新冠肺炎疫情背景下高校公共卫生突发事件防控机制再思考

高校活动场所集中,人群高度聚集,因传染病疫情引发公共卫生突发事件一旦发生,危害影响大。此次新冠疫情的爆发,高校作为防控重点,管控难度大、社会关注度高,建立常态化、规范化的高校公共卫生突发事件防控机制是保障师生健康安全的重要环节。作者针对高校公共卫生突发事件发生特征,结合新冠疫情期间高校防控实践,研究提出构建高校应对公共卫生突发事件防控长效机制的相关措施和建议。     

洪雅县应对新冠肺炎疫情回顾性调查

文章回顾性调查了四川省洪雅县在新冠肺炎疫情防控期间的基本做法、存在的问题,同时,提出了在县域完善公共卫生防控体系对策:一是完善公共卫生应急管理体制机制;二是强化公共卫生服务能力建设;三是组建重大疫情救治体系;四是加强基层(社区)综合治理;五是开展全民健康促进教育。     

抗疫启示：构建高效的社会动员机制

正此次新冠肺炎疫情,是对国家治理体系和治理能力的一次大考。习近平总书记在统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议上的讲话中强调指出,"打赢疫情防控这场人民战争,必须紧紧依靠人民群众"。无论公共卫生应急管理体系建设,还是推进健康中国建设,都与人民群众生命安全和身体健康紧密联系,都离不开有效的社会动员和全社会的共同参与。     

军地联合共建突发公共卫生事件应急防控体系

突发公共卫生事件是指造成或者可能造成社会公众健康严重损害的重大传染病疫情、群体性不明原因疾病、重大食物和职业中毒以及其他严重影响公众健康的突发事件。本院地处海岛,居民居住相对集中,对外交通不便,笔者对加强军地联合、共建突发公共卫生事件的应急防控体系进行探讨。     

基层疾控中心应对突发公共卫生事件存在的问题及对策

新冠疫情使突发公共卫生事件的应对成为国内外研究的焦点。本文结合苏州市姑苏区新冠疫情防控工作实际,分析基层疾控中心突发公卫事件应急处置中出现的应急队伍、应急储备、专业硬件建设及应急技术方面遇到的问题,提出要加强卫生应急人员储备、提升卫生应急物资储备能力、加强卫生应急设施建设、加强卫生应急技术储备等建议,从而为提升基层疾控中心应对突发公共卫生事件的能力和水平提供思路和对策。     

浅谈村公共卫生委员会在新冠疫情防控中的作用

新冠肺炎疫情暴发是对我国治理体系及能力的一次严峻考验。村委会、村卫生室作为疫情防控应急网络中的重要环节,发挥着举足轻重的作用。立足基层疫情,建立“村属公共卫生委员会”主导的村级疫情防控新模式,创新村防控手段,可让村委会、农村家庭掌握便捷有效的疫情防护措施,以提高农村地区应对疫情防控的能力,筑牢疫情防线,保护村民的家庭健康与生命安全。本文结合本地工作实践,阐述村公共卫生委员会在新冠疫情防控中的作用。     

上海市闵行区公共卫生突发事件应急处置回顾及对策

公共卫生要从医学层面、社会经济、社会政治三个角度来理解 ,公共卫生管理体系是通过预防和控制疾病、伤害、残障来促进大众健康及生命质量的提高。健全的公共卫生管理体系应该包括建立疾病防治预警系统、监控系统、疫情信息报告体系、社区防控体系的建设等多方面内容。而一个充满活力的公共卫生防疫体系就应该是一个实施疾病监测、救灾防病、处理紧急疫情和突发公共卫生事件的“快速反应网络”。为建立一个健全、敏锐、充满活力的公共卫生管理体系 ,我们对 1995年以来发生在闵行区 3起重大公共卫生突发事件及应急处置措施作回顾性分析 ,为…     

农村地区传染病防控网底建设现状与对策——以新冠肺炎疫情防控为例

文章以本次新冠肺炎疫情防控为背景,认为农村地区在传染病防控方面的问题主要是应急管理机制不够健全、预防管理思想滞后、防疫工作人员数量有限、应急物资储备相对有限、居民消极防疫,这与传染病防治法制建设滞后、农村公共卫生服务体系薄弱、防疫队伍建设不足、公共卫生投入有限、健康教育效果不佳等有关。对此,建议完善应急管理法制建设、健全公共卫生服务体系、加强防疫队伍建设、强化应急基本物资储备、打造科学权威宣教平台以强化农村地区传染病防控网底建设。     

我国医疗卫生体系治理能力及应急响应机制的关键问题与思考

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,党中央高度重视、迅速反应、精准施策,目前疫情的蔓延趋势已得到初步遏制,但防控形势依然严峻.从我国当前的医疗卫生治理体系和卫生应急响应机制角度来看,此次疫情暴露出大健康大卫生的理念虚化、机构管理层级过多、应急响应机制可靠性低、基层医疗卫生机构的基础防控作用发挥有限等诸多问题.在治理体系和治理能力现代化的大背景下,建议应从加强“预防为主”理念的深入贯彻、厘清各机构与部门的权责边界、实现管理扁平化;加大对公共卫生与疾病预防控制工作的精准投入;加强公立医院重症医学学科建设、提升公民应对疫情灾情的素质和改革预防医学教育体系与设置等方面来实现我国医疗卫生治理体系现代化,提升卫生应急能力.     

高校医疗机构应对突发公共卫生事件的启示

新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情对高校公共卫生工作提出了新的挑战。本文分析了高校新冠肺炎疫情的防控特点,并总结某高校发生新冠肺炎疫情后高校医疗机构的防控实践经验,得到以下启示:重视高校医疗机构专业队伍建设;健康教育内容要新颖,形式要多样;提早启动心理干预;加强与所在地的卫生行政部门、疾病预防控制机构、上级医疗机构(定点医院发热门诊)的沟通合作等,以冀对今后类似突发公共卫生事件的防控工作提供参考。     

The Anticipated Future of Public Health Services Post COVID-19: Viewpoint

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various public health functions and essential services in different ways and magnitudes. Although all countries have witnessed the effect of COVID-19, the impact differed based on many factors including the integrity and resiliency of the countries’ health systems. This paper presents opinions and expectations of the authors about the anticipated changes in the future of public health at the global, regional, and national levels. The viewpoint is based on the current efforts and challenges that various stakeholders have carried out to control COVID-19 and the contribution from the literature on the future of public health. Numerous agencies and actors are involved in the fight against COVID-19 with variations in their effectiveness. The public health services showed weaknesses in most of the countries, in addition to the lack of adequate curative medicine settings. The pandemic highlighted the need for better governance and stronger and more resilient health systems and capacities. The COVID-19 experience has also emphasized the importance of coordination and collaboration among the countries and stakeholders. The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to a wide discussion to improve international and national approaches to prepare for and respond to similar events in terms of preparedness and response mechanisms and tools. Public health will not be the same as before COVID-19. New health priorities, approaches, and new agendas will be on the table of the global platforms and initiatives. More investment in research and technology to meet the demand for new vaccines and medicines, innovative methods like distance learning and working, more respect and remuneration to health professionals, and normalization of the public health and social measures that were induced during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to be seen in future.     

COVID-19疫情给其它传染病防治带来的挑战与机遇

COVID-19大流行对人类健康造成巨大威胁的同时也给全世界公共卫生系统带来前所未有的挑战和机遇。为迅速控制疫情,世界各国采取保持社交距离、重新分配医疗资源、调整医疗策略等应急措施,原有医疗服务秩序遭到破坏,有限医疗资源受到再挤压,其它传染病防治最佳时机被错过,导致结核病、肝炎、麻疹、艾滋病等多种传染病发病率和死亡率快速上升,给人类健康和社会经济都造成严重损害。但是也有一些意外收获,如改变了人们对旅行安全常态的定义、完善了中低收入国家被忽视的传染病防控关键内容、暴露出医疗体系中传染病医生匮乏问题、降低严重复杂性流感和侵袭性肺炎球菌等疾病发病率等。年初,COVID-19大流行给全世界敲响了警钟,让各国看清自身公共卫生系统在应对传染病暴发上的不足。年末,COVID-19和其它传染病或将同时暴发,各国公共卫生系统将面临更为严峻的大考,亟待各国政府高度重视并做好充分准备。     

重大突发公共卫生事件下学龄儿童心理健康研究进展

儿童是重大突发公共卫生事件中的脆弱易感人群,2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在世界范围内大规模流行,学龄儿童心理健康成为全世界关注的问题。研究通过对新冠肺炎疫情对一般儿童以及心理问题本身高发的特殊儿童群体心理健康问题的影响进行综述,重点阐述了新冠肺炎疫情期间不同国家和地区学龄儿童焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍问题的患病情况,考虑到个体间的易感性与社会资源可及性,研究进一步探究了影响学龄儿童心理健康的儿童、家庭及社会相关因素,最后从国家、学校-家庭-社区和个人层面对重大突发公共卫生事件中儿童心理健康服务体系建设提出了建议,为构筑一个安全、可靠的儿童心理健康防护网络需要社会各方的共同努力。     

Anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines reduces willingness to socially distance

We investigate how the anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines affects voluntary social distancing. In a large-scale preregistered survey experiment with a representative sample, we study whether providing information about the safety, effectiveness, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines affects the willingness to comply with public health guidelines. We find that vaccine information reduces peoples’ voluntary social distancing, adherence to hygiene guidelines, and their willingness to stay at home. Getting positive information on COVID-19 vaccines induces people to believe in a swifter return to normal life. The results indicate an important behavioral drawback of successful vaccine development: An increased focus on vaccines can lower compliance with public health guidelines and accelerate the spread of infectious disease. The results imply that, as vaccinations roll out and the end of a pandemic feels closer, policies aimed at increasing social distancing will be less effective, and stricter policies might be required.     

The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: An overview of the health service and economic policy response

ObjectivesTo outline the situation in Ireland with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAnalyse the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Review the key public health and health system responses.ResultsOver 1700 people have died with COVID-19 by July 19th while almost 3000 people had been admitted to hospital with COVID-19. A high proportion of the deaths occurred in nursing homes and other residential centres who did not receive sufficient attention during the early phase of the pandemic.ConclusionsIreland's response to the COVID-19 crisis has been comprehensive and timely. Transparency, a commitment to a relatively open data policy, the use of traditional and social media to inform the population, and the frequency of updates from the Department of Health and the Health Services Executive are all commendable and have led to a high level of compliance among the general public with the various non-medical measures introduced by the government.     

Improving the health equity and the human rights of Canadians with dementia through a social determinants approach: a call to action in the COVID-19 pandemic

In 2019, the Canadian Government released a national dementia strategy that identified the need to address the health inequity (e.g., avoidable, unfair, and unjust differences in health outcomes) and improve the human rights of people living with dementia. However, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an inequitable impact on people with dementia in terms of mortality and human rights violations. As the new Omicron COVID-19 variant approaches its peak, our commentary highlights the need for urgent action to support people living with dementia and their care partners. More specifically, we argue that reducing COVID-19 inequities requires addressing underlying population-level factors known as the social determinants of health. Health disparities cannot be rectified merely by looking at mortality rates of people with dementia. Thus, we believe that improving the COVID-19 outcomes of people with dementia requires addressing key determinants such as where people live, their social supports, and having equitable access to healthcare services. Drawing on Canadian-based examples, we conclude that COVID-19 policy responses to the pandemic must be informed by evidence-informed research and collaborative partnerships that embrace the lived experience of diverse people living with dementia and their care partners.     

Unhealthy geopolitics: can the response to COVID-19 reform climate change policy?

The geopolitics of pandemics and climate change intersect. Both are complex and urgent problems that demand collective action in the light of their global and trans-boundary scope. In this article we use a geopolitical framework to examine some of the tensions and contradictions in global governance and cooperation that are revealed by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We argue that the pandemic provides an early warning of the dangers inherent in weakened international cooperation. The world’s states, with their distinct national territories, are reacting individually rather than collectively to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries have introduced extraordinary measures that have closed, rather than opened up, international partnership and cooperation. Border closures, restrictions on social mixing, domestic purchase of public health supplies and subsidies for local industry and commerce may offer solutions at the national level but they do not address the global strategic issues. For the poorest countries of the world, pandemics join a list of other challenges that are exacerbated by pressures of scarce resources, population density and climate disruption. COVID-19’s disproportionate impact on those living with environmental stresses, such as poor air quality, should guide more holistic approaches to the geopolitical intersection of public health and climate change. By discussing unhealthy geopolitics, we highlight the urgent need for a coordinated global response to addressing challenges that cannot be approached unilaterally.     

Perceived impacts of COVID-19 on wellbeing among US working-age adults with ADL difficulty

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people with disabilities. Working-age adults with ADL difficulty may face unique challenges and heightened health risks because of the pandemic. It is critical to better understand the impacts of COVID-19 on social, financial, physical, and mental wellbeing among people with disabilities to inform more inclusive pandemic response policies.ObjectiveThis study compares perceived COVID-19 physical and mental health, social, and financial impacts for US working-age adults with and without ADL difficulty.MethodsWe analyzed data from a national survey of US working-age adults (aged 18–64) conducted in February and March 2021 (N = 3697). We used logistic regression to compare perceived COVID-19-related impacts on physical and mental health, healthcare access, social relationships, and financial wellbeing among those with and without ADL difficulty.ResultsAdults with ADL difficulty were more likely to report negative COVID-19 impacts for many but not all outcomes. Net of covariates, adults with ADL difficulty had significantly greater odds of reporting COVID-19 infection (OR = 2.1) and hospitalization (OR = 6.7), negative physical health impacts (OR = 2.0), and negative impacts on family relationships (OR = 1.6). However, they had significantly lower odds of losing a friend or family member to COVID-19 (OR = 0.7). There were no significant differences in perceived impacts on mental health, ability to see a doctor, relationships with friends, or financial wellbeing.ConclusionsWorking-age adults with ADL difficulty experienced disproportionate health and social harm due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To address these disparities, public health response efforts and social policies supporting pandemic recovery must include disability perspectives.     

全球卫生治理面临的困境、原因及应对：以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗实施计划为例

新型冠状病毒肺炎威胁着人民的生命健康和财产安全。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗是建立人群免疫屏障、实现疫情全球卫生治理的关键公共品,WHO、全球疫苗免疫联盟和流行病防范创新联盟于2020年创建新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗实施计划（COVAX）,旨在让世界各国,尤其是中、低收入国家也能公平接种疫苗。尽管COVAX通过协调全球供应链加速了疫...     

COVID-19 vaccine behaviour among citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario: A qualitative study

BackgroundThe burden of the current COVID-19 pandemic is not shared equally in Canadian society, with Indigenous Peoples being disproportionately affected. Moreover, there is a lack of research pertaining to vaccination behaviour in Métis communities. This Métis-specific and Métis-led qualitative study endeavours to understand COVID-19 vaccine behaviour among citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO).MethodsData was collected via one-on-one interviews. Participants were recruited via the MNO’s existing social media channels. Participants filled out a screening survey indicating their intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 as yes, no, or unsure. Sixteen participants (9 yes, 3 unsure, 4 no) were interviewed. Interviews averaged 30 min, and the questions and probes were developed in collaboration with the MNO. The interviewer received Métis-specific cultural safety training. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and uploaded to NVivo 12.ResultsA deductive analysis using the Social Ecological Model framework (SEM) for vaccine behaviour and two blinded coders was used to understand the data. An additional factor, COVID-19 public health measures, was added to the framework to better capture the experiences of participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the factors with the greatest number of coded references included Vaccine roll-out and availability, Organization of the public into priority groups, Public discourse, Interpersonal influences, Interface with health professionals, Knowledge state, Trust, and Vaccine risk perception. Bandwagoning (following others’ behaviour) and Freeloading (perceiving enough people have been vaccinated), both factors of the SEM, were not discussed. Yes, no, and unsure participant groups were compared to understand the influences of each factor based on COVID-19 vaccination intention.ConclusionsMNO citizens COVID-19 vaccine behaviour was negatively and positively influenced by a number of factors. This information will allow the MNO and public health units to better tailor their messaging for COVID-19 vaccine uptake campaigns and future pandemic emergencies.