透明质酸钠辅助治疗踝关节粉碎性骨折的临床研究

目的　探讨透明质酸钠对踝关节粉碎性骨折的辅助治疗作用。方法　 1998年 4月～ 2 0 0 0年 11月对 37例 41个踝关节粉碎性骨折患者 ,按常规行手术复位固定术 ,术毕缝合前关节腔内注入透明质酸钠注射液 2 m l,固定受累关节。术后第 3天 ,踝关节腔内再次注射透明质酸钠 2 ml。此后每周注射一次 ,直至 4周拆除石膏。通过随访评价疗效。结果　所有患者术后随访 6～ 2 7个月 ,30例踝关节粉碎性骨折完全愈合 ,功能恢复正常 ;4例剧烈活动时踝关节隐痛 ,2例行走超过 1km或阴雨天时即感觉踝关节隐痛 ;1例压陷型粉碎性骨折者 ,由于骨折复位不良 ,术后治疗效果不满意。结论　踝关节腔内注射透明质酸钠对踝关节粉碎性骨折具有很好的辅助治疗作用     

臭氧灌注配合注射透明质酸钠治疗退行性骨关节炎的临床观察研究

目的：探讨臭氧灌注配合注射透明质酸钠治疗退行性骨关节炎的疗效。方法纳入膝关节骨关节炎患者120例,随机分为三组,其中对照组A组单纯臭氧灌注治疗、B组单纯透明质酸钠腔内注射治疗,试验组C组臭氧灌注配合透明质酸钠腔内注射,3个疗程后对比三组临床疗效和WOMAC评分。结果临床疗效方面：臭氧灌注配合注射透明质酸钠临床疗效优于其他两组（ P＜0.05）。临床治疗后3个月WOMAC评分：C组明显低于A、B组（P＝0.001）,并且三组差异有持续变大的趋势,显示C组改善情况更好。结论臭氧灌注配合注射透明质酸钠治疗退行性骨关节炎有着一定疗效,通过数据分析,对于WOMAC评分的远期改善可能有更好的疗效。     

术后被动持续运动在踝关节骨折术后康复中的应用

目的分析术后被动持续运动在Lauge—Hansen旋后一外旋Ⅳ度踝关节骨折术后功能康复中的作用。方法自2009—08--2012—09将88例Lauge—Hansen旋后一外旋Ⅳ度踝关节骨折随机分为2组。每组44例。治疗组术后第2天被动持续运动,对照组术后主动活动踝关节。对比2组出院时踝关节肿胀程度,术后半年AOFAS评分,患者初始下地时VAS评分,术后半年踝关节的活动范围,术后切口并发症。结果患者出院时治疗组踝关节周径平均（35．2±1．2）cm,对照组平均（40．3±1．9）cm;术后半年时治疗组AOFAS评分平均（92．4±4．5）分,对照组平均（85．4±5．7）分;治疗组术后半年关节活动度大于对照组;患者初始下地活动时,治疗组VAS评分平均（2．3±o．9）分,对照组平均（3．1±1．2）分;2组以上方面比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后切口并发症2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论术后被动持续运动可促进踝关节功能恢复,术后可获得更好的关节活动度,以及减轻患者初始下地活动时的疼痛,并不增加切口并发症。     

纸夹板内收位固定与石膏外展位固定治疗Bennett骨折的随机对照试验

目的：研究比较纸夹板内收位固定与石膏外展位固定治疗Bennett骨折的疗效差异。方法：选择2005年10月至2007年4月门诊就诊的70例Bennett骨折患者，按区组随机的方法分为试验组35例（纸夹板内收位固定）和对照组35例（石膏外展位固定）进行治疗。骨折达到临床愈合拆除固定后，对患者进行为期6个月的随访观察。分别于骨折后6、8、12、16、20及24周按改良的Gabriele评分系统对其患手功能进行量化评分比较。结果：两组的优良率在8、12、16及20周时比较试验组优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；6周和24周时比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组在功能评分方面，8、12、16、20及24周时比较试验组高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；6周时积分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在Bennett骨折的治疗中，纸夹板内收位固定与石膏外展位固定相比能明显加快患手功能的恢复，而且固定轻便、舒适，患者易于接受，可以作为一种有效的固定方法在临床推广。     

善得定对预防大鼠腹部手术后肠粘连的研究

目的 评价腹腔注射善得定对大鼠腹部手术后肠粘连的预防作用。方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为5组：Ⅰ组,对照组;Ⅱ组,腹腔内注射善得定20μg/kg;Ⅲ组,腹腔内注射善得定40μg/kg,腹腔内注射得定60μg/kg;V组,腹腔内注射透明质酸钠。各组动物均于定40μg/kg;Ⅳ组,腹腔内注射善得定60μg/kg;Ⅴ组,腹腔内注射透明质酸钠。各组动物均于术后14d处死,肉眼评价粘连程度,并取粘连的肠段测羟脯氨酸（OHP）。结果 Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ组之粘连程度明显低于Ⅰ组（P＜0．05）;Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ组粘连肠段的OHP明显低于I组和V组（P＜0．05）;Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ组间粘连程度及粘连肠段的OHP无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论 腹腔注射善得定对预防腹部手术后肠粘连有一定作用。     

功能锻炼对膝关节骨关节炎病人功能恢复的影响

目的：探讨功能锻炼对膝关节骨关节炎病人功能恢复的影响。方法：将60例病人随机分为功能锻炼组（锻炼组）与对照组,锻炼组在膝关节腔内注入透明质酸钠注射液,并进行功能锻炼;对照组仅膝关节腔内注入透明质酸钠注射液。于治疗后第5周,根据膝关节的疼痛、肿胀、压痛、活动度及行走情况综合评分,观察、比较两组疗效。结果：锻炼组其膝关节功能改善程度优于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：功能锻炼对膝关节骨关节炎病人功能恢复有积极意义。     

膝关节腔内臭氧介入对膝骨性关节炎患者生存质量的影响

目的分析关节腔内臭氧介入治疗对膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）患者生存质量的影响。方法回顾性研究自2012—01—2012—12收治的99例KOA,随机分为臭氧组（50例）和对照组（49例）。臭氧组膝关节腔内注射臭氧＋玻璃酸钠治疗,对照组膝关节腔内单纯注射玻璃酸钠治疗。结果FPS—R评分：2组治疗后2周、3个月评分较治疗前明显降低,治疗后2周臭氧组与对照组评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗后3个月臭氧组评分低于对照组（P〈0．05）。KSS评分：2组治疗后2周、3个月评分较治疗前明显提高（P〈0．05）;但2组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。SF一36量表评分：治疗后3个月,臭氧组中只有RP、BP、MH、RE、VT、SF高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论膝关节腔内联合注射臭氧＋玻璃酸钠治疗KOA能够有效地缓解症状、改善功能、提高生存质量。且远期疗效优于单纯注射玻璃酸钠。     

局部注射透明质酸酶复合曲安奈德对大鼠肌腱粘连的影响

目的评价局部注射透明质酸酶复合曲安奈德对大鼠肌腱粘连形态学的影响。方法48只SD纯种雄性大鼠,制作跟肌腱粘连模型后,随机分为3组（n=16）：A组（对照组）、B组和C组。术后1周3组分别跟肌腱注射利多卡因1 mg、利多卡因1 mg＋曲安奈德0．2 mg和利多卡因1 mg＋透明质酸酶15 IU＋曲安奈德0．2 mg,容量均为0．2 ml。3组分别于注射后7、14 d各处死8只大鼠,取右后肢损伤区标本,评价肌腱粘连程度,并进行肌腱粘连范围评分、电镜观察及成纤维细胞计数。结果与A组比较,B组和C组肌腱粘连等级（14 d）、肌腱粘连范围评分以及成纤维细胞计数降低（P＜0．05）;与B组比较,C组肌腱粘连等级（14 d）、肌腱粘连范围评分以及成纤维细胞计数降低（P＜0．05）。电镜下B组和C组成纤维细胞增殖活跃程度低于A组。结论复合透明质酸酶局部注射可增强曲安奈德抗大鼠肌腱粘连的效果。     

运用股骨颈穿针导航器经皮多针内固定治疗高龄髋部骨折

目的：研制股骨颈穿针导航器并进行临床评价。方法：应用自制股骨颈穿针导航器对高龄股骨颈与股骨转子部骨折患者施术35例（导航组），并与对照组（132例）做对比分析。结果：导航组的平均手术时间与股骨颈补救性穿针次数明显少于对照组（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），穿针满意率与术后疗效满意率明显高于对照组（P＜0．01，P＜0．05），术中及术后并发症的发生情况两组差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：导航器可在股骨颈横断面内全方位导航，定位准确，穿刺成功率高，疗效满意，适用于高龄、体弱、合并症多的股骨髋部骨折患者。     

透明质酸注射隆鼻与硅胶假体隆鼻的对比研究

目的：探讨透明质酸注射隆鼻的临床效果。方法：选取2010年3月～2012年9月间来我院进行透明质酸注射隆鼻患者97例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者采用透明质酸注射隆鼻,对照组患者采用固体硅胶隆鼻,观察两组患者的临床效果、疗效保持时间以及并发症发生情况。结果：术后两组对鼻外形和鼻高的满意度均较高（P〉O．05）,两组患者半年、1年及2年后对隆鼻效果维持情况的满意度均有所下降（P〈0．05）,但两组间比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,观察组患者术后不良反应发生率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：透明质酸注射隆鼻安全有效、方便且能维持较长时间,适合临床推广使用。     

掌侧钛板内固定结合注入透明质酸钠治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床观察

目的观察应用掌侧钛板内固定后关节腔结合肌间隙内注入透明质酸钠治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法选取笔者自2010一05—2012—06收治的54例桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者，均行掌侧切开复位钛板内固定、关节腔及肌间隙内注入透明质酸钠，短期石膏托外固定。结果所有患者术后获9～15个月的随访，采用腕关节功能评分及X线测量指标进行综合评定：优32例，良21例，差1例，优良率98．1％。结论采取掌侧钛板内固定结合注入透明质酸钠治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折，利于关节软骨修复，能有效预防肌腱粘连及屈肌挛缩，临床疗效满意，值得推广应用。     

关节内注射施沛特治疗踝关节骨性关节炎

目的：施沛特注射液关节腔内注射治疗踝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效观察。方法：对38例踝关节骨性关节炎患者,常规关节腔穿刺注入透明质酸钠,每周给药一次,每次2毫升,连续给药5周后,按照AOFAS踝-后足评分法评定踝关节疼痛,功能障碍改善情况。结果：经过踝关节内注射施沛特治疗后,患者的踝关节疼痛,功能障碍等均有改善。总有效率95．3％。结论：玻璃酸钠注射液对踝关节骨性关节炎是一种安全有效的治疗药物。     

Combination of hook plate and tibial pro-fibular screw fixation of osteoporotic fractures: a clinical evaluation of operative strategy

BACKGROUND: Internal fixation of osteoporotic ankle fractures is technically difficult and may fail because of unreliable purchase. This study was undertaken to determine if a combination of a hook plate and tibial pro-fibular screws can provide secure fixation until fracture union. METHODS: Thirty-one patients between the ages of 55 and 90 years had open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures between April, 2001, and April, 2003. Sixteen patients with an average age of 71.4 years had ankle fracture fixation with a combination of hook plate and tibial pro-fibular screws for the distal fibular fracture, and 15 patients with an average age of 71.9 years had fixation of their ankle fractures with standard fixation technique using AO/ASIF principles but no tibial pro-fibular screws. All patients were followed with clinical and radiologic assessment at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively. At an average of 15.8 months after injury, patients also completed a mailed questionnaire with the Olerud-Molander ankle score and the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score for preoperative and postoperative status. RESULTS: All patients who had tibial pro-fibular screw fixation had fracture union without hardware failure or complications. In the standard fixation group two patients had wound breakdown and one had a valgus malunion with screw pull out. The AOFAS and Olerud-Molander scores for the standard open reduction and internal fixation were 57.3 and 82.8 before injury and 37 and 43.8 postoperatively, respectively. The AOFAS and Olerud-Molander scores for the hook plate and tibial pro-fibular fixation group were 55.9 and 81.3 before injury and 42.4 and 50.3 postoperatively, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of hook plate and tibial pro-fibular screws in osteoporotic ankle fractures in a series of patients has not been reported before. This novel technique provides stable fixation for osteoporotic ankle fractures in elderly patients until union is achieved with good clinical scores.     

内固定治疗老年踝关节骨折的疗效评价

目的评价手术复位内固定治疗老年踝关节骨折的效果。方法对116例老年踝关节骨折患者复位后分别实施克氏针、Herbert空心螺钉、解剖复合钢板、解剖锁定钢板、1/3管型钢板内固定治疗。记录骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间。术后12个月采用疼痛VAS评分评价患者负重状态下疼痛程度,采用Baird-Jackson踝关节评分系统评价患者踝关节功能,采用AOFAS踝-后足评分系统评价距下关节功能。结果患者均顺利完成手术。116例均获得随访,时间12~24个月。术后4~8(6.02±1.17)周出现骨痂,骨折愈合时间3~5(3.74±0.41)个月,完全负重时间3~7(4.67±0.65)个月。术后12个月,VAS评分为1~4(2.04±0.46)分,Baird-Jackson踝关节评分为70~96(81.45±3.96)分,AOFAS踝-后足评分为75~98(88.36±3.84)分。未出现内固定松动或断裂、骨折再移位等并发症。结论对于有手术指针的老年踝关节骨折患者,在恢复患者的解剖复位后,采用内固定手术有利于患者术后的早期功能锻炼和踝关节功能恢复。     

An Incidental Finding of a Talonavicular and Talocalcaneal Joint Coalition After a Tibial Pilon Fracture: A Case Report

It has been proposed that patients with talocalcaneal and talonavicular coalitions have decreased ankle joint range of motion. It has also been reported that rotational forces regularly absorbed by the talocalcaneal joint are transferred to the ankle joint in patients with coalitions, increasing the stress on the ankle joint after trauma. To the best of our knowledge, only 1 reported study has detailed the increased stress placed on the ankle joint secondary to a coalition. We present a case study of a 53-year-old female who experienced a traumatic fall and subsequent right ankle fracture. Advanced imaging studies revealed a comminuted tibial pilon fracture and talocalcaneal and talonavicular joint coalitions. She underwent open reduction and internal fixation for treatment of the fracture, and the coalitions were not treated because they were asymptomatic. She was kept non-weightbearing for 6 weeks postoperatively and was returned to a regular sneaker at 10 weeks postoperatively. The postoperative films revealed stable intact fixation and pain-free gait with no increased restriction in her ankle joint range of motion. The hardware was removed at 13 months postoperatively. She had not experienced increased pain or arthritic changes at 15 months postoperatively.     

踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨踝关节骨折切开复位内固定方法和治疗效果。方法2001年3月-2006年1月，采用手术治疗踝关节骨折85例。男65例，女20例；年龄17～65岁，平均36．5岁。根据Lauge—Hansen分型，旋前外旋型Ⅱ度12例、Ⅳ度9例，旋后外旋型Ⅱ度34例、Ⅳ度16例，旋后内收型Ⅱ度8例，旋前外展型6例。合并胫腓下联合分离10例。闭合性骨折21例，伤后予以简单手法复位石膏托固定后2h～10d手术；开放性骨折64例，急诊清创同时行骨折复位内固定。结果85例术后切口Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访6～36个月，平均10个月。术后未发生骨不连、畸形愈合、胫腓下联合处螺钉断裂等并发症。临床疗效按Baird-Jackson踝关节评分评定，优53例，良23例，可6例，差3例，优良率89．4％。骨折愈合时间平均150d。结论手术治疗踝关节骨折可取得满意的临床疗效，对骨折类型的准确判断及正确选择固定方法对于提高复位质量、改善远期疗效具有重要意义。     

Tibial plafond fractures treated by articulated external fixation: a randomized trial of postoperative motion versus nonmotion

OBJECTIVES: Assess whether postoperative ankle motion after fixation of a fracture of the tibial plafond, treated with articulated external fixation, leads to a better outcome when compared with similar treatment without postoperative ankle motion. DESIGN: Multicenter randomized trial. SETTING: Three Level I trauma centers. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five patients were enrolled and entered into a Web-based database and randomized into 1 of 2 groups. Forty-one patients were evaluated at a 1-year follow-up visit, and 31 were seen at 2 years or longer after injury. INTERVENTION: Patients were treated with a hinged external fixator and limited internal fixation of the articular surface. They were divided postoperatively into two groups, 1 of which had a locked hinge and the other had a mobile hinge and a motion protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: A general health status questionnaire, the SF-36 (short-form 36); a joint-specific ankle questionnaire, the Ankle Osteoarthritis Score (AOS); and range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups at either follow-up interval in the ankle ROM measurement, the AOS pain and disability scale, or the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scales. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that treatment protocols that use long periods of cross-joint external fixation that immobilizes the ankle as definitive treatment result in similar patient outcomes compared to otherwise identical treatment protocols that incorporate and use an articulated hinge for ankle motion. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because the patient numbers were too small to detect potentially meaningful differences in outcomes and the follow-up was too short to assess for differences in the development of arthrosis.     

Use of a cast compared with a functional ankle brace after operative treatment of an ankle fracture. A prospective,randomized study

BACKGROUND: Controversy continues with regard to the optimal postoperative care after open reduction and internal fixation of an ankle fracture. The hypothesis of this study was that postoperative treatment of an ankle fracture with a brace that allows active and passive range-of-motion exercises would improve the functional recovery of patients compared with that after conventional treatment with a cast. Thus, the purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to compare the long-term subjective, objective, and functional outcome after conventional treatment with a cast and that after use of functional bracing in the first six weeks following internal fixation of an ankle fracture. METHODS: One hundred patients with an unstable and/or displaced Weber type-A or B ankle fracture were treated operatively and then were randomly allocated to two groups: immobilization in a below-the-knee cast (fifty patients) or early mobilization in a functional ankle brace (fifty patients) for the first six postoperative weeks. The follow-up examinations, which consisted of subjective and objective (clinical, radiographic, and functional) evaluations, were performed at two, six, twelve, and fifty-two weeks and at two years postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no perioperative complications in either study group, but eight patients who were managed with a cast and thirty-three patients who were managed with a brace had postoperative complications, which were mainly related to wound-healing. Two patients in the group treated with a cast had deep-vein thrombosis. All fractures healed well in both groups. The difference between the two groups with respect to the complication rate was significant (p = 0.0005). No significant differences between the study groups were observed in the final subjective or objective (clinical) evaluation. At the two-year follow-up examination, the average score (and standard deviation) according to the ankle-rating scale of Kaikkonen et al. was 85 +/- 9 points for the group treated with a cast and 83 +/- 10 points for the group treated with a brace, and the average ankle score according to the system of Olerud and Molander was 87 +/- 8 points and 87 +/- 9 points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term functional outcome after postoperative treatment of an ankle fracture with a cast and that after use of a functional brace are similar. Although early mobilization with use of a functional ankle brace may have some theoretical beneficial effects, the risk of postoperative wound complications associated with this treatment approach is considerably increased compared with that after conventional cast treatment. Thus, the postoperative protocol of treatment with a functional brace requires refinement before it can be generally advocated for use after operative treatment of an ankle fracture.     

陈旧性踝关节骨折手术治疗的远期疗效分析

目的：对陈旧性踝关节骨折手术治疗的远期疗效进行分析，确定恰当的治疗方案。方法：对46例陈旧性踝关节骨折患施行手术治疗，37例行切开复位内固定，9例行踝关节融合术，应用AOFAS评分系统进行评分。结果：随访26－121个月，平均87个月。远期疗效良好，骨折全部愈合，无痛可负重，但延迟1－3个月手术AOFAS评分术后较术前明显提高，延迟三个月以上术后较术前无明显提高。结论：延迟1－3个月手术的踝关节骨折如踝穴恢复完整并获得解剖复位或接近解剖复位宜行关节切开复位内固定术；否则宜行关节融合术。延迟三个月以上手术的骨折，由于软骨和软组织发生退变，难以获得解剖复位，宜行关节融合术。