基于机器学习的宁夏地区老年人生物学年龄研究

目的 生物学年龄(Biological age, BA)可以更有效的判断个体真正的衰老状态，精准预测BA有助于为老年个体早期制定有针对性的预防措施，目前关于老年人分亚群对生物学年龄与生化指标相关性研究较少。利用机器学习算法计算宁夏地区老年人的生物学年龄，并识别相关生物化学指标分亚群进行分析。方法 纳入2020年宁夏地区老年人健康体检者共4 060名作为研究对象，采集空腹静脉血、尿液检测生物化学指标，利用随机森林(Random Forest, RF)算法筛选与BA相关的生物学指标，计算生物学年龄，并对RF算法的预测精度进行评估。结果 在老年人的不同亚群(低龄、中龄、高龄)中，各年龄段生物学指标在生物学年龄的重要性各有不。研究采用平均绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)、相关系数(Coefficient of association,R²)进行模型的效能评估。结论 利用随机森林计算老年人生物学年龄并分析相关指标，可以更加精准定位老年人中高危人群及对健康老龄化有一定的指导。     

生物学年龄及其影响因素研究进展

衰老与人体功能损伤、多种重大慢性疾病和死亡风险密切相关。在不同个体中,衰老的速率并不一致。生物学年龄是根据机体的生物学数据计算出来的一种年龄指标,相比于实足年龄,更能反映机体的衰老状态。近年来,越来越多的流行病学研究对其与各种健康相关结局的相关性进行了探究和验证。本研究对生物学年龄相关指标和预测模型及其影响因素的研究进展进行综述。     

寿命学概述(四)

(四)寿命评估 1 寿命学发展的瓶颈 寿命评估就是用特异的生物学指标测定生命质量,推算机体的生物学年龄,是衰老的生物学鉴定或衰老生物指标测定的延伸与发展.     

生物学年龄量化方法研究进展

生物学年龄已被证明优于时序年龄衡量个体间衰老的真实差异, 但生物学年龄的量化方法在衰老研究领域至今未达成共识。本文对目前常用的一些生物学年龄的量化方法进行概述, 并提出展望。     

临床流行病学 第二讲 筛查及其应用(二)

四、筛查在疾病控制中的应用及其评价:在疾病控制中,筛查主要是用来早期发现病人或高危个体,以便采取相应的医疗保健措施。其效果可从个体受益、社区受益的生物学效果和社会经济效益等方面进行评价。     

1997-2004年贵州省城市疾病监测区人群死因分析

死因分析是评价人群健康状态的重要内容,常用的指标有死亡率、减寿年数等,但这些指标有其局限性，用潜在期望寿命损失年数（EYPLL）可测量从现在开始不同起始年龄个体或整体人群活到目标年龄之前的累积寿命损失,评价人群的早死损失具有一定的前瞻性,其结果对于制定疾病控制和预防策略更有意义，笔者分析了1997-2004年贵州省城市疾病监测人群各类死因的EYPLL,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。     

铝作业工人生物学年龄的评估

目的：为评估职业性铝接触对作业人群衰老过程的影响，寻找反映机体衰老的敏感生物学指标。方法：选择１０５名年龄２５～６０岁的铝作业工人为研究对象，以舒张压、收缩压、肺活量、Ｇｕｎｔｈｅｒ指数、手握力、视简单反应时、数字译码、视觉记忆、血清胆固醇和血糖作为评价生物学年龄的指标。结果：铝作业工人的生物学年龄明显高于其时序年龄，平均高３．６岁。结论：提示职业性铝接触可以加速机体正常的衰老进程     

贵阳市1 867名12～17岁女童性发育与血压关系

目的研究青春期女性性发育与血压的关系,以便为青少年生长发育的研究提供依据.方法 2002年9～11月对贵阳市12～17岁女童1 867名进行性发育评价,测量身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压和心率.结果同年龄、不同性发育水平(月经来潮与否),收缩压、舒张压均有随乳房和/或阴毛发育水平的增加而逐渐升高的趋势;但在同一乳房和/或阴毛发育水平时,上述2项指标并未呈现来潮者高于未来潮者的趋势.不同年龄、同一性发育水平时,除在性未发育个体的2项指标均有随年龄增长而增高的趋势外,其他性发育水平(月经来潮与否)的2项指标均未见有明显的规律性增加或下降.结论综合考虑性发育水平可较好地反映青春期女性个体的血压变化.     

公共卫生研究中人群铁缺乏状况的评估

铁缺乏是世界上最常见、覆盖率最高的营养缺乏症之一,目前,用于评价个体铁储存和利用状况的检测手段和生物学指标很多,而基于人群的评估仍面临着很多的困难和挑战,而对人群的铁缺乏状况进行准确的评估对于降低人群缺铁和贫血患病率有着重要的意义。本文综述了目前国内外公共卫生研究中所采用的各种评估人群铁缺乏状况的策略和手段,主要包括使用人群膳食铁摄入量进行评估、使用单一的血液学或生物学指标进行评估、联合使用多个生物学指标进行评估、利用不同人群血红蛋白的分布进行评估和利用血红蛋白对铁剂干预的应答来确定铁缺乏人群等,这些方法各有优势和局限性,因此,对于不同经济发展水平和医疗卫生条件的地区和人群以及不同的研究目标或调查目的,应有针对性的选择不同的评估策略和手段,为公共卫生决策提供可靠依据。     

尿碘检验中存在问题的探讨

碘缺乏病（IDD）作为危害人类健康的疾病已引起人们的普遍关注,但在补碘过程中,准确评价人群碘缺乏程度,及时监测补碘后人群的碘营养状况显得尤为重要。尿碘水平是监测及评价人群或个体碘营养状况的重要指标之一,尤其是随着国家碘缺乏病防治工作的进展而逐渐消除碘缺乏病以后,“甲肿率”作为监测及评价人群或个体碘营养指标的灵敏性和实用性可能会逐渐下降,而尿碘指标则会变得更加实用。     

From quantified to qualculated age: the health pragmatics of biological age measurement

There is growing interest, within the social sciences, in understanding self-quantification and how it affects health practices in contemporary society. There is, however, less research on how ageing and health measurement relate, even though this relationship has become more pertinent with the growing availability of services and devices offering biological, personalised age measurements, from simple online questionnaires to telomere length quantification. Little is known about who uses these devices, why they use them and the socio-technical implications of such uses. To explore these issues, we conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with users of measurements of biological age (BA) in Denmark. We found that participants engage with the measurements with a degree of scepticism regarding their technical validity, reliability and sensitivity. Rather than seeking an exact biological quantification, participants use measurements as a pragmatic, rough indication of individual health. We develop a conceptual model to understand participants’ engagement with BA measurements, which suggests that, instead of a substitution of chronological age for BA, users gauge the difference between the two to qualify their present and future individual trajectory in a lay model of the relationship between functional capacity and age.     

Excess weight and precocious pubarche in children: alterations of the adrenocortical hormones.

In this paper we assess the qualitative and quantitative differences in adrenal function before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation between normal weight and overweight precocious pubarche (PP) patients. Twelve of the 22 PP patients had a normal body weight for height with linear growth and bone ages (BAs) that were appropriate for chronological age. The remaining 10 PP patients had body weights which were greater than 120% of ideal weight for height and body mass indices (BMIs), which were more than 125% of the ideal for age and sex. In six overweight patients, linear growth was accelerated and BAs were advanced beyond chronological age. All patients underwent an ACTH stimulation test where they received an intravenous bolus of 250 micrograms Cortrosyn. Blood samples were obtained at 0′ and 60′ for 17-OHProgesterone (17-OHP), 17-OHPregnenolone (17-OHPG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A-dione), and cortisol levels. Results of the baseline and stimulated adrenal hormones in the normal weight children were found to be within reference range for normal Tanner I children. In contrast, two of the 10 overweight children were suspected of having congenital adrenal hyperplasia [one with 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency, another with 3-betahydroxysteroid (3 beta ol) deficiency]. These two children were indistinguishable in their linear growth rate and degree of skeletal maturation from the other overweight children. In both patients the BA/chronological age and BA/height age (HA) ratios were within two standard deviations of the mean for the overweight patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Construction of an integral formula of biological age for a healthy Chinese population using principle component analysis

Background

Whereas chronological age (CA) cannot distinguish functional differences among individuals of the same age, the biological age (BA) may be used to reflect the functional state of the body. The purpose of this study was to construct an integral formula of the BA, by using principle component analysis (PCA).

Methods

The vital organ function of 505 healthy individuals of Han origin (age 35–91 years) was examined. A total of 114 indicators of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and brain functions, and clinical, inflammatory, genetic, psychological, and life habit factors were assessed as candidate indicators of aging. Candidate indicators were submitted with CA to correlation and redundancy analyses. The PCA method was used to build an integral formula of the BA for the population.

Results

Seven biomarkers were selected in accordance with a certain load standard. These biomarkers included the trail making test (TMT), pulse pressure (PP), mitral valve annulus ventricular septum of the peak velocity of early filling (MVES), minimum carotid artery intimalmedial thickness (IMTmin), maximum internal diameter of the carotid artery (Dmax), maximal midexpiratory flow rate 75/25 (MMEF75/25), and Cystatin C (CysC). The formula for the BA was: BA = 0.0685 (TMT) + 0.267 (PP)–1.375 (MVES) + 22.443 (IMTmin) + 2.962 (Dmax)–2.332 (MMEF75/25) + 16.104 (CysC) + 0.137 (CA) + 0.492.

Conclusion

Several genetic and lifestyle indicators were considered as candidate markers of aging. However, ultimately, only markers reflecting the function of the vital organs were included in the BA formula. This study represents a useful attempt to employ multiple indicators to build a comprehensive BA evaluation formula of aging populations.     

Excess weight and precocious pubarche in children: alterations of the adrenocortical hormones.

In this paper we assess the qualitative and quantitative differences in adrenal function before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation between normal weight and overweight precocious pubarche (PP) patients. Twelve of the 22 PP patients had a normal body weight for height with linear growth and bone ages (BAs) that were appropriate for chronological age. The remaining 10 PP patients had body weights which were greater than 120% of ideal weight for height and body mass indices (BMIs), which were more than 125% of the ideal for age and sex. In six overweight patients, linear growth was accelerated and BAs were advanced beyond chronological age. All patients underwent an ACTH stimulation test where they received an intravenous bolus of 250 micrograms Cortrosyn. Blood samples were obtained at 0' and 60' for 17-OHProgesterone (17-OHP), 17-OHPregnenolone (17-OHPG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A-dione), and cortisol levels. Results of the baseline and stimulated adrenal hormones in the normal weight children were found to be within reference range for normal Tanner I children. In contrast, two of the 10 overweight children were suspected of having congenital adrenal hyperplasia [one with 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency, another with 3-betahydroxysteroid (3 beta ol) deficiency]. These two children were indistinguishable in their linear growth rate and degree of skeletal maturation from the other overweight children. In both patients the BA/chronological age and BA/height age (HA) ratios were within two standard deviations of the mean for the overweight patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Genetic determination of biological age in the Mennonites of the Midwestern United States

Numerous studies have shown that longevity is moderately heritable in human populations. Longevity, however, contains limited information on functional status, since individuals may exhibit differential survival patterns. In this study, we employed a stepwise multiple regression approach to estimate biological aging in a Mennonite population, using chronological age as a dependent variable and various predictors of chronological age including subphenotypes related to diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, renal function, and markers of functional ability. The residual (the difference between chronological and predicted ages) is considered a marker of biological age. In fact, two different data sets were used to obtain residuals due to the availability of data. In each analysis, chronological age was regressed on predictor variables in a stepwise manner, retaining the variables significant at the 5% level. The first analysis (N=729) included 6 significant predictors (R(2)=44.3%): glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, albumin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and ln potassium, and the second analysis (N=232) included 9 significant predictors (R(2)=71.5%): BUN, albumin, SBP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), grip strength, trunk flexibility, reaction time, and FEV1xsex. Using a variance components approach, we found that the data set-specific residuals were significantly heritable (h(2)+/-SE): first analysis=0.265+/-0.106, and second analysis=0.469+/-0.180. The residuals from the second data set appear to be more informative for biological aging, perhaps due to the inclusion of functional ability-related phenotypes in addition to the blood chemistry variables. In summary, we have shown that markers of biological aging in Mennonites are under substantial additive genetic influences.     

An empirical examination of subjective age in older adults

ABSTRACT

It has been observed that subjective age (SA) often trails chronological age, especially in older adults. In a previously published article, we argued that differences in individual’s SA is a function of their level of activity on biological, mental, and social dimensions. This article empirically tests this proposition using a newly created Subjective Aging Index (SAI). The SAI is related to SA above the effect of age with differences existing across age groups and sex. The findings contribute to the literature on successful aging strategies with important implications for health care practitioners, marketers, and individuals heading towards older adult years.     

The correlation between the clinical laboratory data and the telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes of Japanese female patients with hypertension

Objective  

This study investigated the correlation between the chronological age, telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and blood laboratory data of female patients with mild hypertension to identify laboratory data that reflect the biological aging of individuals.     

Neutralization of Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.5 by a booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a Japanese nursing home cohort

The sustained epidemic of Omicron subvariants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a worldwide concern, and older adults are at high risk. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) in nursing home residents and staff between May 2021 and December 2022. A total of 335 SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, including 141 residents (median age: 88 years) and 194 staff (median age: 44 years) participated. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein IgG and neutralizing titer (NT) against the Wuhan strain, Alpha and Delta variants, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 subvariants were measured in serum samples drawn from participants after the second and third doses of mRNA vaccine using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus. Breakthrough infection (BTI) was confirmed by a notification of COVID-19 or a positive anti-N IgG result in serum after mRNA vaccination. Fifty-one participants experienced SARS-CoV-2 BTI during the study period. The RBD IgG and NTs against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 were markedly increased in SARS CoV-2 naïve participants 2 months after the third dose of mRNA vaccine, compared to those 5 months after the second dose, and declined 5 months after the third dose. The decline in RBD IgG and NT against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 in SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants after the second and the third dose was particularly marked in those aged ≥ 80 years. BTIs during the BA.5 epidemic period, which occurred between 2 and 5 months after the third dose, induced a robust NT against BA.5 even five months after the booster dose vaccination. Further studies are required to assess the sustainability of NTs elicited by Omicron-containing bivalent mRNA booster vaccine in older adults.