女性健康队列食物频率问卷的信度研究

食物频率问卷（FFQ）可以用来调查研究对象的长期膳食摄入模式,且具有费用低廉、操作方便、应答率高、计算机处理方便等优点,因此获得研究人员的青睐,是目前营养流行病学中最常用的膳食摄入量测量方法,在欧美许多大规模流行病学研究中得到了广泛应用[1～3].但是对于不同地理文化背景,不同种族的人群,同一食物频率问卷的信度和效度可能会不同,此外由于食物频率问卷自身存在的一些缺陷,也影响它对膳食摄入的准确测量,因此必须进行食物频率问卷的信度和效度研究[4].国外从上世纪80年代初起即有很多关于食物频率问卷信度和效度研究的报道[5～7],而我国在这方面的研究则开展的很少.从1997年开始,上海市肿瘤研究所在市区建立了一个基于全人群的女性健康队列[8,9],1998～2000年开展了食物频率问卷的信度和效度研究.利用该课题的有关资料我们从信度和效度两个方面进行统计分析,本文将报道该食物频率问卷信度研究的分析结果.     

绥化青春期女性半定量食物频率问卷制定

膳食调查是营养流行病学的重要研究手段.在营养与疾病的相关性研究中,食物频率问卷法(FFQ)具有短期膳食回忆和膳食记录法不可比拟的优越性,通常被认为是流行病学研究中膳食调查的最佳方法.     

平衡膳食指导手册在营养干预和宣传教育中的应用

目的应用平衡膳食指导手册在样本人群中进行营养干预和宣传教育,并对其应用情况进行评估。方法应用膳食质量快速评价表进行膳食质量快速评价,应用平衡膳食指导手册进行结果反馈、营养宣传教育和干预指导,分别应用自填问卷法和专题小组讨论法对平衡膳食指导手册进行研究对象和调查员评估。结果对414名研究对象所提的18条建议中,第1位的为“增加谷类食物品种”,建议率为95.9%;参加研究对象评估的380人中,96.6%表示可以接受这种膳食指导形式,82.4%表示在今后生活中能按照平衡膳食指导手册来调整膳食;调查员评估认为,使用平衡膳食指导手册对评价结果进行及时反馈,“既能够让研究对象了解自身膳食结构中存在的问题,又能对研究对象的食物摄入中存在问题进行有针对性的膳食指导”。结论平衡膳食指导手册是进行营养干预和宣传教育的有力工具。     

食物频率问卷在妇女人群中的应用

近几年来,食物频率问卷方法已经越来越普遍的应用在膳食营养调查研究之中。它不仅能提供目标人群营养状况的数据,还能结合人群的消耗和生理需求,提出合理搭配的指导性意义。通过食物频率问卷方法能够了解妇女饮食习惯,从而进行针对性指导,有利于改善生活质量,并且能在疾病与饮食关系中提供有力的膳食依据。该文就食物频率问卷方法在妇女中的应用进行了综述。     

食物频率问卷在妇女人群中的应用

近几年来，食物频率问卷方法已经越来越普遍的应用在膳食营养调查研究之中。它不仅能提供目标人群营养状况的数据，还能结合人群的消耗和生理需求，提出合理搭配的指导性意义。通过食物频率问卷方法能够了解妇女饮食习惯，从而进行针对性指导，有利于改善生活质量，并且能在疾病与饮食关系中提供有力的膳食依据。该文就食物频率问卷方法在妇女中的应用进行了综述。     

基于能量摄入与体重指数关系的膳食营养问卷的评价

目的对西安市中老年女性膳食营养问卷进行信度和效度研究。方法采用重复测量和分半法评价膳食营养问卷,检验其重测信度和分半信度;用再测分析法和确立一个效标评价膳食营养问卷,检验其内容效度和效标效度。结果膳食营养问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,3d膳食营养问卷的重测信度和分半信度超过0．51;问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3d膳食营养问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0．562。结论西安市中老年女性群体3d膳食营养问卷具有较好的信度和效度,在研究西安市相关人群的肥胖与膳食营养摄入之间关系时,是比较理想的膳食营养评价工具。     

淮扬菜系人群膳食营养与健康研究

目的：研究淮扬菜系居民的膳食习惯,营养与人体健康的关系。方法：以食物频率法调查膳食习惯,常规方法进行体格检查,计算人均每日各种食物及营养素摄入量,用推荐摄入量（RNI）或适宜摄入量（AI）进行比较分析。结果：居民食物消费以大燮主食,每天均食用新鲜蔬菜,其中青菜摄入频率最高,能量和蛋白质摄入量分别为RNI的101．1％（男）,115．％（ 女）和98．8％（男）,95．7％（女）,多种维生素摄入不足及部分矿物质摄入不平衡,维生素C人均每日摄入量仅占RNI的35．1％,钙的摄入占RNI的36．6％和31．3％,体质指数（BMI）在正常范围的占63％,人群血清甘油三酯水平较高,超过正常范围的高达55．1％,结论：淮扬菜系地区居民膳食结构不尽合理,应提高膳食中维生素和钙的摄入量,减少高脂肪的摄入。     

营养质量指数法在膳食营养质量评价中的应用研究

营养质量指数法在膳食营养质量评价中的应用研究济宁医学院营养与食品卫生教研室（２７２１１３）于进芝，庞道华，宋煜炜国内外应用的膳食营养质量的评价方法有多种，一是根据《食物成分表》［１］和现行的供给量标准［２］，计算食品中营养素相对含量，此法是我国常规应...     

如何撰写高质量的流行病学研究论文第六讲观察性营养流行病学研究报告规范(STROBE-nut)

如何提高观察性营养流行病学研究的报告质量是当前的一个关注热点。“加强观察性流行病学研究报告质量——营养流行病学研究（Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology,STROBE-nut）”以STROBE声明为基础进行了扩展,补充说明了营养流行病学和膳食评价领域的相关问题,从而为如何加强该领域中观察性研究的报告质量提供了指导。本文旨在介绍STROBE-nut并对新增条目中的一些要点进行解读,同时结合实例说明STROBE-nut条目清单在实际中的应用。     

营养强化食品： 添加微量元素 添加健康因素——食物营养强化,只为改善“隐性饥饿”

陈君石中国工程院院士,中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所研究员、博士生导师,中国疾病预防控制中心食物强化办公室主任,营养与食品安全专家。主要从事膳食、营养与慢性非传染性疾病的流行病学研究、食物强化研究、总膳食研究、食品安全风险评估与交流。1998年至今,系统研究和推广铁强化酱油预防中国居民铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血。     

Singapore Chinese Health Study: development, validation, and calibration of the quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

This report describes the development and validation/calibration of a structured food frequency questionnaire for use in a large-scale cohort study of diet and health in Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years in Singapore, the development of a food composition database for analysis of the dietary data, and the results of the dietary validation/calibration study. The present calibration study comparing estimated intakes from 24-hour recalls with those from the food frequency questionnaires revealed correlations of 0.24-0.79 for energy and nutrients among the Singapore Chinese, which are comparable to the correlation coefficients reported in calibration studies of other populations. We also report on the nutritional profiles of Singapore Chinese on the basis of results of 1,880 24-hour dietary recalls conducted on 1,022 (425 men and 597 women) cohort subjects. Comparisons with age-adjusted corresponding values for US whites and blacks show distinct differences in dietary intakes between the Singapore and US populations. The Singapore cohort will be followed prospectively to identify dietary associations with cancer risk and other health outcomes.     

湖南省邵阳市某高等专科学校女生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解邵阳市某高等专科学校(简称高专)女生的膳食特点,为改善其膳食结构提供科学依据。方法采用称重法、膳食频率调查法和24 h回顾法对500名住宿高专女生进行膳食调查;利用身高标准体重法评价高专女生的营养状况;用SPSS 11.5软件进行数据的统计学分析。结果(1)女生营养不良率为13.4%,较低体重率为47.5%,超重、肥胖发生率为3.3%;(2)女生的热能和部分营养素摄入均不足,特别是钙;(3)三大物质供能比例均不合理;三餐热能分配不合理,早餐热能偏低,晚餐热能偏高。结论高专女生的营养状况较差,膳食结构不合理,应积极倡导平衡膳食,提高学生的营养水平。     

Factors influencing the dietary response to a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in healthy women from the Quebec City metropolitan area

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and baseline food habits on the dietary response to a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern and maintenance of dietary modifications in 73 healthy women. The 12-week nutritional intervention in free-living conditions consisted of two group courses and seven individual sessions with a dietitian. A follow-up visit was performed 12 weeks after the end of the intervention (week 24). A Mediterranean dietary score was derived from a food frequency questionnaire, administered at 0, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Marital status, socioeconomic level, educational level and household size did not seem to influence the dietary response, whereas women without children followed more closely dietary advice than women with children (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-10.0). Planning food purchases in function of weekly discounts was also associated with better dietary response to the intervention (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.8). Nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern was effective in modifying food habits of healthy women. The fact of having children or not and food purchase habits seem to influence the response to a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern.     

复发性阿弗他溃疡患者营养状况调查

目的 了解复发性阿弗他溃疡(recurrent aphthous ulcer,RAU)患者的营养状况和各种营养素的摄入情况,客观描述RAU患者的营养素摄入水平.方法 通过测量调查对象的身高、体重,计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI)用以评价其营养状况;采用食物频率问卷法(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)调查复发性阿弗他溃疡患者的膳食营养素摄入情况.结果 BMI分布:102例RAU患者中体重正常者占66.67％,超重和肥胖者分别占10.78％和6.86％,营养不良者占15.69％;膳食营养素和能量摄入情况:钙和维生素B2摄入量严重不足,分别占推荐摄入量的56.53％和66.42％,且能量摄入不足;三大营养素供能比例:蛋白质和脂肪的供能比例偏高,碳水化合物偏低;膳食结构分析:膳食中摄入不足且占比例较高的食物排序为奶类、粗粮、鱼虾类、豆制品.结论 RAU患者营养过剩和营养不良现象同时存在,调查对象的膳食结构存在不合理现象,需要调整膳食结构.     

武汉市部分高校大学生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解大学生的膳食营养状况,为指导大学生进行合理饮食提供科学依据。方法从武汉工业学院、中国地质大学(武汉)和湖北工业大学分层整群抽取1 400名学生,编制大学生食物频率问卷,并进行膳食调查。结果 3所高校大学生能量及营养素摄入均较充足;武汉工业学院男生和女生的膳食纤维及男生的硫胺素摄入不足,分别占推荐摄入量的78.7%,79.7%和78.6%;中国地质大学男生和女生的膳食纤维摄入不足,分别占推荐摄入量的占79.3%和78.0%。3所高校整体男生和女生每日所得三大营养素所提供的能量占总能量的百分比基本在正常范围内;每日所摄取的优质蛋白均比较充足,分别占总蛋白的57.3%和59.3%。3所高校男生在维生素C摄入上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生在脂肪和维生素E摄入上差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论高校大学生日常饮食中能量和其他营养素摄入充足,膳食纤维摄入稍微偏低,建议平时多食粗粮。     

Evaluation of three nutritional assessment methods in a group of women.

We conducted a reproducibility study of four 24-hour dietary recalls (N = 224) and four biochemical assessments of nutritional status (N = 265) in a group of women in Alabama. For 24-hour recalls, the variance component ratios were all greater than 1, and the intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.16 to 0.27 for macronutrients, and from 0.09 to 0.37 for vitamins and minerals. The intraclass correlation coefficients for biochemical assessments ranged between 0.39 and 0.74 with corresponding variance component ratios of 1 or below for most nutrients. The correlation coefficients between the food frequency questionnaire on the usual dietary intake during the year preceding the beginning of study and the mean values of four 24-hour dietary recalls administered at the initial visit and again after 2, 4, and 6 months ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 for most nutrients. We found plasma beta-carotene levels to be moderately correlated with dietary vitamin A (r = 0.20) and beta-carotene (r = 0.22).     

Unique dietary patterns and chronic disease risk profiles of adult men: the Framingham nutrition studies

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dietary patterns of adult men and examine their relationships with nutrient intake and chronic disease risk over long-term follow-up. DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Baseline 145-item food frequency questionnaires from 1,666 Framingham Offspring-Spouse cohort men were used to identify comprehensive dietary patterns. Independent 3-day dietary records at baseline and 8 years later provided estimates of subjects' nutrient intake by dietary pattern. Chronic disease risk factor status was compared at baseline and 16-year follow-up across all male dietary patterns. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Cluster analysis was applied to food frequency data to identify non-overlapping male dietary patterns. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to compare nutrient intake, summary nutritional risk scores, and chronic disease risk status at baseline and follow-up by male dietary pattern. RESULTS: Five distinct and comprehensive dietary patterns of Framingham Offspring-Spouse men were identified and ordered according to overall nutritional risk: Transition to Heart Healthy, Higher Starch, Average Male, Lower Variety, and Empty Calories. Nutritional risk was high and varied by dietary pattern; key nutrient contrasts were stable over 8-year follow-up. Chronic disease risk also varied by dietary pattern and specific subgroup differences persisted over 16 years, notably rates of overweight/obesity and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative cluster analysis applied to food frequency questionnaire data identified five distinct, comprehensive, and stable dietary patterns of adult Framingham Offspring-Spouse cohort men. The close associations between the dietary patterns, nutritional risk, and chronic disease profiles of men emphasize the importance of targeted preventive nutrition interventions to promote health in the male population.     

某医学院学生营养知识及饮食习惯评价

[摘要]目的了解大学生目前营养知识水平及饮食习惯。方法采用问卷调查方法对398名医学大学生进行营养知识、饮食习惯调查。结果大学生普遍缺乏营养知识，除了对蛋白质、脂肪和胆固醇来源食品回答正确率较高外，对其余营养素铁、钙、胡萝卜素、B族维生素来源食品了解甚少。多数学生饮食习惯不合理，处于中下等水平。存在的主要问题有饮食不规律，男生海藻类食品、水果和奶摄入量少，盐较重；女生普遍不考虑食物构成，不能合理选择食物，蛋、鱼、肉、奶等动物性食品摄入频率少、海藻类食品摄入少。多数同学对营养与疾病关系有比较清楚的认识。大部分同学无运动习惯。结论应加强大学生营养知识教育，提高大学生营养健康意识并养成良好饮食习惯。     

Dietary intake,nutritional status and rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients in hospital

Background: Nutrition affects rehabilitation through its influence on physical and mental functioning, although little attention has been paid to effects on rehabilitation outcomes. The present study aimed to describe nutritional status and food consumption in stroke patients within 2 weeks of hospital admission and before discharge, as well as to investigate the effects of nutritional and dietary factors on rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: One hundred patients from a consecutive cohort admitted to a metropolitan hospital with acute stroke were recruited and assessed by a single researcher, with 38 reassessed at discharge. Nutritional status was assessed using Mini‐Nutritional Assessment and anthropometric indices and dietary intake was assessed by 1‐day weighed dietary records. Rehabilitation outcomes were changes in Barthel index scores and the rehabilitation efficiency index. Results: Few (n = 9; 10%) consumed ≥100% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for energy within 2 weeks of admission and 13 (33%) had energy intakes <50% of EAR before discharge. A small but increasing proportion (7% at admission, 13% at discharge) were identified as being malnourished across the inpatient stay. Younger age, lower Barthel index and a higher energy intake in the early stages of admission predicted the extent and rate of restoration of functional abilities by discharge (F = 7.503, P = 0.001; F = 14.558, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Given a general finding of nutritional deterioration identified for these patients, as well as the identification of energy intake as a modifiable influence on the extent and rate of recovery, there is clearly scope for the multidisciplinary development of nutritional support for stroke patients to improve rehabilitation outcomes.     

护理专业学生营养教育效果分析

目的了解护理专业学生营养知识、态度与膳食行为，评价营养教育效果。方法2007年3～6月，在济宁医学院护理专业部分学生中进行问卷调查。结果教育前调查198人，教育后调查137人。教育后营养知识和态度分数较健康教育前明显提高差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；营养教育后提高了对某些营养素与食物关系和对疾病的认识、改善营养行为，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论为促进护理专业学生适应社会的需求及提高学生的身体素质，应加强护理专业学生营养知识健康教育和饮食行为的正确引导。