淮南市不同环境中粉螨群落组成和多样性现场调查

目的 调查不同环境中粉螨群落的物种组成和多样性。 方法 选取仓储环境（储藏物和/或地尘）、人居环境（卧室或学生宿舍中的床尘及地尘)和工作环境（纺织厂或制药厂工作车间中的地尘）等3类不同环境各30个采样点，每个采样点各采集样本2份，每份10g，过筛后留取尘渣，进行粉螨的采集、分类、鉴定及计数以及数据分析。 结果 3类不同环境共检获粉螨26种，隶属于7科19属。多样性分析结果表明：3类环境的粉螨平均孳生密度为15.35±6.13～31.27±8.34，物种数为11～26，物种丰富度指数（Rmargalef）为1.99～4.35，多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）为2.27～3.13，均匀度指数（Pielou指数）为0.95～0.96。 结论 3类不同环境中粉螨的孳生密度及多样性差异较大。     

安徽省粮仓粉螨群落组成及多样性研究

目的调查安徽省粮仓中粉螨群落的物种组成和多样性。方法选取禾谷类、油料类和副产品3类粮仓储藏物各150个,每个采样点各采集样本2份,每份10克,过筛后留取尘渣,进行粉螨的采集、分类、鉴定及计数以及数据分析。结果3类储藏物共检获粉螨28种,隶属于6科17属。多样性分析结果表明：3类储藏物的粉螨物种数为16～21,平均孳生密度为20.61±4.78～54.13±4.27,物种丰富度指数（Margalef指数）为1.979～2.535,多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）为2.160～2.431,均匀度指数（Pielou指数）为0.763～0.816,优势度指数（Simpson指数）为0.118～0.151,相似性指数（Jaccard指数）为0.321～0.65。结论3类粮仓储藏物中粉螨的孳生密度、多样性及相似性差异较大。     

淮北地区粉螨物种多样性季节动态研究

目的观察淮北地区粉螨群落结构和物种多样性的周年动态变化。方法选取淮北地区仓储环境4个采样点,每个采样点收集5份标本,每月采集样本,对样品孳生粉螨进行分类鉴定。结果共检获粉螨36种,隶属于7科24属;粉螨孳生密度和多样性指数的年变化有一定规律。结论淮北地区仓储环境粉螨孳生严重,6～8月为粉螨孳生密度高峰期。     

大连地区仓储环境粉螨群落结构及多样性研究

目的调查大连地区仓储环境中粉螨孳生情况及多样性。方法采集粮食、中药材和饲料3类仓储物样本,分别进行粉螨的分离、鉴定、计数以及数据分析。结果 3类仓储物共检获粉螨22种,隶属于6科17属。多样性分析结果表明:饲料中孳生粉螨的个体数、物种数、丰富度指数、多样性指数及均匀度指数最高,优势度指数最低。结论 3类仓储物中粉螨的孳生种类、多样性及相似性差异较大。     

淮南地区仓储环境中粉螨群落的组成及多样性研究

目的 目的调查仓储环境中粉螨群落的物种组成和多样性。方法 选取仓储环境中不同的样本进行粉螨的采集、分类鉴定、计数及数据分析。结果 共检获粉螨26种，隶属于7科19属。多样性分析结果表明，一年之中仓储环境粉螨的物种丰富度指数Rmargale在0．252～2．541之间，Shannon—Wiener指数（H’）为1．058～3．141，Pielou指数（J）为0．924-0．982。粉螨的孳生密度、物种数、丰富度指数及多样性指数在时序上的分布较为一致，而物种均匀度则较不规则。结论 季节因素对仓储环境中粉螨群落的组成和多样性起直接限制作用，而粉螨自身的食性和人类干扰也是较为重要的影响因素。     

黄山地区储藏物孳生粉螨的群落组成及多样性分析

目的调查黄山地区储藏物中粉螨群落的物种组成和多样性。方法采集30种储藏物样本,分别进行粉螨的分离、计数及鉴定,并利用统计学方法进行多样性分析。结果30种储藏物中共检获粉螨19种,分别隶属于7科17属。粉螨的平均孳生密度为68.67只/克,物种丰富度指数为1.47,物种多样性指数为3.16,物种均匀度指数为1.07。结论储藏物中粉螨的孳生密度较大,其群落组成多样化。     

安徽省房舍和储藏物孳生粉螨物种多样性研究

目的调查安徽省房舍和储藏物中孳生粉螨的物种多样性。方法分别收集储藏物中的储粮类、干果类以及房舍灰尘类样本，进行粉螨标本的采集、鉴定、计数，分析粉螨的物种多样性。结果共检获粉螨31种，隶属于7科20属。3类样本中孳生粉螨的物种数为16～26，物种丰富度指数R为2．67～3．97，多样性指数H’为2．42～2．96，均匀度指数J’为0．87～0．92，优势度指数D为0．06～0．12。结论房舍和储藏物中3类不同样本孳生粉螨的物种多样性差异较大。     

合肥市不同生境粉螨孳生情况及多样性调查

目的调查合肥市3种不同生境中粉螨孳生状况及多样性。方法在5～8月粉螨孳生高峰期对合肥地区仓储食品、药材、日用品进行粉螨的采集、分类、计数、鉴定及数据分析。结果450份样本中335份检出粉螨,阳性率为74.4%;共检获粉螨26种,隶属于6科17属。多样性分析结果表明,3种不同生境中粉螨平均孳生密度(No./g)为11.01±6.42～23.75±7.74,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.091～2.611,Pielou指数为0.904～0.917,Simpson指数为0.859～0.918,Jaccard指数为0.417、0.233、0.191。结论不同生境中粉螨的孳生密度、多样性及相似性差异较大,温湿度差异、粉螨食性习性及人为干扰均为重要影响因素。     

大连地区农户储粮孳生粉螨群落组成及多样性研究

目的调查大连地区储粮中粉螨群落的物种组成和多样性。方法采集玉米、花生、大米、稻谷、糯米5种储粮样本,分别进行粉螨的分离、鉴定、计数以及数据分析。结果 5种储粮共检获粉螨12种,隶属于4科10属。多样性分析结果表明:5种储粮的粉螨物种数为2～5,平均孳生密度为(27. 81±4. 35)～(52. 31±5. 16),物种丰富度指数(Margalef指数)为0. 09～0. 43,多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)为0. 16～0. 82,均匀度指数(Pielou指数)为0. 14～0. 75。结论储粮中粉螨的孳生密度较大,其群落组成多样化,应予以重视。     

安徽省中药材孳生粉螨生态学研究

目的 调查安徽省部分城市中药材中孳生的粉螨群落组成及多样性.方法 从安徽省10个城市医药商店共采集了样本107种,采用水膜镜检法和电热集螨法进行粉螨的分离,并进行螨种的鉴定.结果 共检获粉螨28种,隶属于7科20属.其平均孳生密度为24.33±6.5只/g,物种丰富度指数为2.60,物种多样性指数为2.57,物种均匀度指数为0.86.结论 安徽省中药材孳生粉螨群落组成较为多样化,粉螨污染中药材的情况较严重.     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。