家庭抗逆力在脑卒中患者日常生活能力与主要照顾者负担间的中介效应

目的 探讨家庭抗逆力在脑卒中患者日常生活能力与主要照顾者负担间的中介作用，为开展护理干预以有效减轻脑卒中患者主要照顾者负担提供参考。方法 以便利抽样法选取286例脑卒中患者及其主要照顾者，采用一般资料调查表、改良Barthel指数量表中文版、家庭抗逆力评定量表中文简化版、Zarit照顾者负担量表进行调查。结果 脑卒中患者日常生活能力总分为(40.86±13.14)分，家庭抗逆力总分为(101.85±14.78)分，照顾者负担总分为(40.98±13.68)分。脑卒中患者日常生活能力总分与家庭抗逆力总分呈正相关，二者与主要照顾者负担总分呈负相关(均P<0.05);家庭抗逆力在脑卒中患者日常生活能力与主要照顾者负担间起部分中介效应，效应量占比为37.44%。结论 脑卒中患者日常生活能力可通过家庭抗逆力的中介作用对主要照顾者负担产生影响。医护人员在促进脑卒中患者日常生活能力恢复的同时应以家庭抗逆力作为干预靶点，充分挖掘家庭内部整体力量，促进家庭抗逆力水平的提高，进而减轻脑卒中患者主要照顾者负担。     

家庭抗逆力在脑卒中患者日常生活能力与主要照顾者负担间的中介效应

目的 探讨家庭抗逆力在脑卒中患者日常生活能力与主要照顾者负担间的中介作用，为开展护理干预以有效减轻脑卒中患者主要照顾者负担提供参考。 方法 以便利抽样法选取286例脑卒中患者及其主要照顾者，采用一般资料调查表、改良Barthel指数量表中文版、家庭抗逆力评定量表中文简化版、Zarit照顾者负担量表进行调查。 结果 脑卒中患者日常生活能力总分为（40.86±13.14）分，家庭抗逆力总分为（101.85±14.78）分，照顾者负担总分为（40.98±13.68）分。脑卒中患者日常生活能力总分与家庭抗逆力总分呈正相关，二者与主要照顾者负担总分呈负相关（均P＜0.05）；家庭抗逆力在脑卒中患者日常生活能力与主要照顾者负担间起部分中介效应，效应量占比为37.44%。 结论 脑卒中患者日常生活能力可通过家庭抗逆力的中介作用对主要照顾者负担产生影响。医护人员在促进脑卒中患者日常生活能力恢复的同时应以家庭抗逆力作为干预靶点，充分挖掘家庭内部整体力量，促进家庭抗逆力水平的提高，进而减轻脑卒中患者主要照顾者负担。     

慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现况及影响因素调查

目的 探究慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现状,分析其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 采用便利抽样方法,选取山东省3所三甲医院儿科肾病病区的203名慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、中文版家庭抗逆力评定量表、照顾负担量表、疾病管理能力亚量表、简易版慢性肾病患儿照顾者疾病认知问卷进行调查.结果 慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力得分(95.30±9.83)分.多元逐步回归分析显示,慢性肾脏病患儿住院时间、照顾者照顾负担、疾病管理能力、疾病认知是慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力的主要影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力处于中等偏下水平,医护人员需针对家庭抗逆力影响因素加强干预,缓解照顾者照顾负担,提高其疾病认知与管理能力,为家庭提供充足资源,以有效提升家庭抗逆力,稳固家庭功能.     

康复期脊髓损伤照顾者护理负担与生活质量的研究

目的了解脊髓损伤患者照顾者护理负担、生活质量现状并探讨其影响因素。方法对116名脊髓损伤患者照顾者采用一般资料问卷、照顾者负担量表、世界卫生组织生活质量简表进行调查。结果照顾者护理负担总分(41.01±16.57)分,影响因素为照顾者健康状况及每日照顾时间(P0.05,P0.01);照顾者生活质量总分(81.14±11.30)分,影响因素为照顾者护理负担、照顾者健康状况及有无协助照顾者(P0.05,P0.01)。结论脊髓损伤患者照顾者护理负担处于中度水平,生活质量较差,照顾者的健康状况及每日照顾时间可影响照顾者的护理负担及生活质量。应合理安排照顾者每日照顾时间,关注照顾者健康状况,采取措施减轻照顾者护理负担,达到提高照顾者生活质量的目的。     

延续性护理对慢性心力衰竭患者家庭照顾者照顾负荷的影响

目的探讨延续性护理减轻慢性心力衰竭患者家庭照顾者照顾负荷的效果。方法将109名慢性心力衰竭患者家庭照顾者作为研究对象,实施为期6个月的延续性护理措施,比较干预前后家庭照顾者的负担水平。结果干预后照顾者个人负担、责任负担、负担总分显著低于干预前(均P0.01)。结论延续性护理可减轻慢性心力衰竭患者家庭照顾者的负担水平。     

首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案的构建及应用

目的 构建首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案,并评价其应用效果。方法 通过文献研究、德尔菲专家函询及预试验构建首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案。将首发脑卒中患者照顾者按入院时间分为对照组41人和观察组40人;对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上实施首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案。比较两组干预前、干预后1、3个月家庭抗逆力、脑卒中照顾者综合照顾能力及照顾者负担评分。结果 干预后,观察组照顾者家庭抗逆力、综合照顾能力评分显著高于对照组,照顾者负担评分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案能显著提高照顾者家庭抗逆力和综合照顾能力,降低照顾负担。     

维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感现状及影响因素

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感现状及影响因素,为制订有效的护理干预方案提供指导.方法 便利抽样选取武汉市2所三甲医院维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者237名,采用一般资料问卷、心理一致感量表、照顾准备度量表及积极感受量表进行调查.结果 维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感得分为(56.37±11.77)分.家庭照顾者心理一致感与照顾准备度、积极感受呈正相关(均P＜0.01).多元线性回归分析显示,照顾准备度及积极感受是家庭照顾者心理一致感的主要影响因素(均P＜0.01),共可解释其38.0％的总变异量.结论 维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感处于较低水平.医护人员需针对影响因素给予指导干预,提高其心理一致感,促进心理健康.     

家庭尊严干预对乳腺癌患者照顾者的影响

目的 探讨家庭尊严干预对乳腺癌患者照顾者照顾感受、创伤后成长及照顾能力的影响.方法 将220名乳腺癌患者照顾者随机分为观察组和对照组各110人.对照组给予常规干预,观察组在此基础上实施家庭尊严干预.两组出院时及出院后3个月分别采用照顾者负担量表、创伤后成长评定量表及中文版照顾者能力量表进行调查.结果 观察组照顾负担显著低于对照组,创伤后成长及照顾能力评分显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 家庭尊严干预能有效降低乳腺癌患者照顾者的照顾负担,提升其创伤后成长水平及照顾能力.     

老年痴呆患者照顾者负担与需求的相关性分析

目的了解我国老年痴呆患者照顾者的照顾负担、需求状况及两者之间的相关性,为减轻照顾者负担,制定有效的干预措施提供依据。方法采用自编一般问卷调查表、照顾负担量表(CBI)和家庭照顾者需求问卷对54名老年痴呆患者照顾者进行调查。结果老年痴呆患者照顾者照顾负担CBI总分为41～89(59.16±13.65)分,5个指标的得分率为38.10%～81.50%;照顾需求总分为89～132(112.05±7.22)分,条目均分为(4.00±0.26)分;照顾者照顾负担与需求呈正相关(r=0.695,P0.01)。结论老年痴呆患者照顾者承受着较重的负担,满足照顾者的相关需要,有针对性地提供社会支持,可减轻照顾者的负担,提高照顾者生存质量。     

胃肠癌患者家属照顾者反应及与成人依恋关系的研究

目的了解胃肠癌患者家属照顾者反应水平及与成人依恋的相关性。方法采用修订版照顾者反应评估量表和亲密关系体验量表对192名胃肠癌患者家属照顾者进行调查。结果照顾者反应中自尊维度得分最高(4.33±0.45)分,缺乏家庭支持维度得分最低(1.86±0.55)分;照顾者依恋焦虑得分(3.51±0.85)分,依恋回避得分(2.62±0.80)分。依恋回避与自尊呈负相关,与缺乏家庭支持呈正相关;依恋焦虑与经济负荷、缺乏家庭支持呈正相关(均P0.01)。结论胃肠癌患者家属照顾者对照顾压力负荷既有积极感受也有消极反应,成人依恋可影响照顾者反应,以依恋理论为指导制定干预措施可以减轻照顾者负担。     

家庭赋权干预对永久性肠造口患者照顾者的影响

目的 探讨家庭赋权干预应用于永久性肠造口患者主要照顾者的效果。 方法 选择永久性肠造口患者及主要照顾者97对作为研究对象,按照患者住院时间分为对照组48对和观察组49对。对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施家庭赋权干预方案。比较两组照顾者干预前后照顾准备程度、照顾负担及心理一致感评分。 结果 干预后,观察组照顾者照顾准备度评分及心理一致感评分显著高于对照组,照顾负担评分显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 家庭赋权干预有利于提高永久性肠造口患者主要照顾者的准备度及心理一致感,对缓解照顾者照顾负担具有积极意义。     

医院专职陪护人员压力因素调查研究

目的了解医院专职陪护人员的压力因素构成,给陪护管理提供可行性指导。方法自行设计问卷对100 名某大型综合医院陪护中心的专职陪护人员进行随机抽样调查,并对医院专职陪护人员的构成、压力因素以及两者的关系进行探讨。结果医院专职陪护人员的压力因素依次为伦理因素、身体因素、患者病情、缺乏社会支持、经济因素、自我感受、限制社会活动、缺乏医务人员支持及知识缺乏等方面的问题。其不受教育程度、职业及陪护年限的影响(P>0.05)。不同性别的陪护人员在经济方面的压力差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);有无兼职工作、不同年龄段的陪护人员在缺乏社会支持方面的压力存在差异(均P<0.05);不同婚姻状况、不同收入的陪护人员在缺乏医务人员支持方面的压力亦显示差异(均P<0.01)。结论尊重陪护人员,给其理解和支持,完善陪护人员管理制度,不断提高其素质,能使陪护人员更好地为患者和社会服务。     

Assessment of Informal Caregiver Assistance and Strain With Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of our study is to assess which patient-related and caregiver-related factors are predictive of caregiver strain and assistance when caring for total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) patients within 2 weeks after surgery.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of caregivers of participants enrolled in 2 randomized trials. Caregivers provided demographics and completed the Caregiver Strain Index and Caregiver Assistance Scale pre-surgery and post-surgery. We performed backwards stepwise regression with mixed-effects negative binomial models to investigate predictors of caregiver strain and assistance for THA and TKA caregivers.ResultsThree hundred six caregiver/patient pairs were included. Our models of caregiver strain found Caregiver Assistance Scale scores and patient age to be predictive for all caregivers. We also found caregiver gender and smoking status to be predictive for THA caregivers and caregiver age to be predictive for TKA caregivers. Our models of assistance provided by caregivers found time (post-surgery vs pre-surgery) was predictive for all caregivers. We also found patient body mass index, and patient and caregiver gender to be predictive for THA caregivers, and patient and caregiver employment status and caregiver education level to be predictive for TKA caregivers.ConclusionOur study identifies patient-related and caregiver-related factors which are associated with caregiver strain and assistance when caring for arthroplasty patients. As this is the first study to assess assistance provided by caregivers, it is important for future research to validate our results and to further explore whether patient-reported outcomes may also be related to assistance and strain.     

Caregiver burden and psychological distress in partners of veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder

Caregiver burden and psychological distress were examined in a sample of 71 partners of Vietnam War combat veterans. Partners of patients (n = 51) diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced more caregiver burden and had poorer psychological adjustment than did partners of veterans without PTSD (n = 20). Among PTSD caregivers, patient PTSD symptom severity and level of interpersonal violence were associated with increased caregiver burden. When accounting for patient PTSD symptom severity, hostility, presence of major depression, level of interpersonal violence, and health complaints, only PTSD severity was uniquely associated with caregiver burden. Caregiver sociodemographic factors including age, race, education, and the availability of social support, did not moderate the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and caregiver burden. Caregiver burden was strongly related to spouse psychological adjustment.     

Quality of life and psychosocial functioning of spouse/partner caregivers before and after liver transplantation

Rodrigue JR, Dimitri N, Reed A, Antonellis T, BA, Hanto DW, Curry M. Quality of life and psychosocial functioning of spouse/partner caregivers before and after liver transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 239–247. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Spouse/partner caregivers of liver transplant (LTx) patients play an important role both before and after transplantation. However, very little research has examined the quality of life (QOL), caregiving strain, and psychological functioning of these caregivers. In this study, we examined these outcomes and their correlates in 86 (49 pre‐LTx, 38 post‐LTx) spouse/partner caregivers. The physical QOL of caregivers was not impaired, and numerous caregiving benefits were identified (e.g., realizing what is important in life, discovering one’s own inner strength, giving emotional support to the patient). However, a relatively high proportion of both pre‐LTx and post‐LTx caregivers had clinically low mental QOL (29% and 35%, respectively), low life satisfaction (45% and 32%, respectively), and high caregiving strain (59% and 81%, respectively). Both pre‐ and post‐LTx caregivers, particularly women, had more total mood disturbance than a normative sample. Higher caregiving strain was significantly correlated with lower mental QOL, lower life satisfaction, and more mood disturbance. Overall, findings suggest that caregiving strain is prominent through the LTx spectrum. There is a need for prospective research to identify the patterns of caregiver outcomes over time and to examine the benefits of clinical interventions for caregivers.     

化疗患儿照顾者自我效能感量表的研制及信效度检验

目的研制化疗患儿照顾者自我效能评估量表,并进行信效度检验,为评估化疗患儿照顾者的照顾信心提供有效测评工具。方法以Bandura自我效能理论为理论框架,结合文献回顾,对19名化疗患儿照顾者进行半结构访谈构建量表条目池,通过2轮专家函询法及预试验拟定初始量表。采用便利抽样法,选取395名化疗患儿照顾者为研究对象进行信效度分析。结果化疗患儿照顾者自我效能感测评量表包括21个条目。总量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.951;重测信度为0.824(P0.01)。探索性因子分析提取与治疗相关的照顾、情绪管理、管理家务与社交3个公因子,累积方差贡献率为68.170%;量表及各维度得分与一般自我效能评分呈正相关(均P0.01)。验证性因子分析拟合指数:χ~2/df=2.564,RMSEA=0.087,NFI=0.861,RFI=0.843,IFI=0.910。结论该量表具有良好的信效度,可以用于化疗患儿照顾者照顾自我效能感的评价。     

Being restricted in participation after a traumatic brain injury is negatively associated by passive coping style of the caregiver

Purpose: To examine whether the caregivers' coping style is associated with the functional outcome of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient 1 year post-injury.

Method: A cross-sectional study among patients with a TBI, including their primary caregivers. The study included 51 patients aged 17-64 years with a moderate-to-severe TBI and 51 caregivers (23 parents and 28 partners) aged 23-67 years. The coping preferences of the caregivers were assessed at minimum 6 and maximum 12 months post-injury, by filling out the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) and were related to limitations in activity, as measured with the Frenchay Activities Index and with restrictions in participation as measured with the Sickness Impact Profile-68 of TBI patients 1 year post-injury. The patients were interviewed at their homes; the caregivers received and returned the UCL by mail.

Results: The patients' age and the caregivers' coping style are independently associated with restrictions in participation 1 year post-injury.

Conclusions: A passive coping style of the primary caregiver is negatively associated with the patient's functional outcome in terms of participation in society.     

Assessment of family needs following acquired brain injury in Saskatchewan

Primary objective: The objective was to learn what the family members of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) perceived as important needs and to what extent these needs are being met.

Methods and procedures: Sixty-six individuals who care for someone with an ABI and who receive service from the Saskatchewan South ABI Outreach Team completed the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ).

Main outcomes: An analysis of the importance ratings found that the most important needs were related to health information. Most needs perceived as unmet were related to emotional support.

Conclusions: Caregivers indicated that having honest, accurate comprehensive information regarding the ABI survivor is important. Respondents also indicated that approximately one-half of the needs have gone unmet or only partly met. This study highlights the importance for service providers to assess family needs in order to minimize distress in caregivers, maintenance of the well being of whom is integral in the support of the person with ABI.     

高级别胶质瘤术后的延续护理对出院患者及家庭护理者的影响

［摘要］ 目的 调查和分析高级别胶质瘤（HGG）术后的延续性护理对患者与相关护理者的作用。方法 选择2012年4月~2018年2月间,41例符合条件的Ⅲ～Ⅳ级术后HGG患者和家庭护理人员,采取2月的延续性护理。延续性护理效果评估,采用改良FACT O量表评估患者生活质量。结果 41名患者和45名家庭护理者完成调查结论。对于护理的一般意见、提供的临床护理知识、不良反应及副作用处理方面,很有帮助的分别为：82.9%、87.8%、58.4%、61.0%（患者）;84.4%、86.7%、73.4%、53.3%（家庭护理者）。延续的护理对患者生活质量评估,表现在患者的情绪改善,在干预前、后的得分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。患者的生理状态、社会/家庭健康和功能健康的得分在干预前后的变化没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。患者对延续性护理的满意度调查,从1分“很差”到10分“非常优秀”的系列排次,评8分人数最多。对家庭护理者心理调查结果主要反映在焦虑/抑郁,其它因素为经济负担增加和精神生活的限制。结论 对HGG患者术后的延续性护理有助提高患者的生活质量。     

Caregivers' knowledge with burned children and related factors towards burn first aid: A systematic review

This systematic review aimed to examine the caregivers' knowledge with burned children and related factors towards burn first aid. A comprehensive, systematic search was performed in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Knowledge”, “First aid”, “Caregiver”, “Burn”, and “Child” from the earliest to the December 1, 2022. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated by using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 11 763 caregivers of children with burns were enrolled in 14 studies. Of the participants, 78.81% were female and 41.15% had a university education. The mean score of caregivers' knowledge with burned children towards burn first aid was 51.44 out of 100. The knowledge of caregivers of burned children towards burn first aid had a significant positive relationship with the level of education, first aid training, age of caregivers, history of burn, number of children, monthly income, social status, and attitude. In addition, caregivers' knowledge had a significant negative relationship with the number of children. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between caregivers' knowledge and level of education, monthly income, smoking, and previous knowledge of first aid. The level of caregivers' knowledge with burned children towards burn first aid was moderate. Therefore, health managers and policymakers can improve the knowledge of caregivers of burned children towards burn first aid by creating suitable platforms for face-to-face training as well as online training using websites.