急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层主动脉腔内隔绝术患者的护理

目的探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者围术期的护理对策。方法对15例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉腔内隔绝术,术前给予心理护理,密切观察生命体征、疼痛变化,并积极控制血压和镇痛,术后严密监测并积极控制血压波动,观察切口、肢体血供情况,做好出院指导。结果15例均痊愈出院,无截瘫、支架移位等并发症。结论围术期积极控制血压、合理镇痛,密切观察切口、肢体血供情况,可提高主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗效果和患者存活率。     

主动脉夹层瘤腔内隔绝术的手术配合

对5例主动脉夹层瘤病人在DSA动态监视下进行主动脉夹层瘤腔内隔绝术。术前做好病人心理准备，物品准备，术中密切配合，保证了手术的顺利进行。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后内漏

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后内漏 (ｅｎｄｏｌｅａｋ)是腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗过程中所产生的并发症[1] 。腔内治疗的方法是在腹主动脉瘤腔内放置带膜的血管支架 ,用移植物将循环血流和动脉瘤囊相隔开 ,使动脉瘤不再承受到循环血流的冲击 ,不再承受动脉压的压力 ,腹主动脉瘤不再增大和破裂。如果经过腔内隔绝术后 ,移植物外层的动脉瘤囊内仍有循环血流进入或进出 ,说明动脉瘤未与循环系统完全隔开 ,动脉瘤继续扩大甚至发生破裂 ,导致腹主动脉瘤隔绝手术的失败[2 ,3] 。所有类型移植物的内漏率是 2 4% (12 4/ 5 2 3) ,即发性内漏率约为 17% (89/ 5 2…     

急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层主动脉腔内隔绝术患者的护理

目的 探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者围术期的护理对策.方法 对15例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉腔内隔绝术,术前给予心理护理,密切观察生命体征、疼痛变化,并积极控制血压和镇痛,术后严密监测并积极控制血压波动,观察切口、肢体血供情况,做好出院指导.结果 15例均痊愈出院,无截瘫、支架移位等并发症.结论 围术期积极控制血压、合理镇痛,密切观察切口、肢体血供情况,可提高主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗效果和患者存活率.     

主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后内漏的处理

腔内隔绝术（endovascular exclusion，EVE）最早用于治疗腹主动脉瘤，1994年Dake报道将其用于B型主动脉夹层（aortic dissection，AD）的治疗，国内自1998年开展。在EVE治疗AD的10余年历史中，内漏的预防和处理始终是一个备受关注的问题，现结合笔者的经验讨论AD术后内漏相关的问题。     

腹主动脉腔内隔绝术对血液动力学的影响

腹主动脉瘤常规外科手术方法是动脉瘤切除人造血管替换术,由于该手术创伤大\腹主动脉阻断时间长,术后可能产生心、肺、肾以及脊髓缺血性损伤等并发症。近年来其围手术期死亡率已有所下降,但仍高达2％-10％[1,2]。腹主动脉腔内隔绝术是近几年发展起来的外科新技术,具有创伤小、并发症少及术后康复快等优点。本研究拟比较常规腹主动脉瘤手术和腔内隔绝术对血液动力学、血浆儿茶酚胺浓度及酸碱平衡的影响。     

主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术围手术期的观察与护理

目的:探讨并总结主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术的护理方法.方法:对20例行主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术的患者进行术前及术后的护理,给予患者积极的心理护理和健康教育,密切观察生命体征和术后并发症等.结果:20例患者手术均荻成功,降低了并发症,减轻了患者的痛苦.结论:加强对主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术围手术期患者的病情观察和护理,对提高治愈率、降低并发症的成功及病情康复有重要意义.     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层的价值。方法采用进口支架型移植物对14例主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术治疗。结果14例中13例术后DSA造影均显示破口被成功封闭,1例植入裸支架显示假腔缩窄。术后5例CTA及2例MRA显示假腔内血栓形成。无术中严重并发症及术中死亡。结论腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层明显简化了手术操作,减小了手术风险,疗效确切。尤其是在StanfordB型主动脉夹层中有较大应用价值。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后血小板减少的临床分析

目的　观察胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术 (endovascular graft exclusion,EVGE)后血小板改变 ,分析血小板减少的原因 ,并探讨降低血小板减少幅度的措施。　方法　对 12 4例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者成功施行了EVGE,并于术前 ,术后 2小时 ,术后 1、2、3、4、7和 14天连续采集周围静脉血标本 ,观察血小板计数的变化。　结果10 6例 (85 .5 % )术后出现血小板计数减少 ,血小板减少幅度为术前水平的 30 .3%～ 6 9.3%。第 1～ 2天最低 ,为 (89.5 2± 19.4 7)× 10 9/ L (P<0 .0 5 ) ,此后逐渐回升。出现继发性血小板增多 5 1例。　结论　 EVGE后血小板减少常见 ,其发生原因较多 ,移植物、内皮损伤、肝素、血小板滞留、失血和输血是血小板激活和减少的主要因素。采取适当的措施 ,可能有助于降低血小板减少的幅度 ,避免术后发生出血并发症。     

主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后并发症

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层已进入第二个十年.在第一个十年中,我们大量关注腔内隔绝术与药物保守治疗的对比,比如:研究复杂B型夹层的STABLE (staged total aortic and branch vessel endovascular reconstruction)试验,研究非复杂B型夹层的ADSORB (acute dissection stentgrafting or best medical treatment)试验、INSTEAD (the INvestigation of STnt Grafts in Aortic Dissection)试验等,其结果表明,腔内隔绝术在改善远期主动脉夹层重构、降低远期腔内治疗需要等方面有着积极作用.得到这一肯定的结果,进入第二个十年,我们应该更加关注主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后的各种并发症,从临床和基础科研的不同角度分析其原因,改进手术技巧和腔内移植物,不断降低术后的死亡率和并发症发生率,从而进一步改善主动脉夹层的腔内治疗效果.以下我们对主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后可能发生的主要并发症、处理原则及存在的问题等作一分述.     

Anaesthetic considerations for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)

Over the previous decade, the management of vascular disease has changed considerably. Abdominal aortic aneurysm can now be definitively treated by means of endovascular stenting. Though significant short- and long-term morbidity has been reported, this less invasive procedure is increasing in popularity and has been championed by some as an alternative option for high-risk patients who might otherwise be offered conservative management. We review the perioperative management of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and cover the issues pertinent to anaesthetists.     

Outcomes following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR): an anatomic and device-specific analysis

OBJECTIVE: We performed a device-specific comparison of long-term outcomes following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) to determine the effect(s) of device type on early and late clinical outcomes. In addition, the impact of performing EVAR both within and outside of specific instructions for use (IFU) for each device was examined. METHODS: Between January 8, 1999 and December 31, 2005, 565 patients underwent EVAR utilizing one of three commercially available stent graft devices. Study outcomes included perioperative (< or =30 days) mortality, intraoperative technical complications and need for adjunctive procedures, aneurysm rupture, aneurysm-related mortality, conversion to open repair, reintervention, development and/or resolution of endoleak, device related adverse events (migration, thrombosis, or kinking), and a combined endpoint of any graft-related adverse event (GRAE). Study outcomes were correlated by aneurysm morphology that was within or outside of the recommended device IFU. chi2 and Kaplan Meier methods were used for analysis. RESULTS: Grafts implanted included 177 Cook Zenith (CZ, 31%), 111 Gore Excluder (GE, 20%), and 277 Medtronic AneuRx (MA, 49%); 39.3% of grafts were placed outside of at least one IFU parameter. Mean follow-up was 30 +/- 21 months and was shorter for CZ (20 months CZ vs 35 and 31 months for GE and MA, respectively; P < .001). Overall actuarial 5-year freedom from aneurysm-related death, reintervention, and GRAE was similar among devices. CZ had a lower number of graft migration events (0 CZ vs 1 GE and 9 MA); however, there was no difference between devices on actuarial analysis. Combined GRAE was lowest for CZ (29% CZ, 35% GE, and 43% MA; P = .01). Graft placement outside of IFU was associated with similar 5-year freedom from aneurysm-related death, migration, and reintervention (P > .05), but a lower freedom from GRAE (74% outside IFU vs 86% within IFU; P = .021), likely related to a higher incidence of graft thrombosis (2.3% outside IFU vs 0.3% within IFU; P = .026). The differences in outcome for grafts placed within vs outside IFU were not device-specific. CONCLUSION: EVAR performed with three commercially available devices provided similar clinically relevant outcomes at 5 years, although no graft migration occurred with a suprarenal fixation device. As anticipated, application outside of anatomically specific IFU variables had an incremental negative effect on late results, indicating that adherence to such IFU guidelines is appropriate clinical practice.     

Single-center experience of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients not participating in the U.K. EVAR trials

The objective was to evaluate outcomes of a high-risk patient cohort following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) treatment not entered into the U.K. endovascular stent-graft aortic aneurysm repair trials (EVAR-1 or -2) because of equipoise absence but where EVAR was judged to be the most appropriate intervention option on compassionate grounds. A single-center retrospective analysis was performed involving all patients undergoing compassionate EVAR treatment during the EVAR-1 and -2 trial period. Over an 8-year period, 34 patients underwent compassionate EVAR procedure. The mean (SD) age was 76 (79) years. The mean (SD) preoperative physiology score (P-POSSUM) was 25 (8.3) with a mean (SD) predicted early mortality of 9.9% (16%). The actual early mortality in our study was 2.9% and morbidity was 35%. There were 8 cases of endoleak: type I (n = 2), type II (n = 5), and type IV (n = 1). Aneurysm-related mortality and all-cause mortality after 8 years were 5.8% and 23.5% respectively. Satisfactory outcome with low mortality (2.9%) and morbidity can be achieved in patients with compassionate indications, where clinicians judge EVAR to be an advantage over open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Based on our study, the early mortality (2.9%) in our compassionate EVAR group is comparable to EVAR-1 outcomes (1.7%) and better than EVAR-2 mortality results (9%). EVAR should therefore not be denied to a significant number of high-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm patients who fall between the EVAR-1 and EVAR-2 criteria.     

Hypogastric artery embolization in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

PURPOSE: Iliac artery anatomy is a central factor in endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm therapy. It serves as the conduit for graft deployment and as the region of distal graft seal. Thirty-eight percent of iliac vessels in our patients require special treatment because of aneurysms, tortuosity, or small size. Bilateral hypogastric artery exclusion has been avoided because of concerns of colorectal ischemia, hip/buttock claudication, and impotence. We suggest that elective, staged, bilateral hypogastric embolization can be performed safely with reasonably low morbidity and can expand the anatomic boundaries for stent-graft abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS: This study was performed as a retrospective chart review of patients requiring hypogastric artery embolization for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms between June 1998 and June 2000. Patients with otherwise appropriate anatomy and common iliac artery aneurysms were informed of the option for stent-graft repair with internal iliac artery embolization with its risks of impotence, hip/buttock claudication, and bowel ischemia. Patients underwent unilateral or staged bilateral coil embolizations of their proximal hypogastric arteries with an approximate 1-week interval between procedures. Hospital and office records were reviewed; phone interviews were performed. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 12 months. RESULTS: During a 24-month period, 65 patients underwent endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; 18 patients (28%) required hypogastric artery embolization. Seven (39%) of these patients underwent bilateral embolization. There were no episodes of clinically evident bowel ischemia. Lactate levels were normal in all measured patients. Postoperative fevers (> 101.0 degrees F) were documented in 10 (56%) of 18 patients. The average white blood cell count was 12.8 x 10(9)/L (range, 8.5-22.9). There were no positive blood culture results. The return to the full preoperative diet occurred in 1 to 3 days. Hip/buttock claudication occurred in approximately 50% of patients with persistent but improved symptoms at 6 months. Eighty-seven percent of patients had preoperative erectile dysfunction. Only two patients noted worsening of erectile function postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate that bilateral hypogastric artery embolization can be performed, when necessary, with reasonable morbidity in patients undergoing stent-graft abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.     

Hybrid laparorobotic debranching and endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm

Surgical debranching and endovascular repair is an attractive hybrid approach in high-risk patients with thoracoabdominal aneurysms unsuitable for conventional open repair. Vascular laparorobotic technology is an evolving field in the treatment of aortoiliac and aneurysmal disease. Herein we present a case in which hybrid laparorobotic debranching and endovascular repair was performed in a patient with a symptomatic 7 cm thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm extent III. The laparorobotic approach was utilized for iliac artery exposure and suturing of the proximal anastomosis of the debranching graft. The technique was also useful in limiting the extent of the abdominal incision in a patient with severe comorbidities. Advantages of computer-assisted robotic vascular reconstruction include a high-resolution three-dimensional field of view and technical precision for vascular dissection and anastomosis.     

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

In treating uncomplicated abdominal aortic aenurysm, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been employed as a good alternative to open repair with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, the aneurysm can enlarge or rupture even after EVAR as a result of device failure, endoleak, or graft migration. We experienced two cases of aneurismal rupture after EVAR, which were successfully treated by surgical extra-anatomic bypass.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂动脉瘤的处理策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤的腔内修复术(EVAR)方法。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月—2014年3月35例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤行EVAR术患者资料,其中9例合并单侧髂内动脉瘤,1例合并双侧髂内动脉瘤,14例合并单侧髂总动脉瘤(直径18 mm),11例合并双侧髂总动脉瘤,所用腔内技术包括栓塞髂内动脉瘤后覆盖,髂内动脉瘤单纯覆盖,"喇叭口"支架,以及"三明治"技术重建一侧髂内动脉等。结果:所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间(125±40)min,出血量(173±65)m L。术中发现内漏8例(22.9%),其中I型内漏4例(近端2例,远端2例)均经球囊扩张后内漏消失,III型内漏1例,经扩张及部分加弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,II型内漏2例及IV型内漏1例,均未予处理。35例术后随访6~60个月,无动脉瘤破裂,2例术后6个月发现腹主动脉瘤体增大,造影确诊远端I型内漏,经弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,其余33例瘤体直径无增大。结论:对于合并髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,有效处理髂内动脉,然后根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的治疗方法可以达到理想的近期效果。     

Cost-effectiveness of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

BACKGROUND: The rapid introduction of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has considerable implications for the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study was undertaken to determine an optimal strategy for the use of EVAR based on the best currently available evidence. METHODS: Economic modelling and probabilistic sensitivity analysis considered reference cases representing a fit 70-year-old with a 5.5-cm diameter AAA (RC1) and an 80-year-old with a 6.5-cm AAA unfit for open surgery (RC2). Results were assessed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) compared with open repair (RC1) or conservative management (RC2). RESULTS: In RC1 EVAR produced a gain of 0.10 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for an estimated cost of 11,449 pound, giving an ICER of 110,000 pound per QALY. EVAR consistently had an ICER above 30,000 pound per QALY over a range of sensitivity analyses and alternative scenarios. In RC2 EVAR produced an estimated benefit of 1.64 QALYs for an incremental cost of 14,077 pound giving an incremental cost per QALY of 8579 pound. CONCLUSION:: It is unlikely that EVAR for fit patients suitable for open repair is within the commonly accepted range of cost-effectiveness for a new technology. For those unfit for conventional open repair it is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to non-operative management. Sensitivity analysis suggests that research efforts should concentrate on determining accurate rates for late complications and reintervention, particularly in patients with high operative risks.