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1.
目的 分析2016-2020年广东省肺结核的流行特征,为制定适宜的结核病预防和控制策略提供参考依据。方法 描述性流行病学方法用于分析广东省2016-2020年肺结核疫情分布特征,采用动态几何数列平均法和圆形分布法揭示流行规律。结果 2016-2020年累计报告肺结核356 748例,报告发病率从71.82/10万下降至50.40/10万(趋势χ2=6 905.57,P < 0.001),年均递降率为8.47%。圆形分布法推测每年发病高峰为5月4-5日(Z=1 176.96,P < 0.05),高发月份为5月。广东省肺结核疫情地区间分布不均衡,年均报告发病率高低依次为粤东地区(72.15/10万)、粤北地区(68.14/10万)、粤西地区(65.31/10万)和珠三角地区(60.05/10万)。动态数列分析结果显示,除东莞市以外,其他城市的报告发病率均呈下降趋势(平均增长速度 < 0.00),粤东(-10.90%)和粤北地区(-10.63%)下降速度快于广东省平均水平(-8.47%)。男女性别比为2.63∶1(258 562∶98 186),年均报告发病率男性(88.37/10万)高于女性(36.86/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=75.19,P < 0.001)。报告发病率随年龄呈增长态势(趋势χ2=123 849.44,P < 0.001),≥65岁年龄组最高(164.54/10万)。动态数列分析结果显示,5~14岁和15~24岁年龄组报告发病率随时间呈上升趋势,平均增长速度分别为0.05%和3.60%。结论 2016-2020年广东省肺结核疫情呈下降趋势,而儿童、青少年等有上升趋势,应强化老年人等重点人群主动筛查,还需持续关注男性、低收入群体及经济欠发达地区,着力做好冬、春季节结核病综合防控工作。  相似文献   

2.
目的 分析2007-2017年石家庄市<18岁人群急性脑炎脑膜炎流行趋势。方法 2007-2011年在石家庄市≥ 42家县级医院开展<18岁人群急性脑炎脑膜炎的流行病学监测,选择6所医院进行病原学监测。定性描述急性脑炎脑膜炎流行特征与病原谱,以年度变化百分比(APC)定量评估发病变化趋势。结果 2007-2017年石家庄市共报告本地病例11 222例,年均发病率为108.62/10万(1 021/939 974),APC为4.81%(95% CI:3.90%~5.93%)(t=23.01,P<0.001);4~5岁组发病率最高,年均发病率为242.96/10万;除0~岁组外,其他年龄组人群发病率APC的差异均有统计学意义(1~岁组t=20.21,P=0.004;2~岁组t=19.41,P=0.006;3~岁组t=23.50,P<0.001;4~岁组t=31.76,P<0.001;5~岁组t=18.53,P=0.008;10~17岁组t=12.82,P=0.023)。男女性别比为1.46:1(6 652/4 570),城乡比为0.28:1(2 456/8 766),每年6-9月病例数占57.73%(6 478/11 222)。病原学确诊率为20.07%(658/3 123),病原谱前5位依次为肠道病毒(44.68%,264/658)、新型隐球菌(9.12%,60/658)、乙型脑炎病毒(8.66%,57/658)、肺炎链球菌(6.99%,47/658)与水痘带状疱疹病毒(6.69%,44/658)。结论 2007-2017年石家庄市<18岁人群急性脑炎脑膜炎的发病强度较高,以3~岁、4~岁组幼托儿童为主。建议加强症候群监测,强化免疫,以有效防控急性脑炎脑膜炎。  相似文献   

3.
目的 通过时空扫描聚集性分析方法,探讨2005-2016年河北省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)发病情况的时空聚集性分布特征。方法 收集中国疾病控制信息系统中河北省2005-2016年HFRS监测数据,应用GeoDa 1.2.0软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析,SaTScan 9.4.1软件进行时空聚集性分析,使用ArcGIS 10.2软件绘制地图并进行可视化展示。结果 2005-2016年河北省累计报告HFRS病例8 437例,年均报告发病率为0.99/10万,发病季节性呈现明显的春季高峰。全局空间自相关分析显示,在县(市、区)级水平,河北省各年HFRS发病整体呈现空间自相关性(Moran''s I值均>0,P<0.05),提示HFRS发病存在聚集性。局部自相关分析显示,热点县(市、区)主要分布于河北省东北部地区,冷点区域主要集中在河北省中部和南部的部分地区。时空扫描分析探测到聚集时间为2005年1-7月,一级高发聚集区主要分布在秦皇岛市和唐山市,覆盖11个县(市、区),包括秦皇岛市北戴河区、海港区、抚宁区、山海关区、昌黎县、卢龙县、青龙满族自治县、唐山市迁安市、乐亭县、滦州市、滦南县(RR=39.64,P<0.001),聚集区位置相对固定。结论 2005-2016年河北省HFRS发病存在明显的时空分布特征,发病热点地区主要集中在东北部地区,是HFRS的重点防控地区。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析山东省2009-2015年HIV/AIDS流行时空特征。方法 应用全局空间自相关性统计量(Moran''s I)和局部空间自相关性统计量(local indicators of spatial association)分析历年发现HIV/AIDS的空间聚集性,时空扫描(SatScan)统计量分析时空聚集性。结果 山东省2009-2015年累计发现HIV/AIDS有9 144例,病例的空间分布范围逐年扩大且局部地区分布集中。除2009年外,历年发现HIV/AIDS的空间分布在县区水平有空间自相关性,“热点”区域分布在济南市的天桥区、市中区和历城区及青岛市的市南区和崂山区。时空扫描发现1个一类时空聚集区,聚集地区覆盖济南市历下区、市中区、槐荫区和天桥区(RR=11.29,LLR=1 592.84,P<0.001);4个二类时空聚集区,分别覆盖青岛市市南区、市北区和李沧区(RR=7.35,LLR=682.40,P<0.001)、潍坊市潍城区和奎文区(RR=7.33,LLR=363.49,P<0.001)、烟台市的芝罘区和莱山区(RR=7.66,LLR=117.63,P<0.001)及淄博市的周村区和张店区(RR=6.09,LLR=268.68,P<0.001);聚集时间均为2013-2015年。结论 山东省HIV/AIDS的空间和时间分布均具有聚集性。济南、青岛、淄博、潍坊、烟台市较其他地区聚集性高,需重点防治。  相似文献   

5.
目的 分析山东省青岛市暗娼人群行为变化特征和艾滋病性病流行因素,为制订艾滋病防治对策和干预措施提供依据。方法 2006-2015年在哨点监测期4-7月按《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》要求收集当地暗娼人口学特征及相关行为信息,并采集静脉血进行艾滋病、梅毒检测。结果 连续10年调查样本显示,年龄≥ 30岁、已婚/同居和应召暗娼所占比例呈增长趋势;梅毒感染率从2006年1.0%(4/420)上升至2015年13.3%(53/400)(趋势χ2=54.22,P<0.001);吸食合成毒品率在12.0%(48/400)和55.5%(222/400)之间波动;最近1个月与客人发生性行为坚持安全套使用率呈下降趋势(趋势χ2=170.62,P<0.001);艾滋病知识得分≥ 6(趋势χ2=152.96,P<0.001)和最近1年做过艾滋病检测比例(趋势χ2=114.87,P<0.001)呈上升趋势;2009-2015年分年度分层分析,吸食毒品与不吸食毒品的暗娼相比有更高的梅毒感染率和不安全性行为(P<0.05),应召暗娼梅毒感染率高于场所招募暗娼(P<0.05)。结论 青岛地区暗娼人群梅毒感染率呈上升趋势,吸食合成毒品是影响青岛市性病艾滋病传播重要危险因素,建议加强对吸毒暗娼人群监测力度,开展有针对性干预措施。  相似文献   

6.
目的 分析2009-2013年甘肃省肺结核报告发病率的时空及发病聚集区分布特征。方法 采用空间统计学方法, 利用2009-2013年甘肃省肺结核报告发病率数据, 以区(县)水平计算其空间分布的全局、局部自相关系数, 并分析时空分布特征。结果 2009-2013年甘肃省肺结核报告发病率存在空间相关性(P<0.001);局部G统计量分析显示热点区域主要分布于河西地区、临夏州、定西部分县区(渭源县、漳县、岷县、安定区), 冷点区域主要分布于兰州市、定西地区部分县区(陇西县、通渭县)、天水市、平凉市及庆阳市部分县区;时空分析结果显示, 2009-2013年甘肃省肺结核报告发病率存在时空聚集性, 高发病率最大可能聚集区分布于河西地区, 聚集时间为2009-2010年(LLR=3 031.10, RR=2.27, P<0.001), 低发病率最大可能聚集区分布于兰州市, 聚集时间为2011-2013年(LLR=1 545.52, RR=0.37, P<0.001)。结论 2009-2013年甘肃省肺结核报告发病率存在空间和时空聚集区域, 河西地区是甘肃省肺结核防控的重点地区。  相似文献   

7.
目的 分析天津市宫颈癌发病趋势及流行特征。方法 利用天津市疾病预防控制中心肿瘤发病登记监测系统2007-2013年宫颈癌发病资料结合人口学资料,参照国际疾病分类(ICD-10)编码进行分类,计算宫颈癌发病率和年龄别发病率,并进行趋势分析。结果 2007-2013年天津市宫颈癌新发病例3362例,平均发病年龄为48.11岁,平均发病率为9.85/10万,标化发病率为6.65/10万。城市地区人群整体发病构成高于农村地区,但发病构成呈逐年下降的趋势(χ2=21.92,P=0.001),而农村地区人群发病呈上升趋势(χ2=12.70,P=0.048),差异有统计学意义。城市地区人群发病率总体保持平稳,年度变化百分比(APC)值为2.7%(95%CI:-9.1%~16.2%),差异无统计学意义(Z=0.564,P=0.597);农村地区人群发病率则呈上升趋势,APC值为13.4%(95%CI:3.5%~24.2%),差异有统计学意义(Z=3.549,P=0.016)。年龄别发病率曲线出现双峰,分别为40~44岁及75~79岁。结论 2007-2013年天津市宫颈癌发病率总体仍保持平稳,发病主要集中在中老年人群,其中农村地区发病率升高的趋势值得关注。  相似文献   

8.
目的 使用空间统计学的方法,分析甘肃省2009-2013年流行性腮腺炎报告发病率的时空分布特征,探索发病的时空聚集区。方法 利用甘肃省2009-2013年流行性腮腺炎报告发病率数据,以区(县)水平计算其空间分布的全局、局部自相关系数,并分析时空分布特征。结果 甘肃省2009-2013年流行性腮腺炎报告发病率存在空间相关性(P< 0.001);局部G统计量分析显示热点区域主要分布于河西地区,冷点区域主要分布于天水、陇南及庆阳的部分县(区)。时空分析结果显示,甘肃省2009-2013年流行性腮腺炎报告发病率存在时空聚集性,高发病率最大可能聚集区分布于河西地区,聚集时间为2012-2013年(RR=3.05,LLR=4 670.995,P< 0.001),低发病率最大可能聚集区分布于陇东地区,聚集时间为2009-2010年(RR=0.36,LLR=1 980.686,P< 0.001)。结论 甘肃省2009-2013年流行性腮腺炎发病率存在空间和时空聚集区域,对流行性腮腺炎监测及防控策略的制定具有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
目的 基于上海市双生子人群,探讨胰岛素抵抗(IR)与全基因组DNA甲基化之间的关联。方法 于2012-2013、2017-2018和2022-2023年招募上海市成年同卵双生子(MZ)作为研究对象,通过问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检测收集相关信息,进行甲基化检测,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析单个位点DNA甲基化水平与稳态模型2胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA2-IR)之间的关联,并采用非配对和配对设计分析DNA甲基化水平与IR表型之间的关联,对筛选出的阳性位点进行聚类分析得到位点簇,通过广义线性回归评估甲基化模式。结果 本研究纳入100对MZ,发现cg10535199-2q23.1 (β=0.74%,P=1.51×10-7,OR=1.06,95%CI:1.03~1.09)和ch.17.49619327-SPOPβ=0.23%,P=7.54×10-7,OR=1.17,95%CI:1.08~1.28)位点高甲基化超过有建议意义的关联水平,经多重比较校正后,未发现位点达到基因组显著性水平,配对分析结果无统计学意义。识别出2个HOMA2-IR位点簇,位点簇1甲基化下调(β=-0.39%,P<0.001),位点簇2甲基化上调(β=0.47%,P<0.001)。结论 IR与DNA甲基化之间存在关联,遗传因素可能在关联中发挥作用。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解浙江省2005-2020年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征和时空分布特征,为其精准防控提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制传染病报告信息管理系统获取疫情数据,通过描述性研究了解浙江省HFRS的三间分布特征;采用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行全局自相关和局部自相关分析;采用SaTScan 9.4.4软件进行时空聚集区扫描分析,ArcGIS 10.2软件完成疾病时空分布的可视化。结果 浙江省2005-2020年共报告7 724例HFRS病例,其中死亡25例。每年有2个发病高峰,分别在5-6月(春末夏初)和11月至次年1月(冬季)。累计病例在前三位的地市分别是宁波市24.27%(1 875/7 724)、台州市21.25%(1 642/7 724)和绍兴市14.54%(1 123/7 724)。男女性别比为2.73:1(5 656:2 068)。病例主要以中老年为主,41~70岁的病例占60.95%。职业主要是农民,占69.89%(5 398/7 724)。大多数年份HFRS的空间分布存在相关性,回顾性时空扫描结果显示,探测到3个聚集区:一类聚集区集中在浙江省东部和中部地区的21个县(市、区),其中宁波市、绍兴市和金华市各有4个县(市、区)、台州市8个县(市、区)和丽水市1个县(RR=13.69,LLR=5 522.60,P<0.001);二类聚集区集中在浙江省西部地区丽水市的龙泉市和庆元县(RR=31.20,LLR=1 232.46,P<0.001);三类聚集区集中在浙江省北部地区湖州市的长兴县和安吉县(RR=3.42,LLR=23.93,P<0.001)。结论 2005-2020年浙江省HFRS病例以中老年、男性和农民为主,在春末夏初和冬季的东部地区疫情高发,建议重点地区在流行季节来临前针对重点人群采取精准防控措施。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

13.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

16.
This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.  相似文献   

17.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

18.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

19.
Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.  相似文献   

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