老年人造影剂肾病的临床危险因素分析

目的 观察老年患者使用低渗非离子造影剂冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查后造影剂肾病(CIN)的发病率,并探讨老年人发生CIN的危险因素. 方法 老年患者195例,造影前6 h和造影后12 h使用静脉等渗生理盐水(1 ml·kg~-1·h~-1)水化,有明显心功能衰竭患者剂量减半;测定造影前3 d内和造影后第2、5天血肌酐、血清胱抑素C(cystatin C). 结果 (1)195例老年患者中,发生CIN 17例(8.7%);造影后3个月,11例血肌酐恢复到术前水平;2例转变为慢性肾衰竭,但不需要肾脏替代治疗;3例肾功能持续恶化,需要维持血液净化治疗;1例因多脏器功能衰竭死亡.(2)造影后第2天血清cystatin C与造影前比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.137,P=0.891);而造影后第2天血肌酐(89.3±33.8)μmol/L,与造影前(100.1±18.9)μmol/L比较明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=4.776,P=0.000);造影后第5天血清cystatin C、血肌酐均恢复到术前水平.(3)发生与未发生CIN患者其性别、造影剂剂量、基线血肌酐、冠心病比例,差异无统计学意义;而年龄、基线cystatin C、糖尿病、高血压、充血性心力衰竭,差异有统计学意义.(4)多因素Logistic回归分析表明,充血性心力衰竭(OR=9.597)、糖尿病(OR=8.104)、基线cystatin C(OR=6.654)、基线血肌酐(OR=1.039)是CIN发生的临床危险因素. 结论 老年患者在充分水化后使用低剂量低渗非离子型造影剂,具有较高安全性;发生CIN的危险因素为充血性心力衰竭、糖尿病、基线cystatin C、基线血肌酐;血清cystatin C与血肌酐比较,预测CIN强度更高.     

造影剂肾病发生的临床相关因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉造影后发生造影剂肾病(RCIN)的临床相关因素及术前水化的作用。方法回顾性分析2006年8月至2008年8月解放军总医院住院行冠状动脉造影患者279例,其中肾功能不全者给予水化,比较临床特点、造影当日静脉液体入量和造影前后血清肌酐的变化。结果RCIN总发生率6.81%(19/279),高血压患者中RCIN发生率为8.65%(16/185),糖尿病患者中RCIN发生率为12.1%(12/99),肾功能不全患者中RCIN发病率为0。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与发生RCIN相关的因素分别是年龄、糖尿病、造影当日静脉补液量,与性别、吸烟、高血压、冠心病、肾功能不全无关。结论60岁以上人群RCIN的发生率较高,可能与肾脏储备能力降低有关;术前充分水化是减少RCIN发生的有效办法。     

造影剂肾病临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉造影(CAG)和经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析北京安贞医院2006年1月至2011年10月行CAG或介入治疗患者1 793例,分析CIN发生情况及相关危险因素。所有患者均应用低渗非离子造影剂。结果:CIN总发生率为7.81%(140/1 793),CIN发生率随危险因素的增加而增高。与非CIN患者比较,CIN患者中的老年患者(≥70岁)、女性患者、合并糖尿病、未水化治疗、多支血管病变及基础肾功能不全居多。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、术前eGFR<60mL.min-1.1.73m-2、造影剂用量>150mL,是发生CIN的危险因素,水化是减少CIN发生的保护因素。结论:行CAG和PCI的患者CIN率为7.81%,CIN发生率随危险因素的增加而增高。其中年龄、合并糖尿病、术前肾功能不全及造影剂用量是CIN发生的危险因素,术前水化可减少CIN的发生。     

造影剂肾病临床及循证医学的研究

造影剂肾病(CIN)是导致急性肾功能衰竭的一个常见诱因,在过去的几年内,一些刊物就这一问题提供了临床实验资料。我们重点对于CIN中与临床实践相关的4个问题进行综述:(1)什么证据说明CIN对病人来说是一个临床相关的并且有害的状态?(2)不同的造影剂导致CIN的发生率是否不同?它与不同造影剂的理化特性有怎样的关系?(3)哪些证据表明照影围手术期水化是预防CIN的一种有效的、适当的、安全的方法?(4)使用乙酰半胱氨酸来预防CIN的证据是什么?1临床相关性在冠状动脉介入治疗中发生的CIN已经受到了越来越多的关注。在随机研究中,目前临床证…     

老年肾病综合征并发急性肾功能衰竭21例临床分析

目的　深入探讨老年肾病综合征 (NS)并发急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)的临床、病理及预后。　 方法　对 2 1例老年及 3 8例非老年NS并发ARF患者的病因、临床特征、病理特点以及预后等进行回顾性分析。　 结果　老年组NS并发ARF发病率为 2 4 7% ;非老年组为 7 3 %。老年组与非老年组比较有以下特点 :(1)老年NS并发ARF发病率高 ,男性多见 (71 4% ) ,病死率高 ,治愈率低 ;(2 )蛋白尿程度极重、血浆蛋白极低 ;(3 )病理以膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化多见 ;(4 )病因以原发性肾小球疾病、糖尿病肾病为主。　 结论 　老年NS并发ARF发病率高 ,病理以膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化为主 ,蛋白尿及低蛋白血症严重 ,预后差。     

肾病综合征合并急性肾功能衰竭19例临床及病理分析

目的 探讨肾病综合征(NS)合并急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的病理类型及临床治疗方法。方法 对19例NS合并ARF患者进行肾活检，治疗方案根据病理特征做相应调整，观察治疗前后肾功能的变化。结果 微小病变8例，系膜增生性6例(轻、中度增生各3例)，局灶节段性肾小球硬化1例，膜性肾病1例，IgA肾病2例，膜增生性肾炎1例。肾间质水肿、肾小管细胞病变为共性病理改变。治疗后恢复12例，好转6例，死亡1例。结论 NS合并ARF可见于多种病理类型，以微小病变及系膜增生为主，及时活检有助于NS合并ARF的诊断和治疗。     

造影剂肾病研究进展

随着造影技术的广泛应用,造影剂肾病（contrast induced nephrapathy,CIN）越来越多地见于临床,尤其常见于心血管疾病冠状动脉介入治疗后.CIN延长患者住院时间,增加患者病死率,属严重并发症,已引起广泛关注.尽管已经采取了一些有效措施如选择合适的患者、造影剂类型和剂量、正确的水化和停用其他肾毒性制剂等来降低CIN的发生率,CIN仍然是医院获得性急性肾衰竭的第三大主要原因,在老年人群中更为突出[1].     

造影剂肾病的危险因素及新型预测模型的建立

目的 探索冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)或经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary inter-vention,PCI)治疗患者PCI治疗后造影剂肾病(contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)风险预测因子并建立PCI治疗前新型CIN预测模型...     

心脑血管造影和介入治疗造影剂肾病的相关危险因素研究

目的 探讨接受心脑血管造影和介入治疗的患者发生造影剂肾病(CIN)的相关危险因素及其预后.方法 收集大庆龙南医院近5年的624例接受心脑血管造影和介入治疗的患者临床资料及随访资料,按CIN诊断标准将其分为CIN组(53例)和非CIN组(571例),分析CIN发生的危险因素及CIN患者的预后.结果 624例患者中有53例发生CIN,CIN发生率为8.49%,多变量逻辑分析显示CIN的危险因素为肾功能不全、糖尿病和造影剂剂量;CIN组与非CIN组患者住院期间心源性死亡率分别为3.77%和1.40%(P＞0.05),两组患者术后1年心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶血管重建、心血管事件、脑血管事件发生率分别为(9.43%、2.80%)、(3.77%、1.75%)、(7.55%、4.55%)、(13.20%、7.36%)及(5.66%、6.12%),其中两组患者术后1年心源性死亡率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肾功能不全、糖尿病和造影剂剂量是造影剂肾病发生的主要危险因素.     

Risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy: role of hyperlipidaemia and its correction

Hypertension, proteinuria and hyperlipidaemia are major factors implicated in the progression of chronic renal failure towards uraemia. All of these factors are frequently more pronounced in diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the rate of progression of renal insufficiency in 12 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN group) and 18 patients with non-diabetic chronic nephropathy (CN group) during a 2-year period. All patients had high blood pressure on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy, hypercholesterolaemia and proteinuria in the non-nephrotic range. Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had an overlapping range in the two groups. The rate of GFR decline during the 2-year period was similar for the DN and CN groups (0.23 vs 0.21 ml/min per month) and correlated with the mean values of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol for both groups (DNr=0.569, CNr=0.511,P<0.05). After 1 year of ACE inhibitor therapy we randomly allocated a subset of patients in each group (6 DN and 9 CN) to receive HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor (simvastatin or pravastatin 10 mg/day). We observed a decrease in total (–21%) and LDL-cholesterol (–32%) and triglycerides (–11%) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (+8%). The rate of GFR decline was lower in the statin-treated group compared with the previous period (DN–0.21 vs –0.25 ml/min per month; CN –0.18 vs –0.22 ml/min per month). Our data support the hypothesis that associated risk factors rather than diabetes per se are responsible for the rate of progression of renal failure in DN and that the correction of lipid abnormalities may play a key role in slowing the rate of renal function decline.     

老年人院内急性肾功能衰竭的临床特点及急诊腹膜透析疗效分析

目的　分析老年人院内急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)的常见原因及床旁插管进行连续性腹膜透析 (CCPD)的临床效果。方法　老年ARF 2 8例 ,年龄 6 0～ 84 (6 8 2± 9 6 )岁。青壮年ARF 13例 (男 7例 ,女 6例 ) ,年龄 19～ 4 5(39 5± 9 1)岁。分析两组病人的ARF致病因素 ,观察和对比 32例床旁插管进行腹膜透析 (PD)的临床效果。结果　在导致ARF的各种原因中 ,肾前性因素占的 32 1% ,感染及创伤控制欠佳共占 39 3%以及肾毒性药物的不当使用占 14 3% ,合计占 85 7%。 2 1例老年ARF患者 (76 % )接受腹膜透析治疗 ,11例 (5 2 4 % )获得完全缓解、5例 (2 3 8% )转为慢性维持腹膜透析 ,抢救成功率达到 81 0 % ,病死率仅为 19 1%。结论　肾前性因素 ,感染及创伤的控制欠佳以及肾毒性药物的不当使用是老年人院内ARF的常见原因 ,床旁插管进行腹膜透析是一种安全、简单、有效的治疗方法。     

对比剂肾病及他汀类药物对其预防的研究进展

随着现代影像学的发展和心脏介入诊治术中对比剂的广泛应用,由对比剂引起的急性肾功能衰竭己成为当前医源性肾功能衰竭的第3位常见原因,带来了患者死亡率上升、治疗费用增加和住院时间延长等问题。目前,对比剂肾病（contrast—induced nephropathy,CIN）最常用的定义为：     

Treatment and clinical outcomes of elderly idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A multicenter cohort study in Korea

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common glomerulonephritis in elderly patients showing nephrotic syndrome. However, little is known about its treatment options and outcomes in elderly MN patients at long term follow-up. We retrospectively enrolled patients with biopsy-proven MN between April 1990 and December 2015 from eight tertiary hospitals in Korea. Among them, we excluded patients who had secondary causes of MN and subnephrotic-range proteinuria. We evaluated the presenting features and clinical outcomes and analyzed the all-cause mortality, renal outcomes, infection, and remission with respect to age. During the median follow-up at 77.2 months, 198 younger patients (<65 years) and 133 elderly patients (≥65 years) were enrolled. Age was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality, renal outcome, and infection (for all P < 0.05) except remission. In elderly patients, there was no significant factor associated with mortality rate. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) was significantly associated with renal outcome and infection (renal outcome, hazard ration [HR] 0.06, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.01–0.36, P = 0.003; infection, HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.94, P = 0.041). Immunosuppressant therapy significantly increased renal outcome (P = 0.045) and infection (P = 0.029) compared with conservative therapy. In conclusion, old age is one of the clinically important predictors for MN patients. Among the treatment of elderly MN patients, only ACEI or ARB was associated with beneficial effects on renal outcome and infection. Elderly MN patients need a more tailored regimen considering their comorbidities and condition.     

Protective effect of an oral adsorbent on renal function in chronic renal failure: determinants of its efficacy in diabetic nephropathy

Large-scale clinical trials have shown that the oral adsorbent AST-120 improves renal function and delays the initiation of dialysis in chronic renal failure (CRF) secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis. If renal failure progresses via common mechanisms, then the same effects can be expected in diabetic nephropathy. However, no study on diabetic nephropathy has been reported. Thus, we enrolled patients with statistically significant progression of CRF secondary to diabetic nephropathy, and analyzed the changes in renal function after AST-120 therapy, and the clinical factors associated with response to therapy. We enrolled 276 patients with diabetic nephropathy, whose serum creatinine (Scr) had increased from 3.4 to 4.5 mg/dL during the 4.5 +/- 3.7 months prior to the study. These patients took AST-120 at a dose of 5.0 +/- 1.4 g/day for 6 months. The clinical data were analyzed by dividing the patients into three groups based on the changes in Scr after AST-120 therapy, with responders showing a decrease (N = 82), partial responders showing <1.5-fold increase (N = 144), and non-responders showing >/=1.5-fold increase (N = 50). AST-120 significantly lowered the slope of 1/Scr-time line, suggesting that AST-120 suppressed the progression of renal impairment. No responders required dialysis, whereas 24.3% of the partial responders and 36.0% of the non-responders started dialysis therapy. In responders, the 1/Scr-time slope showed a negative-to-positive shift and serum urea nitrogen decreased significantly, whereas the improvement was moderate in partial responders and minimal in non-responders. Among responders, AST-120 therapy significantly improved renal function despite the presence of hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, anemia or hypertension in many patients. The beneficial effect of AST-120 was significantly more marked in patients with blood pressure controlled within the normal ranges and hematocrit maintained at 30% or above. AST-120 reversed renal dysfunction or delayed the initiation of dialysis therapy in patients with progressive aggravation of CRF secondary to diabetic nephropathy, independent of hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, anemia and hypertension. Active use of AST-120 may be recommended in patients with good control of blood pressure and hematocrit above 30%.     

老年糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨非离子型造影剂对于老年糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后造影剂肾病(CIN)发生的影响,筛选可能的危险因素。方法选取行PCI治疗的134例老年糖尿病合并ACS患者(年龄≥65岁),选择同期无糖尿病的145例老年PCI患者进行对比,比较两组患者的年龄、术前脑钠尿肽、射血分数、25-羟维生素D、估算的肾小球滤过率(e GFR)、血白蛋白等。应用多因素Logistic回归分析筛查可能的危险因素。结果 134例老年糖尿病PCI患者发生造影剂肾病17例,发生率为12.6%,无糖尿病的145例老年PCI患者发生造影剂肾病13例,发生率8.9%,两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组之间性别、围手术期用药中ACEI/ARB比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病组术前BNP、纤维蛋白原、血小板体积分布宽度高于非糖尿病组,25-羟维生素D低于非糖尿病组(P0.05)。对老年糖尿病合并ACS患者PCI后发生造影剂肾病行Loistic回归分析显示,纤维蛋白原、25-羟维生素D进入回归方程,为造影剂肾病发生的危险因素,术前纤维蛋白原升高增加造影剂肾病的发病风险(OR=3.403,95%CI:1.353~6.845,P=0.007),25-羟维生素D降低使造影剂肾病发生风险显著增加(OR=0.485,95%CI:0.282~0.833,P=0.009)。结论术前纤维蛋白原升高、25-羟维生素D下降使老年糖尿病合并ACS患者PCI术后造影剂肾病发生风险增加。     

老年慢性心力衰竭伴发心肾综合征的临床特点及相关危险因素logistics回归分析

【】目的：探究老年慢性心力衰竭伴发心肾综合征(CRS)的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法:选取2014年3月~2016年5月在我院就诊的184例老年慢性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象,其中未发生CRS患者为非CRS组,伴发CRS患者为CRS组,采用logistics回归对老年患者慢性心力衰竭伴发CRS危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果：45例患者为CRS组,发生率为24.46%,139例为非CRS组占75.95%。两组患者在年龄、心功能分级、糖尿病病史、急性心肌梗死、感染方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在性别、肺心病病史、房颤病史、脑血管病史方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。CRS组患者多伴有夜间阵发性呼吸困难、肺水肿、少尿、低血压,Hct、ALB、Hb、尿PH水平较低,中性粒细胞比例、BUN、WBC、Cr、CRP、尿蛋白水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。引入多因素Logistic回归方程的变量为糖尿病史、年龄、入院期间Cr水平、Hb水平、CRP水平。结论：有糖尿病史、高龄,入院期间Cr水平、CRP水平上升,Hb水平降低为老年患者心力衰竭并发CRS的高危因素。     

Long-term renal function preservation after renal artery stenting in patients with progressive ischemic nephropathy.

We assessed the long-term effect of successful renal artery stent revascularization on renal function, blood pressure control, and survival in patients with progressive renal dysfunction due to ischemic nephropathy. Ischemic nephropathy presents a potentially serious risk of complete loss of renal function. Surgical renal revascularization is associated with significant risk of mortality/morbidity in this patient population. The potential role and long-term effect of renal artery stent revascularization in this patient population is not well defined. A cohort of 51 patients (mean age, 72 years; 52.9% men) with progressive azotemia, defined as a preprocedure serum creatinine (Scr) value of >or= 1.5 mg/dl and a negative slope of the reciprocal 1/Scr curve during the 12 months preceding revascularization, underwent successful primary stent deployment in 93 atherosclerotic renal artery lesions (42 bilateral, 9 solitary kidneys). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) and serum creatinine values, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication requirements, and survival rates were monitored over a mean of 30-month follow-up. Renal artery duplex Doppler or renal angiography were performed at a mean of 13 months (range, 7-15 months) to assess stent patency. Stent implantation was successful in 92/93 (98.9%) stenotic renal arteries (mean preprocedure serum creatinine 2.3 +/- 0.9 mg/dl; range, 1.5-8.2 mg/dl). Forty-seven patients were eligible for 30-month follow-up of the procedural effect on renal function, blood pressure control, number of antihypertensive medications, and survival. At 1-year follow-up, the slope of the 1/Scr curve increased and the EGFR values significantly improved compared to preprocedure values (19.9 +/- 6.2 to 26.8 +/- 10.1 ml/min; P < 0.0001), serum creatinine decreased from the mean preprocedure value to 1.75 +/- 0.69 mg/dl (P < 0.001), with renal function improvement or stabilization observed in 94% of patients; three patients (7.3%) required permanent hemodialysis during the 30-month follow-up period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased (from 177 +/- 28 to 148 +/- 25 mm Hg and from 92 +/- 15 to 78 +/- 14 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.001) with fewer antihypertensive medications required to control blood pressure (3.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.9 +/- 1.3; P < 0.001). The patient survival rate after 30-month follow-up was 87%, with three deaths related to end-stage renal failure. Renal artery stent revascularization reversed progressive renal dysfunction within the first 12 months and maintained the improved level of renal function at 30-month follow-up while improving blood pressure control and reducing the number of antihypertensive medication requirements. Renal stent revascularization should be considered a valid therapeutic option for the long-term treatment of ischemic nephropathy.