直肠癌术前动脉灌注化疗的远期疗效观察

目的 :探讨直肠癌术前动脉灌注化疗的远期疗效。方法 :将 75例可切除直肠癌患者 ,随机双盲分为根治性切除加术前动脉灌注化疗组 (研究组 38例 )和单纯根治性切除术组 (对照组 37例 )。两组患者除研究组在根治术前行动脉灌注化疗 ( FAM方案 )外 ,其它辅助治疗相同 ,密切随访 ,观察患者术后复发、转移及生存情况。结果 :研究组局部复发和肝转移发生率均明显低于对照组 ,其术后 3、5、1 0年生存率也显著高于对照组。结论 :对直肠癌患者进行术前动脉灌注化疗 ,可有效地降低局部复发和肝转移发生率 ,提高生存率     

Ⅲ期乳腺癌术前尺动脉插管灌注化疗和全身静脉化疗的疗效对比

目的前瞻性研究术前尺动脉插管灌注化疗和全身静脉化疗在治疗Ⅲ期乳腺癌的疗效，探讨术前辅助化疗的最佳方法。方法60例Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者随机分为两组，其中术前行尺动脉插管乳腺区域灌注化疗30例（动脉组），术前全身静脉化疗30例（静脉组）。观察两组患者的临床疗效、组织学疗效、对化疗的毒副反应，以及术后3年生存率和无病存活率，并进行对比分析。结果动脉组临床总有效率为76．7％，明显高于静脉组的46．7％（P〈0．05）；动脉组组织学特效＋显效率为86．7％，明显高于静脉组的56．7％（P〈0．05）。动脉组患者恶心、呕吐等化疗毒副反应的发生率明显较静脉组低（P〈0．05）。两组术后3年生存率和无病存活率相似（P〉0．05）。结论术前尺动脉插管灌注化疗是治疗Ⅲ期乳腺癌的一种有效的方法，能够提高Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者的近期疗效，并减轻患者化疗的毒副反应；它的近期疗效优于术前全身静脉化疗。     

直肠癌根治术联合化疗治疗直肠癌的疗效观察

目的探讨直肠癌根治术后联合化疗对患者生存率及预后的影响。方法将126例直肠癌根治术后患者随机分为对照组与观察组，给予56例对照组患者单纯根治术治疗，70例观察组患者接受根治术联合化疗（FOLFOX4）治疗。比较两组2年、3年、5年生存率及观察化疗患者毒性反应。结果观察组2年、3年、5年生存率分别为95．7％、81．4％和61．4％，显著高于对照组的85．7％、71．4％和50．0％（P〈0．01）。观察组患者化疗毒性反应以消化道症状、骨髓抑制、脱发较常见，3级毒性反应发生率为2．9％，其余均为1-2级毒性反应。结论直肠癌根治术患者术后联合FOLFOX4化疗可显著提高5年生存率，FOLFOX4化疗方案毒性反应小。患者耐受性好。     

子宫动脉灌注化疗加栓塞治疗92例巨块型早期宫颈癌患者

目的 观察子宫动脉灌注化疗＋动脉栓塞在局部肿块直径≥4cm的Ⅰb～Ⅱa期宫颈癌治疗中的应用。方法 回顾分析92例肿瘤直径≥4cm的Ⅰb～Ⅱb期宫颈癌，根治术前予子宫动脉灌注化疗＋动脉栓塞，观察肿块缩小程度，随访其复发及生存情况。结果 完全缓解9例，部分缓解66例，总有效率81．5％，未见病情进展；3年复发率14％，3年及5年生存率分别为88％和80％。结论 子宫动脉灌注化疗＋动脉栓塞作为术前辅助化疗对巨块型早期宫颈癌患者是安全有效的。     

乳癌手术前后区域动脉化疗的临床应用及疗效观察

对50例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳癌应用内乳动脉及锁骨下动脉置管方法，行手术前后区域动脉灌注化疗，结果：术前区域动脉化疗有效率为96％（48／50）。临床随访、3、5年生存率分别为95．8％（46／48）、78．85％（26／33）、66．7％（12／18）。提示本疗法是Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳癌综合治疗的一种有效方法。     

结肠癌术后腹腔热灌注化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

目的研究结肠癌术后腹腔热灌注化疗联合静脉化疗的临床效果。方法将53例结肠癌根治术后患者随机分为腹腔热灌注组（n=28）和静脉化疗组（n=25）,观察2组术后并发症、不良反应、生存率、腹腔复发率及手术前1天和术后3、15天血清可溶性白细胞介素-2受体（sIL-2R）的水平。结果2组术后并发症及不良反应比较无显著性差异。腹腔热灌注组术后3、15天血清sIL-2R水平显著低于术前（P〈0．01）,静脉化疗组血清sIL-2R水平低于术前（P〈0．05）。术后3、5年生存率腹腔热灌注组和静脉化疗组分别为86．1％、60．2％和58．3％、29．4％（P〈0．05）;术后3、5年腹腔复发率分别为5．6％、27．8％和20．6％、53．0％（P〈0．05）。结论结肠癌术后腹腔热灌注联合静脉化疗可有效控制腹腔复发,提高结肠癌术后患者的生存率和生存质量。术后血清sIL-2R水平和患者生存率有相关性。     

选择性髂内动脉区域靶向灌注化疗对直肠癌患者术后预后的影响

目的：评价选择性髂内动脉区域靶向灌注化疗对直肠癌患者术后的预后影响。方法回顾性分析收治的135例直肠癌患者,手术前检查排除有远处转移,根据手术后化疗方式不同分为术中置泵的置泵组）和术中未置泵的对照组）。所有直肠癌患者均行直肠癌根治术,置泵组术中行单侧或双侧髂内动脉化疗泵植入术,术后行区域靶向灌注化疗联合全身化疗6个疗程。对照组术后仅行全身静脉化疗6个疗程。观察两组患者的并发症、局部复发率、远处转移率和1、3、5年生存率等指标。结果患者的主要不良反应为轻至中度的恶心呕吐、白细胞减少,无手术及化疗相关死亡病例。置泵组和对照组局部复发率（4．10％ vs 15．52％）、远处转移率（10．14％ vs 27．59％）,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。两组1年生存率（100．00％ vs 100．00％）差异无统计学意义（P ＝1．00）,而3年（77．50％ vs 58．68％）和 5年生存率（72．46％ vs 51．72％）差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论选择性髂内动脉区域靶向灌注化疗作为直肠癌根治术后的一种有效辅助治疗模式,较术中未置泵化疗明显减少了局部复发率和远处转移率,且提高了3年和 5年的生存率。这为直肠癌术后综合治疗提供了一种较好的选择。     

Ⅱ Ⅲ期直肠癌术后加放化疗的疗效分析

目的研究Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌术后加放、化疗的疗效和预后分析。方法回顾性分析可手术切除、无远处转移的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌116例，其中单纯手术63例，术后化疗43例，术后放疗10例，三组病例进行疗效和预后分析。结果全组5a总生存率为50．0％。Ⅱ、Ⅲ期5a总生存率分别为75．0％、38．8％，两者之间有非常显著性差异p〈0．01。Ⅱ和Ⅲ期5a内累积复发率分别为19．4％、31．3％，复发率有显著性差异p〈0．01；单纯手术组、术后化疗组、术后放疗组5a生存率分别为50．8％、51．2％、40．0％，5a复发率分别为39．7％、16．3％、0％，具有显著性意义p〈0．05。结论直肠癌分期对生存、局部复发有明显影响，术后化疗、术后放疗能明显降低直肠癌的局部复发率，提高生存质量。     

胃癌手术和术后化疗的综合治疗（附170例5年随访材料分析）

本文通过对170例胃癌手术患者的5年的随访材料的分析，结果表明综合治疗组的5年生存率为56．4％，而单纯根治术组为30．2％。其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胃癌综合治疗者的5年的生存率（60．5％）明显高于单纯根治术者（36．9％）。因此认为，术后辅助化疗可以提高胃癌患者的长期生存率。     

术前区域动脉化疗治疗进展期结直肠癌的临床价值

目的评价术前区域动脉灌注化疗在进展期结直肠癌的临床效果。方法60例进展期结直肠癌分两组，PRAC组30例行术前区域动脉灌注化疗（PRAC）、介入后1～2wk手术切除，对照组30例直接接受手术治疗。结果PRAC能够明显改变结直肠癌组织的病理组织形态，总有效率95.83％。PRAC组与对照组的根治性切除率比较为86.66％（26／30）：73．33％（22／30）；术后1年生存率96．66％：83.33％；术后3年生存率86．67％：66．67％；术后3年复发率13．33％：26．67％；〈7cm低位直肠癌的保肛率75％：53．33％。结论PRAC能抑制或杀伤了大量敏感的肿瘤细胞，使肿瘤缩小，有利于手术切除从而提高进展期结直肠癌的根治性切除率及术后生存率、减少复发率，提高低位直肠癌的保肛率，是一种有效的新辅助治疗措施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.