血管闭合器用于PCI术后止血效果观察

将 15 0例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)的冠心病病人随机分为两组 ,对照组 75例术后采用外力压迫止血 ,观察组 75例采用Angio seal血管闭合器止血。结果观察组股动脉穿刺点血管并发症发生率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;下肢制动时间及止血时间显著少于对照组 (均P <0 .0 1)。提示血管闭合器比外力压迫止血更安全、有效。     

血管闭合器、血管压迫器和弹力绷带加压法3种止血方式用于周围血管介入术的对照研究

目的系统评价经股动脉穿刺后血管闭合器、血管压迫器、弹力绷带加压法3种止血方式的安全性及效果。方法选取2019年2月至2021年1月首都医科大学附属北京康复医院收治的121例行周围血管介入术的非下肢动脉病变患者,按照住院顺序号将患者分为血管闭合器组(n=42,应用血管闭合器进行股动脉穿刺部位止血)、血管压迫器组(n=40,应用股动脉电子压迫止血器进行股动脉穿刺部位止血)与弹力绷带压迫组(n=39,应用弹力绷带压迫进行股动脉穿刺部位止血)。比较3组患者术前、术后1 d及术后3个月手术穿刺部位及周围3 cm内股动脉最小内径及收缩期峰值血流速度,并观察其术后1 d轻度和严重并发症的发生情况。结果术后1 d,血管闭合器组患者的穿刺部位及周围3 cm内股动脉最小内径小于血管压迫器组和弹力绷带压迫组患者,且血管压迫器组患者的穿刺部位及周围3 cm内股动脉最小内径小于弹力绷带压迫组患者(P<0.05)。术后1 d,血管闭合器组、血管压迫器组患者穿刺处范围内最小内径处的收缩期峰值血流速度均低于弹力绷带压迫组患者(P<0.05)。术后3个月,血管闭合器组患者的穿刺部位及周围3 cm内股动脉最小内径小于弹力绷带压迫组患者;血管闭合器组患者穿刺处范围内最小内径处的收缩期峰值血流速度低于血管压迫器组、弹力绷带压迫组患者,且血管压迫器组患者穿刺处范围内最小内径处的收缩期峰值血流速度低于弹力绷带压迫组患者(P<0.05)。术后1 d,3组患者的轻度及严重并发症总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经股动脉穿刺后3种止血方式均影响穿刺部位附近的血管内径及收缩期峰值血流速度。血管闭合器对患者术后3个月预后情况的影响最大,其次是血管压迫器,弹力绷带加压法对患者术后3个月预后的影响最小。     

不同止血方式在腹主动脉瘤介入治疗中的临床效果比较

目的比较不同止血方式在腹主动脉瘤介入治疗中的安全性、有效性及临床应用价值。方法前瞻性收集新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2014年6月至2014年11月因腹主动脉瘤入院患者临床资料,共45例,穿刺肢体64条,其中Pro Glide联合Angioseal缝合股动脉穿刺孔19条;Pro Glide交叉缝合股动脉穿刺孔20条;股动脉开放缝合25条。比较术中止血时间、出血量、制动时间、以及术后舒适度和早期并发症发生情况。结果 Proglide联合Angioseal组止血时间低于Proglide交叉缝合组和常规切开组(P0.05);出血量、下肢制动时间和术后舒适度方面两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但均优于切开组(P0.05)。各组均无大血管并发症发生,在皮下淤血或血肿等小血管并发症方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血管闭合器能有效缩短止血时间、出血量、制动时间及减轻术后疼痛;Proglide联合Angioseal闭合大孔径穿刺口与Proglide交叉缝合相比可能更有优势。     

先天性膈疝患儿胸腔镜术后30天死亡的危险因素和列线图模型

目的 探索先天性膈疝(CDH)患儿胸腔镜术后30 d死亡的危险因素,并构建列线图风险预测模型。方法 选择2020年6月至2023年6月接受胸腔镜膈疝修补术的CDH患儿90例,男62例,女28例,手术时日龄<28 d。根据术后30 d是否存活分为两组：生存组与死亡组。采用差异性分析、单因素Logistic回归进行预测因子筛选,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CDH胸腔镜术后30d死亡的危险因素,构建术后30 d死亡风险列线图预测模型,采用ROC曲线、Bootstrap法、决策曲线分析该模型的预测效能、校准度以及决策能力。结果 有28例(31%)CDH患儿在胸腔镜下膈疝修补术后30 d死亡。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：产前诊断时间≤25周、低体重儿、术前高频振荡通气(HFOV)、术前氧合指数(OI)增加、开腹手术、肝脏疝入胸腔是CDH患儿术后30 d死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于上述独立危险因素构建CDH患儿术后30 d死亡风险的列线图预测模型,结果显示,该模型AUC为0.959(95%CI 0.9107～1.0000),当截断值为0.361时,敏感性为92...     

ICU患者肠内营养相关性腹泻列线图预测模型构建

目的 建立ICU患者肠内营养相关性腹泻风险预测模型，为预防性护理干预提供依据。方法 回顾分析335例ICU行肠内营养治疗的患者资料，采用单因素和多因素logistic分析肠内营养相关性腹泻的独立危险因素，构建风险预测模型，用列线图展示预测模型。采用Bootstrap法进行内部验证，受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价模型区分度，采用校准曲线评价模型准确度，采用临床决策曲线(DCA)评价模型的有效性。结果 163例(48.66%)ICU患者发生肠内营养相关性腹泻。肠内营养相关性腹泻风险预测模型纳入APACHE-Ⅱ评分、口服钾制剂时间、使用胃肠动力药、禁食时间和白蛋白水平5个预测因子。预测模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.940,灵敏度为81.82%,特异度为91.18%,准确度为86.57%,最大Youden指数0.73所对应的预测临界值为122分。校准曲线为斜率接近于1的直线，准确度良好。临床决策曲线显示模型的净获益值较高。结论 该模型可以有效预测ICU患者肠内营养相关性腹泻的发生，且评价指标在开始行肠内营养时即可获得，可为ICU医护人员及时采取预防性护理干预提供借鉴。     

血管闭合器的应用现状和进展

外周血管径路是微创心血管外科及心血管介入诊疗的重要途径，手术后入路血管的处理方式直接关系到患者的术后制动时间及舒适度。传统的处理方法主要包括穿刺点压迫固定或切开皮肤缝合血管，术后长时间制动、血管潜在并发症及患者舒适性差等缺点显而易见。血管闭合器的应用可以减少传统处理方法的缺点，但是不同血管闭合器有其自身特点和应用范围，甚至应用不当可能会导致严重并发症的发生。本文综述了当前常用的几款血管闭合器资料以及近年来相关的临床研究数据，对常用血管闭合器的特点、使用方法及临床应用效果作一介绍。     

应用Starclose血管缝合器缝合股动脉穿刺点160例疗效观察

目的观察经股动脉行冠状动脉造影（CAG）和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后应用Starclose血管缝合器患者各种相关并发症的发生情况。方法选择经股动脉行CAG和PCI并应用Starclose血管缝合器缝合股动脉穿刺点的患者160例（缝合组）,同期入院行CAG和PCI但采用手工压迫止血方法的患者310例（对照组）,比较两组止血成功率,迷走神经反射、皮下血肿、假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘、下肢血栓形成和栓塞等并发症的发生情况。计算由于应用Starclose血管缝合器以及出现穿刺处局部并发症而造成的额外费用;统计患者术后制动的时间。结果缝合组止血成功率为98．8％（158／160）,对照组为100．0％（310／310）,两组比较差异无统计学意义。缝合组并发症的发生率为0．6％（1／160）,对照组为12．6％（39／310）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。缝合组平均费用比对照组增加3498．7元／例。缝合组术后平均制动时间为4h,对照组为28h。结论应用Starclose血管缝合器可显著减少并发症的发生,患者制动时间明显缩短,对减少患者痛苦及缩短住院时间有一定的意义。     

经皮股动脉穿刺点采用血管封堵器止血患者的护理

目的 探讨血管封堵器对血管性介入术后股动脉穿刺点止血的护理方法.方法 55例患者行血管介入诊断治疗术后,股动脉穿刺点采用Angioseal封堵器止血,分析止血效果,观察有无植入部位出血和血肿、动脉血栓形成或栓塞及股动脉损伤等血管性并发症.结果 血管封堵器止血成功率为98.2%,止血时间为(3.60±0.55)min,下床活动时间为(4.20±0.45)h;未发生严重并发症;股动脉穿刺点彩色多普勒超声随访未发现血管病变.结论 血管封堵器对股动脉穿刺点能快速、有效地止血,患者能提前下床活动,及时、科学的护理可减少不良反应.     

老年患者冠状动脉造影术后不同股动脉止血方法的效果比较

目的：评价冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状介入治疗术后老年患者股动脉穿刺部位不同止血方法的效果及安全性.方法：268例行冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的老年患者,平均年龄63.8岁,根据不同股动脉止血方法分为3组.A组82例采用徒手压迫法止血 B组87例采用M-GU动脉压迫器止血 C组99例采用Angio血管闭合器止血.比较3组患者术后制动时间、止血效果及术后并发症发生率.结果：A组止血成功率为98.8%（81/82例）,B组为97.7%（85/87例）,C组为96.0%（95/99例）,3组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.止血和制动时间比较,C组[（4.3±1.1）min和（4.9±0.9）h]少于B组[（6.2±1.2）min和（12.2±1.5）h],B组少于A组[（23.2±3.6）min和（25.7±2.3）h].并发症的发生情况：3组间局部渗血和假性动脉瘤的发生率差异无显著性 尿潴留和腰痛并发症的发生率差异存在显著性,C组（2.0%和7.1%）低于A组（14.6%和42.7%）和B组（6.9%和20.7%）.结论：3种止血方法的止血效果无差异,但是应用血管闭合器止血可以有效缩短老年患者止血时间及下肢制动时间,减少并发症发生,患者易于接受.     

基于SEER数据库建立小肝癌患者远处转移预测模型

目的 建立可有效预测小肝癌患者远处转移风险的列线图。方法 从SEER（Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results）数据库提取2010年1月至2016年12月诊断的5 595例小肝癌患者的临床病理资料,采用随机数字法按7:3分为训练组（n=3 915）和验证组（n=1 680）。对训练组采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响远处转移的独立危险因素并构建小肝癌患者远处转移预测模型。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线及校正曲线评估模型的预测准确性,采用决策曲线评价列线图的临床效用。结果 训练组多因素Logistic分析显示婚姻状况（HR 1.541,95%CI 1.182~2.010,P=0.001）、癌结节数目（HR 2.005,95%CI 1.483~2.710,P<0.001）、T分期（HR 2.076,95%CI 1.176~3.664,P=0.012）、N分期（HR 7.753,95%CI 5.349~11.238,P<0.001）、病理分化程度（HR 1.706,95%CI 1.098~2.652,P=0.018）、甲胎蛋白（HR 1.830,95%CI 1.313~2.550,P<0.001）是小肝癌远处转移的独立危险因素。训练组、验证组中ROC曲线下面积（AUC值）分别为0.805（95%CI 0.778~0.832）和0.829（95%CI 0.791~0.868）,校准曲线表明预测值与实际值有良好的一致性,决策曲线显示模型有良好的临床效用。结论 基于SEER数据库建立小肝癌患者远处转移的预测模型具有良好的预测准度,有助于外科医师评估患者远处转移风险,从而为患者提供个体化的诊疗。     

Complications associated with the arterial puncture closure device--Angio-Seal

BACKGROUND: Arterial puncture closure devices (APCD) are frequently used after cardiac catheterization. Here, the diagnosis and therapy of femoral artery complications after the use of the Angio-Seal APCD is reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Angio-Seal APCD was deployed in 1600 patients undergoing transfemoral catheterization. RESULTS: In 7 of 1600 cases (0.4%) vascular complications occurred following Angio-Seal deployment. Diagnosis was made by duplex sonography. Intraoperative findings consisted of a complete occlusion with dissection of the femoral artery in all patients. In 6 cases, the femoral bifurcation had to be reconstructed after endarterectomy. Follow-up is complete with a mean of 6 months. CONCLUSION: The Angio-Seal device should not be used for closure of the superficial femoral artery and in patients with severe arteriosclerosis. The application of arteriography as well as the use of ultrasound-guided puncture is advisable. In all cases, surgical intervention was successful and an adequate therapy for management of complications.     

Management of acute lower limb ischemia associated with the Angio-Seal arterial puncture closing device

Arterial percutaneous closure devices (APCD) could lead to severe vascular complications, like acute lower limb ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively our personal series of acute lower limb ischemia following the use of APCD. From January 2004 to June 2009 the Angio-Seal percutaneous closure devices was deployed in 198 patients. Eight (4%) acute lower limb ischemia required urgent surgical repair. The device was removed in all cases. A thromboembolectomy was performed in five patients (62.5%) and in three (37.5%) an endarterectomy with patch closure was carried out (two saphenous vein and one Dacron). Limb salvage rate was 87.5%. We compared Angio-Seal complications group (A) with the 190 patients in which the Angio-Seal was successfully used without complications (group B) by means of Student's t-test. At 36-month follow-up with color-coded duplex ultrasounds, no chronic limb ischemia or other complications requiring surgical repair occurred. Diabetes, obesity, severe femoral atherosclerotic involvement, use of sheath size >7 Fr and time-consuming procedures were significant risk factors for ischemic APCD complications. Despite vascular injuries being uncommon after APCD deployment, generally a complex surgical repair is necessary. A more careful patient selection would be advisable.     

Lower limb ischemic complications after the use of arterial puncture closure devices.

We report three cases of lower limb ischemia occurring after the use of arterial puncture closure devices (APCDs). In two patients, who have undergone percutaneous angioplasty of lower limb arteries, the Angio-Seal APCD led to thrombosis of the common femoral artery. In another patient who has undergone coronary angiography, this device has led to dissection of the common femoral artery. Since these observations seem to not be merely sporadic, radiologists and cardiologists as well as vascular surgeons should be aware of their possible occurrence in order to avoid these complications and to provide promptly an adequate treatment.     

老年股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术后输血预测模型的建立

目的分析老年股骨颈骨折患者半髋关节置换术后输血的危险因素,建立老年股骨颈骨折患者半髋关节置换术后输血的列线图预测模型。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年6月江苏省苏北人民医院股骨颈骨折行半髋关节置换术的235例患者。纳入标准：年龄≥60岁,新发、单侧股骨颈骨折;手术方式为半髋关节置换术。排除标准：合并全身其他骨折;术前输血;合并凝血功能障碍或者其他血液系统疾病;身体状况较差无法耐受手术者;病历资料不完整者。根据术后是否输血,分为输血组和未输血组。收集其临床资料,包括性别、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中、吸烟、饮酒、术前血红蛋白(Hb)、术前血小板(PLT)、术前白蛋白、术前凝血功能、术前抗凝药使用、骨折Garden分型、受伤至手术时间、假体类型、术后是否引流、术后血钙浓度、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级、麻醉方式、手术时间、术中出血量等。应用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型筛选术后输血的独立危险因素;通过R软件构建列线图预测模型,并绘制出受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及校准曲线来评价模型的区分度和准确度。 结果本研究共纳入235例研究对象,输血组60例,输血率为25.5%。两组患者在术前Hb(χ²＝62.831)、麻醉方式(χ²＝6.539)、手术时间(χ²＝79.392)、术中出血量(χ²＝74.515)、假体类型(χ²＝5.631)方面的组间差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示：术前Hb水平(Hb<100 g/L)、手术时间延长(时间≥60 min)、术中出血量增多(出血量≥200 ml)是老年股骨颈骨折患者半髋关节置换术后输血的独立危险因素(均为P<0.05)。列线图预测模型曲线下面积AUC为0.95,校准曲线的斜率接近1,提示该预测模型具有良好的区分度和准确度。 结论基于术前血红蛋白、手术时间、术中出血量这3项独立危险因素构建的老年股骨颈骨折患者半髋关节置换术后输血预测的列线图模型具有良好的区分度和准确度,望为临床上早期甄别术后高风险输血患者提供指导意义。     

腺性膀胱炎复发风险预测模型的建立和验证

目的 探讨并分析腺性膀胱炎（CG）初治后复发的主要临床危险因素,并构建定量预测模型指导临床早期识别高危患者。方法 回顾性总结2015年8月至2020年7月在本院经病理确诊的138例CG患者的临床资料,采用随机数字表法分为模型组（92例）和验证组（46例）,以病理和临床症状联合诊断为复发共62例,其中模型组43例（46.7%）和验证组19例（41.3%）。首先采用单因素分析比较模型组中复发与未复发患者的临床资料,然后采用多因素Cox比例风险模型筛选主要危险因素,根据权重赋值建立定量预测模型,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析预测模型在模型组和验证组中的诊断效能,最后根据预测模型将模型组和验证组进行风险分层（低、中和高）,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线比较复发风险。结果 模型组的单因素分析结果显示,与未复发患者比较,复发患者的年龄更大,留置尿管时间延长,尿路感染、尿路结石、鳞状上皮化生和非典型增生的发生率升高（均P<0.05）。Cox分析结果显示,年龄、留置尿管时间、尿路感染、尿路结石、鳞状上皮化生和非典型增生是CG复发的主要危险因素（均P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,预测模型在模型组和验证组中诊断复发的准确性分别为0.876和0.845（P<0.001）。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示,模型组和验证组的高风险患者的复发风险高于中风险患者,中风险患者的复发风险高于低风险患者（均P<0.05）。结论 CG有较高的病理和临床症状复发率,年龄、留置尿管时间、尿路感染、尿路结石、鳞状上皮化生和非典型增生可能是CG复发的主要危险因素,通过构建定量预测模型对诊断CG复发和风险分层有较高的准确性和应用价值。     

Histologic and duplex comparison of the perclose and angio-seal percutaneous closure devices

The intravascular and extravascular effects of percutaneous closure devices have not been well studied. We assessed the performance and healing characteristics in dogs of two devices approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Nine adult male dogs were anesthesized prior to percutaneous access of both femoral arteries with a 6F sheath. All dogs were systemically heparinized to an activated clotting time (ACT) > 250 seconds. Duplex sonography was performed preoperatively to measure vessel diameter and flow velocity. In each dog, one of two devices (Perclose, Abbot Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL or Angio-Seal, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN) was randomly deployed into one of the two femoral arteries. The other device was deployed on the opposite side. Duplex sonography was repeated immediately after deployment and 28 days later to measure changes in vessel diameter and flow velocity. At 28 days, angiography was performed on both femoral arteries before they were removed for histologic evaluation. The time required to excise each vessel reflected the degree of scarring. Hemostasis time for the Angio-Seal device far surpassed the Perclose device (39 +/- 7 vs 0 minutes; p < .05). Vessel narrowing was observed only at 28 days after deployment of the Angio-Seal device (p < .05). Extensive extravascular scarring was observed with the Angio-Seal device, which resulted in a longer femoral artery dissection time and greater periadventitial scar thickness compared with the Perclose device (p < .05). When compared with the Perclose suture closure device, the Angio-Seal collagen plug closure device prolonged hemostasis time and produced greater vessel narrowing and periadventitial inflammation (extravascular scarring) in a canine model at 4 weeks.     

血管闭合器在老年经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者中应用的安全性和有效性评价

目的评价Angio—Seal及Perclose止血器在老年冠脉介入治疗患者应用的效果及安全性。方法选取984例老年择期冠脉介入患者，分为3组，A组使用Angio—Seal血管闭合器（390例），B组使用Perclose血管闭合器（312例），C组采用徒手压迫法止血（282例），观察三组患者止血时间、卧床制动时间以及并发症的情况。结果A组，B组及C组的止血成功率为98．97％，97．76％，100．00％，差异无统计学显著性意义（P〉0．1）；止血时间分别为（1．2±0．4）min，（2．0±1．2）min和（21．5±5．6）min，卧床制动时间分别为（5．4±1．5）h，（6．5±2．3）h和（20．3±4．2）h，A组和B组明显短于C组（P〈0．05）；血管并发症发生率各组分别为3．60％、5．45％和10．28％，A组和B组亦明显少于C组（P〈0．05）。结论对于70岁以上的老年冠脉介入患者，术后应用Angio-Seal和Perclose血管闭合装置同样安全有效，优于徒手压迫止血法。     

The efficacy and safety of closure of brachial access using the AngioSeal closure device: experience with 161 interventions in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia

PURPOSE: This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of the 6F Angio-Seal (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minn) as a closure device for transbrachial artery access for endovascular procedures in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. METHODS: From January 2005 and September 2007, 1887 diabetic patients underwent interventional procedures in the lower limbs at a two diabetic foot centers. Patients presented with rest pain (16%), ulcers (80%), or gangrene (4%). Systemic anticoagulation with sodium heparin (70 IU/kg) was obtained for all patients at the beginning of the endovascular treatment. A total of 249 brachial arteries (238 patients) were evaluated for possible Angio-Seal use after endovascular recanalization of the leg. Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of the artery was obtained before revascularization only in patients with previous Angio-Seal placement in the brachial artery. No further imaging studies were done in the remaining brachial arteries where the Angio-Seal was deployed at the operator's discretion. Impairment or disappearance of the radial pulse or onsets of hand ischemia or hand pain, or impairment of hand function during or at the end of the endovascular revascularization were all regarded as contraindications to Angio-Seal usage. Evidence of a highly calcified plaque of the brachial artery access site at the time of vessel puncture was regarded as an absolute contraindication to the Angio-Seal use. Patients were seen before discharge, at 1, 3, and 8 weeks after the procedure, and at 3-month intervals thereafter. Complications included hemorrhage, pseudoaneurysm, infection, and vessel occlusion. RESULTS: A total of 1947 Angio-Seal collagen plugs were deployed in 1709 diabetic patients (90.5%). The Angio-Seal was used for brachial artery closure in 159 patients (8.4%) in 161 procedures (159 in the left, 2 in the right brachial artery). In 79 patients (4.2%) in 88 procedures (87 in the left and 1 in the right brachial artery), the device was deemed contraindicated due to small vessel size in 73 patients (92.4%) or presence of calcium at the access site in five patients (6.3%). One patient (1.3%) refused the collagen plug closure after revascularization. The non-Angio-Seal group was evaluated for comparison. The success rate for achieving hemostasis in the Angio-Seal group was 96.9%. Five major complications (3.1%) at 30 days consisted of two puncture site hematomas >4 cm, two brachial artery occlusions, and one brachial artery pseudoaneurysm, with three patients requiring open surgery. Minor complications (7.50%) were three puncture site hematomas < 4 cm, three oozing of blood from the access site, and six patients had mild pain in the cubital fossa. No further complications were recorded in the 14-month follow-up (range 1-25 months) of a total of 140 patients. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study shows that the 6F Angio-Seal is a valuable and safe vascular closure device for transbrachial access in diabetic patients undergoing interventional procedures for critical limb ischemia.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者吸入装置使用不依从风险预测模型的建立与验证

目的 建立和验证慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者吸入装置使用不依从风险预测列线图模型，为筛选高危人群、减少吸入装置使用不依从提供参考。方法 采用方便取样法，收集215例COPD稳定期患者人口学、疾病和治疗相关资料，并评估其吸入装置使用依从性。应用Lasso回归模型筛选预测因子,构建风险预测模型，采用R软件生成风险预测列线图。分别采用C-index、校正曲线和决策曲线分析模型的预测能力、预测值与实际观测值之间的一致性以及临床应用价值，通过ROC曲线下面积对模型进行内部验证。结果 215例患者中，117例（54.4%）吸入装置使用不依从。性别、文化程度、病程、急性加重次数、住院史和mMRC分级6个因子构成风险预测模型。模型C-index为0.842，校正曲线表现出良好的一致性。决策曲线表明阈值概率超过21%时模型的净获益更高。内部验证得到ROC曲线下面积为0.824。结论 COPD稳定期患者吸入装置使用不依从发生率较高；性别、文化程度、病程、急性加重次数、住院史和mMRC分级构成的列线图模型可较好地预测COPD稳定期患者吸入装置使用的不依从风险，为临床筛查高危患者提供评估工具。     

¿Podría ser útil la puntuación Apgar quirúrgica para predecir las complicaciones postoperatorias tras la cirugía de fractura femoral proximal? Un estudio retrospectivo de cohorte

BackgroundThe surgical Apgar score (SAS) is a perioperative risk evaluation score, which considers intraoperative minimum heart rate, minimum mean arterial pressure and estimated blood loss. Although validated in multiple surgical fields, SAS remains quite controversial in the orthopedic one. The main purpose of this study was to investigate if SAS relates with the occurrence of complications during the first 30-days after proximal femoral fracture surgery.MethodsRetrospective study including all consecutive patients submitted to proximal femoral fracture surgery between January and July 2019. Patients with no information about SAS were excluded. Patients were divided in two groups, based on the occurrence of complications during the first 30 post-operative days and their SAS calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess SAS power as a predictive model of complications.ResultsForty-two percent (n = 76) of the 181 patients included in the study developed complications during the first 30 postoperative days. Eight patients (4,4%) died during that period. The patient's mean age was 79 years and 30,9% (n = 56) were men. Heart failure, pacemaker use, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dementia were significantly associated with post-operative morbidity. There was no significant correlation between SAS and the occurrence of complications during the first 30 postoperative days. The AUC of SAS as a predictive model for postoperative complications after proximal femoral fracture surgery was 0,522, being insufficient to be considered an accepted model of prediction.ConclusionBased on this study, we conclude that SAS is not predictive of the development of complications in the first 30 post-operative days in patients submitted to proximal femoral fracture surgery. However, other clinical factors have been identified as associated with postoperative morbidity. In the future, prospective-based studies with higher samples may better clarify the role of SAS in this context.