95例医务人员接种新冠灭活疫苗后特异性抗体分析

目的 分析95例医务工作者接种新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)灭活疫苗后,血液中免疫抗体结果,探讨新冠灭活疫苗接种后抗体的产生规律和特征。方法 收集2020年10月-2021年7月解放军第305医院完成两剂新冠灭活疫苗注射后第30、65、91天、6个月、9个月时95例医务工作者的静脉血样本,采用化学发光免疫分析检测新冠病毒免疫球蛋白(Ig)M、IgG、中和抗体和总抗体滴度,动态分析抗体检测结果,确定抗体免疫持久性及影响因素、相关性等。结果 在注射两针新冠灭活疫苗后第30天几乎全部受试者均产生了IgG、中和抗体和总抗体,部分受试者仍保留较高水平的IgM抗体;其中,吸烟可影响总抗体的产生,而低体质量组可产生更多的IgG抗体,当超过60 kg后,无统计学差异;而在接下来的检测时间点,四种抗体的滴度均有下降,至9个月时,除IgG外其他抗体阳性率已不足50%。结论 注射两针新冠灭活疫苗后可产生相应的特异性IgM、IgG、中和抗体和总抗体,但随着时间进展,抗体滴度明显降低,抗体阳性率下降,机体保护作用下降。因此,建议接种过两剂新冠灭活疫苗6个月后再次接种加强针疫苗,以提高对新型冠状病毒的自体免疫...     

基于微阵列化学发光技术的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）抗体检测试剂盒研制及应用

目的 建立新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）抗体检测方法。方法 考核基于微阵列化学发光技术的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）抗体检测试剂盒的检测性能，并对临床疑似病例血清样本进行采集，在实验室完成检测、确认。结果 对本试剂盒进行性能分析显示其具有高灵敏性、高特异性和良好的重复性。通过对563例疑似样本的检测，发现抗体检出量的变化对被检测对象的感染状态具有一定的指示作用。结论 作为对新冠病毒核酸检测的有力补充，基于微阵列化学发光技术的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）抗体检测试剂盒能够同时定性检测血清样本中的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）IgM和总抗体，可为入境人员检疫监测提供更全面的信息，有望对优化入境管理措施、减轻入境管理的工作负荷提供参考依据。     

新型冠状病毒疫苗接种6个月后血清IgM和IgG抗体水平的分析

[目的]分析接种新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称"新冠疫苗")后血清IgM和IgG抗体水平,为疫苗接种后抗体表达的研究提供参考信息.[方法]收集2021年7—8月在云南省昆明市第三人民医院检测新冠IgM和IgG抗体的健康体检者980例为研究对象,分析其抗体水平情况.[结果]接种疫苗后IgG抗体阳性469例,阳性率47.86％.其...     

胶体金法与荧光免疫层析法检测新型冠状病毒特异性IgM和IgG的比较分析

目的 对胶体金法与荧光免疫层析法检测新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)特异性IgM和IgG的结果进行比较分析,探讨抗体产生规律及特征。方法 用胶体金法和荧光免疫层析法两种方法对28例新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)患者87份血液样本和对照组42份血液样本(经核酸检测排除感染新冠病毒)同时检测新冠病毒特异性IgM和IgG,并对不同采样时间段抗体检测结果进行统计分析。结果 胶体金法 检测IgM和IgG敏感性分别为54. 02% (47/87)、93. 10%( 81/87) ,特异性为100. 00%(42/42)、97. 62%(41/42),荧光免疫层析法检测IgM和IgG敏感性分别为93. 10% .(81/87) 96. 55%( 84/87) ,特异性均为97. 62% (41/42) ;两种方法均显示IgM和IgG转阳平均时间为3周左右,IgM可持续存在50d不消失;荧光免疫层析法显示IgM和IgG浓度均呈先升后降变化,于5周左右达到峰值。结论 荧光免疫层析法检测IgM敏感性明显高于胶体金法,两种方法检测IgM和IgG特异性无差异,胶体金法和荧光免疫层析法均可用于新冠病毒感染的筛查,作为核酸检测方法的有效补充,荧光免疫层析法还可以动态监测抗体浓度的变化。     

郴州市39例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例病毒核酸检测结果分析

目的 分析郴州市39例新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)确诊病例不同时期不同标本的新型冠状病毒核酸检测情况,为新冠肺炎临床诊疗和管理提供科学依据. 方法 以郴州市新冠肺炎疫情期间确诊的39例新冠肺炎病例为研究对象,收集其从确诊、住院诊疗到院后康复管理过程中新型冠状病毒核酸检测的相关信息,描述不同阶段、不同标本的检测结果....     

辽宁省丹东市一起家庭聚集性新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的溯源调查分析

分析辽宁省丹东市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)家庭聚集性疫情,追踪疫情的传染源。应用现场流行病学方法调查辽宁省丹东市一起新冠肺炎家庭聚集性疫情中的病例及密切接触者,对调查资料及数据进行描述性分析,对病例及密切接触者的样本采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测,同时结合血清特异性抗体检测。报告疫情中涉及确诊病例3例,无症状感染者2例,家庭内密切接触者累计34人,其中8人为外省探亲人员,1人与确诊病例同航班,抗体IgG为阳性。本次家庭聚集性疫情是由外省途经武汉来到本地探访亲友的既往感染者引起的家庭聚集疫情。     

接种新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗血清抗体水平分析

目的 了解接种新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)灭活疫苗后血清抗体水平,为评价新冠病毒灭活疫苗免疫原性提供依据.方法 采用单组目标值试验设计,整群抽取2020年10-12月在杭州市西湖区接种新冠病毒灭活疫苗的18～59岁居民为研究对象.采集接种前,接种1剂次后14 d、28 d和接种2剂次后28 d的血样,应用磁微粒化学发光法检...     

新型冠状病毒感染者核酸和抗体检测结果分析

目的了解新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus 2019,2019-nCoV)感染者不同时期、不同类型标本中病毒核酸和抗体的检测情况,为完善新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)诊疗和防控方案提供科学依据.方法2020年2月26-27曰采集娄底市71例新冠肺炎确诊病例和25例无症状感染者的粪便、血液和咽拭子,应用R...     

2例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例出院后核酸复检阳性案例的启示

新型冠状病毒是一种新发现的新型病毒,科学认知在不断完善,防控措施也在不断调整。本文对2例新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)病例的诊疗经过和出院后核酸检测情况进行报道,为新冠肺炎疫情防控提供依据。     

颗粒物及温湿度等环境因素与新型冠状病毒传播相关性的研究进展

新型冠状病毒感染(简称新冠感染)的流行给全球民众的健康安全带来了巨大的威胁。由于在不同气候环境中广泛发现了新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒),因此,众多学者提出环境因素对新冠病毒传播具有潜在作用。本文综述了环境因素中颗粒物、温度、湿度与新冠病毒传播相关性的研究现状,包括新冠病毒的感染方式(密切接触、飞沫、气溶胶)、颗粒物及温湿度对病毒传播的影响。本研究还针对当前研究成果的优缺点进行了总结,为日后的研究提供了一些建议。     

The dynamic association between COVID-19 and chronic disorders: An updated insight into prevalence,mechanisms and therapeutic modalities

The devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused thousands of deaths and left millions of restless patients suffering from its complications. Increasing data indicate that the disease presents in a severe form in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory system diseases, and renal diseases. This denotes that these patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates compared to patients with no comorbid conditions. Several factors can explain the heightened susceptibility and fatal presentation of COVID-19 in these patients, for example, the enhanced expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in specific organs, cytokine storm, and drug interactions contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality. Adding to the findings that individuals with pre-existing conditions may be more susceptible to COVID-19, it has also been shown that COVID-19 can induce chronic diseases in previously healthy patients. Therefore, understanding the interlinked relationship between COVID-19 and chronic diseases helps in optimizing the management of susceptible patients. This review comprehensively described the molecular mechanisms that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, blood disorders, autoimmune diseases, and finally, obesity. It also focused on how COVID-19 could, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions as a result of long-term multi-organ damage. Lastly, this work carefully discussed the tailored management plans for each specific patient population, aiming to achieve the best therapeutic outcome with minimum complications.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎与吸烟的相关性研究进展

目的 着重从新型冠状病毒肺炎（Coronavirus disease 2019 ,COVID-19）患者的吸烟率、吸烟对COVID-19患者预后的影响、吸烟与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）感染机制这三个层面阐述了COVID-19与吸烟的最新潜在关系，为COVID-19与吸烟关系的进一步研究提供理论参考。方法 提取世界卫生组织报道的COVID-19最新资料，检索PubMed和中国知网数据库2000年至2021年间收录的与吸烟和COVID-19相关的文章进行综述。结果 吸烟的COVID-19患者发展为重症和出现死亡的风险更高，但关于COVID-19在吸烟者中的发病率是否比非吸烟者高，即吸烟是否会增加SARS-CoV-2感染风险，尚无定论和结论。结论 目前关于COVID-19与吸烟的研究仍处于初级阶段，在将来需要完善更多的分子、细胞水平实验和进行更严谨的调查研究，这将使COVID-19患者获益，尤其是吸烟的COVID-19患者。     

Antibody dependent disease enhancement (ADE) after COVID-19 vaccination and beta glucans as a safer strategy in management

A potential risk associated with vaccines for COVID-19 is antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE) in which vaccine induced antibody mediated immune responses may lead to enhanced SARS CoV- 2 acquisition or increased disease severity. Though ADE has not been clinically demonstrated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines so far, when neutralizing antibodies are suboptimal, the severity of COVID-19 has been reported to be greater. ADE is presumed to occur via abnormal macrophages induced by the vaccine based immune response by antibody-mediated virus uptake into Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or by the formation of Fc-mediated excessive antibody effector functions. Beta-glucans which are naturally occurring polysaccharides known for unique immunomodulation by capability to interact with macrophages, eliciting a specific beneficial immune-response and enhancing all arms of the immune system, importantly without over-activation are suggested as safer nutritional supplement-based vaccine adjuvants for COVID-19.     

安徽某医院发热门诊患者流行病学特点及临床特征

  目的  分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）疫情期间发热门诊患者的流行病学特征,为疾病的防治提供科学依据。  方法  选择2020年1月20日-2月18日在安徽医科大学第四附属医院发热门诊就诊的患者作为调查对象,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、主要临床症状和体征及实验室检查等,并对COVID-19疑似患者进行流行病学史调查。  结果  调查期间共有880例就诊患者,其中42例COVID-19疑似患者。就诊患者中以中青年为主,男女之比为1.61:1。COVID-19疑似患者与普通患者间年龄的差异有统计学意义（t=4.546,P < 0.001）;COVID-19疑似患者与普通患者多数在1~7 d内就诊,临床症状均以低热为主。有32例（76.2%）COVID-19疑似患者出现了淋巴细胞计数降低,39例（92.9%）COVID-19疑似患者出现了C反应蛋白升高。  结论  根据就诊患者的临床特征、实验室检查等结果做出综合预判,对COVID-19疑似患者进行严格的医疗隔离和观察,有助于疾病的控制和预防。     

A systematic review of re-detectable positive virus nucleic acid among COVID-19 patients in recovery phase

A large number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been cured and discharged due to timely and effective treatments. While some discharged patients have been found re-positive nucleic acid again in the recovery phase. Until now, there is still a great challenge to its infectivity and the specific potential mechanism which needs further discussion. However, more intensive attention should be paid to the prognosis of recovered patients. In this review, we mainly focus on the characteristics, potential reasons, infectivity, and outcomes of re-detectable positive patients, thereby providing some novel insights into the cognition of COVID-19.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎长期症状及其科学防控

国内外已有较多研究发现新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)感染者存在长期症状,即COVID-19长期症状(long COVID-19),也被称为COVID-19后遗症(post-COVID-19 condition)。WHO将COVID-19长期症状定义为新冠病毒感染者在感染病毒3个月后所出现的、持续至少2个月,并且无法被其他诊断所解释的症状。COVID-19长期症状包括全身症状如疲劳、头痛及呼吸困难等,影响精神与神经、呼吸、心血管和消化等多个系统。基于已有研究证据,建议加强COVID-19长期症状的科学研究、现阶段坚持“动态清零”总方针、加快推进疫苗全程接种、未来开展COVID-19长期症状的早期监测与干预,以有效防止COVID-19长期症状带来的远期疾病负担和经济负担。     

Chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms and COVID-19: Could knowledge gained from HIV/AIDS be important?

Emerging results indicate that an uncontrolled host immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (also termed “cytokine storm”), is the major driver of pathology in severe COVID-19. In this pandemic, considerable effort is being focused on identifying host genomic factors that increase susceptibility or resistance to the complications of COVID-19 and translating these findings to improved patient care. In this regard, the chemokine receptor-ligand nexus has been reported as potentially important in severe COVID-19 disease pathogenesis and its treatment. Valuable genomic insights into the chemokine receptor-ligand nexus have been gained from HIV infection and disease progression studies. Applying that knowledge, together with newly discovered potential host genomic factors associated with COVID-19, may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment outcomes in COVID-19 patients.     

COVID-19 severity in obese patients: Potential mechanisms and molecular targets for clinical intervention

With the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, millions of people have been affected leading to the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the WHO. Several studies have linked the severity of COVID-19 cases and increased fatality in patients with obesity and other comorbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and kidney disease. Obesity, a metabolically deranged condition, establishes a low-grade chronic inflammation in the body, which affects different organs and promotes the development of several other diseases. The ways in which SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates the already overloaded body organs with inflammation or vice versa has perplexed the researchers. As a result, there is an intensified search for the clear-cut mechanism to understand the link of obesity with the increased severity of COVID-19 in obese patients. In this article we have discussed various mechanisms linking obesity, inflammation, and COVID-19 to enhance the understanding of the disease process and help the clinicians and scientists develop potential cellular, molecular and metabolic targets for clinical intervention and management of COVID-19 severity in obese patients.     

Under-reporting of COVID-19 cases in Turkey

Having an accurate account of the number of national COVID-19 cases is essential for understanding the national and global burden of the disease and managing COVID-19 prevention and control efforts. There is also substantial under-reporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths in many countries. In this article, the COVID-19 under-reporting problem in Turkey is addressed, and examples and reasons for the under-reporting are discussed.