哺乳体位护理研究进展

介绍常见的哺乳体位（卧位、坐位及趴位）的姿势要点,和特殊情况,如双胎、舌系带过短婴儿、母亲乳头凹陷及唇腭裂婴儿哺乳体位的选择,以了解哺乳体位的护理实施状况和研究进展,为临床解决因为哺乳姿势不当及婴儿含接乳头姿势不正确所引起的母亲乳头疼痛及母乳喂养失败提供参考。     

癌症患者养育忧虑的研究进展

癌症患者因子女养育均有一定程度的养育忧虑。从癌症患者养育忧虑评估工具、水平、影响因素及干预措施等方面进行综述,旨在为采取相应措施降低癌症患者养育忧虑水平提供参考。     

三阴性乳腺癌的生物标记物研究进展

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)是指雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)均为阴性的乳腺癌,以发病年龄轻、易早期发生转移为特点。TNBC对ER、PR为靶点的内分泌治疗和以HER-2为靶点的靶向药物治疗无效,已成为乳腺癌治疗的难点与研究的热点。为改进TNBC的临床诊断与治疗手段,学者们做了大量的研究来寻找更多新的生物标记物。笔者对近年来国内外关于TNBC的生物标记物研究进展进行综述。     

婴儿意外窒息预防与急救父母培训研究进展

对婴儿意外窒息预防与急救父母培训项目开展、培训形式、效果评价等进行综述,并立足于国内现状提出针对性建议,旨为我国构建婴儿意外窒息预防与急救父母培训体系提供参考。     

可吸收及部分可吸收材料的研究进展

可吸收 (或称可生物降解 )高分子材料的研究始于本世纪 6 0年代。196 5年人们开始尝试用可吸收材料代替传统的金属材料作为骨折内固定装置 ,但由于强度不够不能满足临床要求。直到 80年代 ,随着高分子聚合技术和塑料加工技术的发展尤其是纤维增强技术的引进 ,才使其应用于临床成为可能〔1〕。 90年代后可吸收材料已在国内外得到广泛应用〔2～ 5〕。由于部分可吸收材料〔6〕(如碳纤维增强可吸收聚合物复合材料 )是生物相容的 ,因此 ,同完全可吸收材料一样 ,骨折愈合后也不必二次手术取出 ,而且在机械性能及降解速率方面似乎更具有优势 ,尤其…     

生物共振技术联合外用药物治疗婴儿湿疹疗效观察

目的探讨生物共振治疗联合外用药物疗法对治疗婴儿湿疹的疗效。方法采用德国百康生物共振治疗系统对笔者所在科室门诊60例婴儿湿疹患儿进行生物共振治疗,同时于皮损局部外搽药物艾洛松软膏混合金霉素眼膏外用（治疗组）,另60例婴儿湿疹患儿仅艾洛松软膏混合金霉素眼膏外用（对照组）。结果该联合疗法治疗婴儿湿疹的总有效率为96.67%,痊愈率55%,明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组止痒时间（1.4±1.01）d,皮疹消退时间（1.8±1.01）d,对照组分别为（3.7±1.3）d（,4.3±1.2）d,治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论生物共振治疗联合外用药物疗法治疗婴儿湿疹起效快,疗效高;无任何副作用。     

骨关节炎生物标记物COMP的研究进展

血清寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)是骨性关节炎的一个潜在的生物标记物,迄今为止COMP是最先研究的且一直被认为能较好反映骨性关节炎发生、进展及预后情况的生物学指标。本文简要阐述其多重用途,并总结先前的研究报道以促进对COMP的进一步研究。     

生物碱对急性胰腺炎的治疗作用及机制研究进展

急性胰腺炎(AP)是一种临床上常见的消化系统疾病,目前已有大量研究表明多类生物碱可以对AP,尤其是对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗发挥作用。生物碱在植物界中分布较广,多数存在于双子叶植物中。笔者就目前已知的几类生物碱对AP的治疗作用及其机制研究进展作一综述。     

社会生态系统理论视域下母乳喂养影响因素的研究进展

基于社会生态系统理论的视角,将母乳喂养问题置于相应的社会情境中,分别从宏系统、中系统及微系统3个层面对母乳喂养的影响因素进行系统梳理和总结,为深化、拓展母乳喂养研究提供参考,促进母乳喂养的推广。     

蛋白组学在骨关节炎中的研究进展

骨关节炎(OA)是运动系统中一种常见疾病,在世界范围内都有着较高的致残率。OA病程较长,在其演变过程中发生了一系列的病理生理改变,包括关节软骨的退化、新骨的形成以及滑膜增生等,疼痛是患者最常见的症状,随着疾病的发展,病变关节的功能逐渐减退,最终导致患者残疾。早期OA引起的损伤是可逆的,但缺乏早期诊断方法以及有效的治疗手段,患者往往都要经历疾病的终末阶段,关节置换是晚期OA患者治疗的唯一有效手段。因此探寻早期OA的诊断手段进而进行早期有效的针对性干预对于改善患者的预后有着重要的临床意义。近年来,蛋白组学在OA中的研究取得了一定的进展,尤其在OA生物学标志物方面;但是,如何将这些研究成果应用于临床有待于进一步研究,本文就蛋白组学在OA中的研究进展作一简要综述。     

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty: A review of periprosthetic biological reactions

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty has undergone a recent resurgence as an alternative treatment option for young and active patients with significant osteoarthritis. The claimed advantages of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty include lower wear rate, preservation of bone stock for subsequent revision procedures, restoration of anatomic hip mechanics, and enhanced stability due to the larger diameter of articulation. A disadvantage, however, is that the metal-on-metal resurfacing releases large amounts of very small wear particles and metal ions. The long-term biological consequences of the exposure to these Co-Cr particles and ions remain largely unknown. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature on the adverse periprosthetic biological reactions associated with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty.     

A review of biological factors implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is the 13th commonest cause of death in the Western World. Although considerable research has been applied to the aetiology and mechanism of aneurysm expansion, little is known about the mechanism of rupture. Aneurysm rupture was historically considered to be a simple physical process that occurred when the aortic wall could no longer contain the haemodynamic stress of the circulation. However, AAAs do not conform to the law of Laplace and there is growing evidence that aneurysm rupture involves a complex series of biological changes in the aortic wall. This paper reviews the available data on patient variables associated with aneurysm rupture and presents the evidence implicating biological factors in AAA rupture.     

Current status of total hip replacement. A review of biological and biomechanical factors

Successful cemented total hip replacement represents one of the major advancements in orthopaedic surgery in recent years. However, clinical follow-up has revealed a disturbing incidence of loosening, particularly in the younger patient. Aspects of component design, materials and technique refinement considered important in improving long-term results are reviewed.     

Chemotherapeutic and targeted biological agents for metastatic bladder cancer: A comprehensive review

The American Cancer Society estimates that 73 510 new cases of bladder cancer will be diagnosed and 15 000 deaths will result this year. The paper summarizes the clinical evidence for the use of platinum‐based, non‐platinum‐based and new targeted biological agents, while reporting the future directions in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer. For cisplatin‐base regimens, the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M‐VAC) has been the mainstream treatment for both advanced and metastatic bladder cancers. It showed significant improvement in the complete response rate and overall survival time in comparison with single‐agent cisplatin. For cisplatin‐ineligible patients, namely patients with renal impairment, symptomatic cardiac disease and poor performance status, alternative therapies consisting of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and carboplatin were shown to be of benefit. Pemetrexed and vinflunine have also shown effectiveness, with small but demonstrable overall survival benefits. Gemcitabine‐based doublet therapies (combined with paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan, oxaliplatin or epirubicin) have all been shown to be effective and well‐tolerated. Several new targeted therapies, such as gefetinib, sorafenib and lapatinib, have received attention in recent years; however, their effectiveness as single agents in a relapse setting have not been optimal and more studies are warranted.     

维生素K2调节骨代谢的生物学研究回顾

维生素K(vitamin K,VK)是一类2-甲基-1,4-萘醌衍生物,维生素K2是一种人体必需的天然营养素,主要分布在肾、骨、生殖器及血管壁等组织,维生素K2除参与体内凝血功能外,还与人体的许多生理功能有关,在骨代谢的多个环节中具有重要作用,其调节骨代谢的机制错综复杂。本文回顾性综述了维生素K2对骨代谢调节的生理作用、动物实验及临床试验研究,以及维生素K2在防治骨质疏松中的重要作用。     

A review of the physical, biological and clinical properties of a bacterial cellulose wound dressing

Almost paper thin, this new dressing is sufficiently permeable to cope with moderately exuding wounds, such as burns and donor sites. This review assesses the existing laboratory and clinical data on this novel dressing type.     

Potential adverse ultrasound-related biological effects: a critical review

Ultrasound energy exerts important cellular, genetic, thermal, and mechanical effects. Concern about the safety of ultrasound prompted several agencies to devise regulatory limits on the machine output intensities. The visual display of thermal and mechanical indices during ultrasound imaging provides an aid to limit the output of the machine. Despite many animal studies, no human investigations conducted to date have documented major physiologic consequences of ultrasound exposed during imaging. To date, ultrasound imaging appears to be safe for use in regional anesthesia and pain medicine interventions, and adherence to limiting the output of ultrasound machines as outlined by the Food and Drug Administration may avoid complications in the future. This article reviews ultrasound-related biologic effects, the role of the regulatory agencies in ensuring safety with the use of ultrasound, and the limitations and implications of ultrasound use in humans.     

Articular cartilage repair & joint preservation: A review of the current status of biological approach

The articular cartilage of the joint is the thin viscoelastic layer of the connective tissue. It has a unique anatomy and physiology, which makes the repair of the articular cartilage damage more difficult and challenging due to its limited healing capacity. Increasing knowledge regarding the importance of articular cartilage for joint preservation has led to increased attention on early identification of cartilage damage as well as degeneration in order to delay osteoarthritis. There are various treatment modalities ranging from preventive management, physical therapy, pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical treatments exist in current literature. However most of the studies have limited long term follow up and mainly consists of small case series and case reports. This is an up to date concise review discussing the available management options for articular cartilage damage starting to lifestyle modification to pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and osteobiologics till various joint preservation techniques that have been in use currently.     

Biomarkers of biological aging in recipients of solid organ transplantation and clinical outcomes: A scoping review

IntroductionBiological aging is the accumulation of cellular and molecular damage within an individual over time. The biological age of a donor organ is known to influence clinical outcomes of solid organ transplantation, including delayed graft function and frequency of rejection episodes. While much research has focused on the biological age of donor organs, the recipient's biological age may also influence transplantation outcomes. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and provide an overview of the existing evidence regarding biological aging in solid organ transplant recipients and the impact on patient outcomes post-transplant.MethodsLiterature searches were carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase and TRIP using the phrases ‘solid organ transplant’, ‘cell senescence’, ‘cell aging’ and ‘outcomes’, using boolean ‘and/or’ phrases and MeSH terms. Duplicates were removed and abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Full papers were then screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data extraction was carried out using a standardised proforma agreed on prior to starting.Results32 studies, including data on a total of 7760 patients, were identified for inclusion in this review; 23 relating to kidney transplant recipients, three to liver transplant, five to lung transplant and one to heart transplantation. A wide range of biomarkers of biological aging have been assessed in kidney transplant recipients, whereas studies of liver, lung and heart transplant have predominantly assessed recipient telomere length. The most robust associations with clinical outcomes are observed in kidney transplant recipients, possibly influenced by the larger number of studies and the use of a wider range of biomarkers of biological aging. In kidney transplant recipients reduced thymic function and accumulation of terminally differentiated T cell populations was associated with reduced risk of acute rejection but increased risk of infection and mortality.ConclusionStudies to date on biological aging in transplant recipients have been heavily biased to kidney transplant recipients. The results from these studies suggest recipient biological age can influence clinical outcomes and future research is needed to prioritise robust biomarkers of biological aging in transplant recipients.