;老年患者中MAP、MSAP、SAP 3组DD水平均无统计学差异.DD与住院天数、费用、CTSI分级、Ranson评分系统的相关系数分别为0.429、0.436、0.402、0.447,呈正相关.结论 DD在AP患者显著增高,中、重度组尤为明显,与住院时间、费用、评分呈正相关,本研究表明血浆DD体对AP严重程度的早期判断有一定的意义,但对于老年AP患者以及对MSAP和SAP患者的判断效果欠佳.     

老年急性心肌炎临床特征及预后

目的回顾性分析老年急性心肌炎患者的临床特征及预后。方法 79例急性心肌炎患者的一般信息、肌酸激酶(CK)、CK同工酶(CK-MB)、超敏肌钙蛋白(hs-Tn)I、B型钠尿肽(BNP)、心电图、心彩及预后资料。根据年龄分为老年组(年龄≥60岁)30例和青年组(年龄60岁)49例;将老年组根据预后分为死亡组和好转组。结果老年组CK、hs-TnI水平、体温升高例数明显低于青年组(P0.01);老年组与青年组房室传导阻滞、心室收缩力下降、死亡比例差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。老年组死亡患者的hs-TnI水平、房室传导阻滞比例明显高于好转组;房室传导阻滞是老年急性心肌炎死亡的主要影响因素。结论老年急性心肌炎患者男性居多,起病隐匿,无明显前驱症状,发热少见,易出现心律失常,其中房室传导阻滞的发生可影响老年急性心肌炎的预后。     

老年急性胰腺炎患者的临床特征和诊疗效果分析

目的探讨老年急性胰腺炎(AP)患者的临床特征和诊疗效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院收治的老年AP患者,按年龄分为老年组[≥60岁,(68.8±6.9)岁]102例和非老年组[60岁,(46.7±4.4)岁]213例,收集患者一般资料、病因、临床表现、治疗后住院时间及死亡率。采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计分析,根据数据类型,采用t检验或χ~2检验进行组间比较。结果两组患者性别、全身并发症、局部并发症比例及重症胰腺炎比例差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。AP患者主要病因为胆道疾病,其次为高脂血症,酒精及肿瘤,其中老年组胆源性比率明显高于非老年组(70.6%vs 49.8%),高脂血症比率明显低于非老年组(11.8%vs 20.2%),酒精性比率明显低于非老年组(6.9%vs 19.2%),肿瘤性比例明显高于非老年组(4.9%vs 0.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。临床表现方面,老年组腹痛比例显著低于非老年组(84.4%vs 95.4%),黄疸比例高于非老年组(66.7%vs 48.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组住院时间差异无统计学意义[(12.9±5.6)vs(11.7±4.6)d,P0.05],但老年组死亡率明显高于非老年组(7.9%vs 1.4%,P0.05)。结论老年AP患者合并基础疾病多,病死率高。老年AP患者应警惕胆源性及肿瘤性原因。     

血皮质醇浓度、APACHEⅡ评分的变化与老年重症创伤患者预后的相关性

目的分析血皮质醇浓度、急性生理和慢性健康评估评分系统(APACHE)Ⅱ评分的变化与老年重症创伤患者预后的相关性。方法老年重症创伤患者共90例为老年组,选取同期入院的非老年重症创伤患者85例作为非老年组。将老年患者按照死亡与否分为存活组和死亡组,对比两组血皮质醇浓度、APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平。分析老年患者的血皮质醇水平与APACHEⅡ评分、血糖相关性及老年重症创伤患者预后的影响因素。结果老年组血皮质醇浓度、APACHEⅡ评分、血糖水平显著高于非老年组(P0.01);老年组和非老年组血ACTH水平无显著差异(P0.05)。存活组的血皮质醇浓度、APACHEⅡ评分和血糖显著低于死亡组(P0.05);存活组和死亡组血ACTH水平无显著差异(P0.05)。血皮质醇水平和APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.364,P0.05);血皮质醇水平和血糖水平呈正相关(r=0.512,P0.05)。血皮质醇水平和APACHEⅡ评分与老年重症创伤患者预后有回归关系(P0.05)。结论血皮质醇浓度和APACHEⅡ评分可作为评价老年重症创伤患者预后的重要指标。     

老年急性胰腺炎临床特点和治疗分析

目的 探讨老年急性胰腺炎（AP）患者的临床特征和诊疗效果。方法 回顾性地分析南京医科大学第一附属医院胰腺中心2012年1月至2014年12月期间收治的164例老年AP患者（老年组,年龄≥60岁）临床特征和疗效,并与同期收治的309例非老年AP患者（对照组,年龄＜60岁）进行对比分析。结果 老年组AP的主要病因为胆道疾病,其次为高脂血症,老年组胆源性AP发生率明显高于对照组（84.15% vs 59.55%,P＜0.001）,高脂血症性AP发生率明显低于对照组（9.14% vs 31.07%,P＜0.001）。老年组和对照组主要全身并发症均为脏器功能衰竭（20.12% vs 18.77%,P＞0.05）,但老年组全身感染和持续性全身炎症反应综合征发生率明显高于对照组,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组间局部并发症发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。老年组重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）发生率与对照组相当（18.90% vs 18.77%）,但病死率明显高于对照组（7.93% vs 3.56%,P＜0.05）。结论 老年AP患者合并基础疾病多,易发生全身并发症,发展为SAP后病死率高,临床应予以早期诊断和有效治疗,可改善老年AP患者的预后。     

qSOFA联合血小板平均体积对老年急性重症胰腺炎预后的预测价值

目的 探讨快速序贯器官衰竭评分(qSOFA)和血小板平均体积(MPV)在老年急性重型胰腺炎(SAP)预后评估中的价值。方法 收集303例老年SAP患者。根据发病28 d的生存状态分为死亡组(n=57)和存活组(n=246)。收集患者包括qSOFA和MPV在内的临床及实验室检查资料。通过单因素和多因素分析明确影响老年SAP患者发病28 d生存状态的因素。使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估qSOFA和MPV对患者预后的预测效能。结果 MPV与白细胞计数(r=0.27,P<0.05)、C反应蛋白(CRP,r=0.54,P<0.001)及降钙素原(PCT,r=0.43,P<0.001)均显著正相关。单因素和多因素分析表明，总胆红素、CRP、MPV和qSOFA是老年SAP患者发病28 d内死亡的独立危险因素。MPV、qSOFA及多因素分析后构建的预测模型对老年SAP患者发病28 d内死亡的评估价值ROC曲线下面积分别为0.80、0.85和0.93。qSOFA的敏感性最高(86.0%),而多因素预测模型的特异性最高(94.7%)。结论 qSOFA和MPV升高是老年SAP患者发病...     

高通量透析对老年维持性血液透析患者住院率及死亡率的影响

目的探讨高通量血液透析对老年维持性血液透析患者住院率及死亡率的影响。方法行高通量透析且透析龄超过3个月的维持性血液透析患者141例,按年龄分为两组:年龄≥65岁的老年组(79例)和年龄<65岁的非老年组(62例),血液透析频率为3次/w,4 h/次,回顾性分析研究对象在此期间的住院情况和死亡情况,并进行原因分析。结果老年组住院例数较非老年组明显增高(P<0.01),年住院率较非老年组亦明显升高(P<0.05)。心血管事件、脑血管事件、呼吸道感染及血管通路是老年血液透析患者住院的前4位原因,老年组年死亡率为164.55人次/1 000患者年。心血管事件是老年透析患者死亡的最主要原因。结论老年组高通量血液透析患者的住院例数、住院率及死亡率较非老年组患者明显增高,心血管事件是老年组血液透析患者住院及死亡的最主要原因。     

肺动脉血栓内膜剥脱术治疗慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压效果分析

目的分析慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)患者应用肺动脉血栓内膜剥脱术(PTE)治疗的围手术期及中、晚期效果。方法选择CTEPH患者81例,按临床病理分型分为中央型组60例和外周型组21例,在深低温停循环下行PTE,随访5年,观察生存率。回顾性按年龄将患者分为老年组(≥60岁,19例)和非老年组(<60岁,62例),比较2组早期及晚期生存率。结果中央型组围手术期死亡1例。外周型组患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、深低温停循环时间均显著长于中央型组;围手术期肺动脉高压危象发生率显著高于中央型组,肺再灌注损伤发生率显著低于中央型组;肺动脉收缩压、肺循环阻力显著高于中央型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随访期间1例死亡,5年生存率为98.77%。老年组与非老年组术后早期及晚期生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PTE治疗CTEPH患者有较好的围手术期及中、晚期生存率,老年患者术后早期及晚期生存率与非老年患者无显著差异。术前准确评估,可提高PTE早期及中、晚期生存率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.