肝移植受者照顾者真实照护体验的质性研究

目的了解肝移植受者照顾者在照料患者期间的感受,为针对性干预提供依据。方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对肝移植受者照顾者16人进行半结构式深度访谈后对资料进行归纳分析。结果提炼出照护任务繁重、心理负担过重、缺乏专业支持、适应角色转变、实现自我价值5个主题。结论肝移植受者照顾者存在较重的心身压力,医护人员在对肝移植患者进行随访的同时,需对其照顾者提借知识指导及心理支持,以减轻照顾者心身负担。     

青少年炎症性肠病患者家庭照顾者照护体验及需求的质性研究

目的 深入了解青少年炎症性肠病患者家庭照顾者的照护体验及需求,为临床制定针对炎症性肠病家庭健康教育策略提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样法,于2023年7月选取青少年炎症性肠病患者家庭照顾者16名,以现象学研究方法对其进行半结构式访谈收集资料,应用Colaizzi现象学7步分析法归纳分析并提炼主题。结果 共提炼出5个主题和14个亚主题,即承受复杂的心理负担（不相信和不接受、担忧和焦虑、自责和愧疚）,面临沉重的家庭照护负担（家庭经济陷入困境、家庭氛围紧张、家庭生活节奏打乱）,需要充足的内部知识储备（提升疾病相关知识、沟通能力）,需要完善的外部支持系统（依赖家庭的支持、相同经历的家庭抱团取暖、拒绝被社会“特殊化”）,感知的积极变化（适应照顾者角色、人生要素重新排序、生活行为调整）。结论 青少年炎症性肠病患者家庭照顾者存在复杂的心理体验和沉重的照护负担,医护人员应重视照顾者心理负担,加强疾病相关知识、技能的宣教,并联合家庭和社会多支持系统,帮助照顾者识别积极的照护体验,从而改善其心理状态,减轻照护负担,提升照护质量。     

晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者负担体验的质性研究

目的探讨晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者负担体验的存在现状及影响因素,为制定针对性、个体化的有效干预提供依据。方法对8名晚期肺癌患者家属进行半结构式深入访谈。结果晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者普遍存在负担体验,特点为心理负担明显;社会角色发生改变;日常生活受到影响;照护知识缺乏和经济负担沉重。结论晚期肺癌患者家庭照顾者存在严重的身心负担体验,在角色转变及心理调整方面尤为明显,家庭、医院、社区应积极配合协调,采取有效的支持措施减轻照顾者的负担。     

食管癌患者主要照顾者照顾体验的质性研究

目的 探讨食管癌患者术后主要照顾者的照顾体验,为今后制定更为系统、全面的护理干预方案提供依据.方法 采用现象学研究方法,于河南省某医院胸外科进行调查,选取8名食管癌患者照顾者进行非结构式访谈,并以Colaizzi现象学研究法分析资料.结果 通过对资料的整理及反复阅读、分析、反思、分类和提炼,食管癌患者术后主要照顾者的照...     

乳腺癌患者照顾者照护体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的系统评价乳腺癌患者照顾者的照护体验,为指导医院、社区及居家的延续性护理提供参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、Medline、CNKI、CBM、Wanfang Data、VIP数据库,检索关于乳腺癌患者照顾者照护体验的质性研究,检索时限均从建库至2018年3月。采用NoteExpress软件筛选和分析文献、澳大利亚JBI卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准(2017)评价文献及Meta整合方法对结果进行整合。结果共纳入9篇文献,提炼50个结果,归纳组合为9个新类别,整合成4个结果:照顾者渴望疾病和治疗信息,但医务人员提供的信息不能满足其需求;照顾者尽力帮助患者,二者关系增强;照顾者身心负担重,渴望得到家庭及外界支持;照顾者的生活方式改变,但逐渐面对现实,主动增强自身照护能力,承担家庭重任,胜任力建立。结论照顾者照护体验到照顾负担、信息和支持需求,且在照顾过程中照护能力提升。政府、医疗机构、社区应重视乳腺癌对照顾者的影响,了解并尊重其需求,为照顾者提供照护指导,给予物质和精神支持,提高照护能力,促进乳腺癌患者及照顾者的身心健康。     

颅内肿瘤患者亲属照顾者心理体验的质性研究

目的深入了解颅内肿瘤开颅手术治疗患者亲属照顾者在照护期间的心理感受。方法对8名颅内肿瘤开颅手术患者照顾者进行半结构式访谈,采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法分析资料。结果提炼出不确定感、承受身心压力、希望的支撑3个关于照顾者感受的主要概念和不可预测的手术风险、复杂的术后表现、不明确的预后、恐惧和焦虑、自我谴责、被动接受、照顾知识缺乏、生活方式改变8个次要概念。结论颅内肿瘤手术患者照顾者的照顾感受包括消极和积极两个方面,迫切需要得到医务人员的专业支持,采取针对性的干预措施来减轻照顾者的身心压力应成为护理的重要任务。     

脊髓损伤患者主要照顾者积极体验的质性研究

目的从积极心理学角度了解脊髓损伤患者照顾者的照顾感受,为采取措施有效提高照顾者积极体验提供参考。方法对8名脊髓损伤患者主要照顾者进行深入访谈,采用Colaizzi分析法对资料进行分析、整理、并提炼主题。结果提炼出4个主题,即经历明显的心路历程变化以适应照顾生活,同伴交流以减轻照顾压力,相互扶持,规划未来新生活。结论尽管脊髓损伤患者照顾者照顾负担十分沉重,但在长期的照顾过程中,他们开始适应照顾生活,逐渐从重大的创伤事件所带来的影响中走出并获得成长。     

晚期癌痛患者照顾者不同诊疗阶段照护需求的质性研究

目的 深入了解晚期癌痛患者照顾者不同阶段的照护需求,为照顾者制定阶段性导向式健康指导提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样法,选取天津市某三级甲等医院14例癌痛患者的照顾者为访谈对象。采用描述性质性研究方法分别在患者入院当天、出院前1d、出院1～2周、出院1个月、出院3个月,进行为期3个月的个案纵向追踪,运用内容分析法分析资料和提炼主题。结果 共提炼出4个主题：首次疼痛治疗科住院阶段,镇痛及相关信息的需求;出院准备阶段,居家癌痛应对与不良反应处理的需求;出院1～2周,医护人员监督随访及上门服务的需求;出院1～3个月,照顾者身心社灵的健康需求。结论 照顾者照护需求具有多样化特点,医护人员应根据患者诊疗的不同阶段,为照顾者提供针对性的个性化照护支持,通过满足照顾者照护需求,进而提高患者照护质量。     

失能老年人家庭照顾者照顾负担及喘息服务需求调查

目的 了解失能老年人家庭照顾者的照顾负担和喘息服务的需求情况，为开展针对性喘息服务项目提供参考。 方法 采用照顾者负担量表和喘息服务需求问卷对南京市111名失能老年人的家庭照顾者进行调查。 结果 失能老年人家庭照顾者的照顾负担为（32.53±13.67）分；82.0%失能老年人家庭照顾者有着不同程度的照顾负担；其照顾负担与是否有其他人共同照顾老年人、照顾者是否与老年人同住以及老年人的失能水平有关。67.6%照顾者表示需要喘息服务；需要喘息服务的家庭照顾者的照顾负担得分显著高于不需要或者不确定是否需要者（P＜0.05）。 结论 失能老年人家庭照顾者照顾负担较普遍，对喘息服务需求较高。建议政府部门通过制定政策、财政投入和专业评价等方式为喘息服务提供支持，以减轻照顾者负担。     

安宁疗护患者家庭照顾者出院过渡期照护困境的质性研究

目的 深入探讨安宁疗护患者家庭照顾者出院过渡期的照护困境,为制定过渡期安宁疗护干预方案提供依据。方法 以目的抽样法抽取安宁疗护患者家庭主要照顾者12人,采用现象学研究方法,以一对一形式进行半结构深入访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法分析访谈资料,提炼主题。结果 提炼出3个主题9个亚主题,即角色应对困难（难以适应环境转变、难以独立照护患者、难以应对情感压力）、缺乏以家庭为中心的支持（出院照护准备不足、家庭社会支持不足、信息资源匮乏）、照护需求多样化（希望获得连续性护理服务、渴望获得居家照顾知识和技能、有意识的心理准备和哀伤辅导）。结论 安宁疗护患者家庭照顾者出院过渡期照护困境复杂多样,存在多维度护理需求。医护人员应组建安宁疗护多学科团队,联合社会各方力量共同帮助照顾者克服患者出院过渡期照护困境,改善照顾者身心健康。     

Stress among the family caregivers of liver transplant recipients

CONTEXT: Family members of liver transplant patients continue caregiving activities for a lengthy period after transplantation. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of stress-related factors on psychological distress and perceived health of family caregivers of liver transplant recipients. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four caregivers of liver transplant recipients treated at a liver unit serving the northern part of Israel. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearlin's caregiving stress questionnaire was administered to assess the subscales of patients' symptoms as perceived by caregivers, caregiving activities, perceived overload, relational deprivation, personal gain, and social support; also, a depression questionnaire and a perceived caregivers' health questionnaire were administered to participants. RESULTS: Caregivers experienced considerable caregiving overload. Women reported performing more caregiving activities, higher perceived overload, and higher level of depression than men. Increasing passage of time since transplantation, higher perceived overload, higher sense of relational deprivation, and lower sense of personal gain were significantly associated with higher level of depression and worse perceived health. Perceived support and level of depression were not significantly associated with perceived health. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiving stress endures after transplantation. Professional intervention is needed to improve caregivers' quality of life and, consequently, that of transplant recipients as well.     

A qualitative needs assessment of persons who have experienced traumatic brain injury and their primary family caregivers

OBJECTIVES: To determine the expressed needs of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their primary family caregivers. DESIGN: Semistructured interviews with content-analytic techniques to identify respondents' needs. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty persons with TBI, with an average time since their most severe TBI of 5.8 years, and 85 primary support persons. RESULTS: Respondents described their needs via phases that paralleled transitions in settings, treatments, and responsibilities (ie, acute care, in-patient rehabilitation, return home, and living in the community). Prominent themes during in-patient phases included provider quality, emotional support, and understanding the injuries. Prominent themes during the latter 2 phases included guidance, life planning, community integration, and behavioral and emotional issues. CONCLUSIONS: Participants reported insufficient education and preparation for the future. Current methods of identifying needs may not be based on these populations' perceptions, and often miss the natural divisions of needs that occur over the course of treatment and rehabilitation. To meet their needs, services must be responsive to changes in needs over time, accessible to consumers of services for as long as they are required, and designed to be directed and customized by users.     

Stress-inducing factors in ICUs: what liver transplant recipients experience and what caregivers perceive.

The aim of this study was to compare a number of potentially stress-generating factors related to an intensive care unit (ICU) stay from the points of view of patients undergoing liver transplantation or elective major abdominal surgery and their caregivers in order to identify differences and similarities that may help to optimize patient care. The ICU Environmental Stressor Scale questionnaire was administered to 104 liver transplant recipients, 103 major abdominal surgery patients, 35 nurses and 21 physicians. The ICU staff were asked to complete the questionnaire on the basis of their perception of patient stressors. Both patient groups identified Being unable to sleep, Being in pain, Having tubes in nose/mouth, Missing husband/wife, and Seeing family and friends only a few minutes a day as the major stressors; the healthcare providers correctly identified the most stressing factors for the patients, but gave them higher scores. The mean scores were 71.9 +/- 18.7 for the transplant recipients, 66.3 +/- 20.9 for the patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery, 99.7 +/- 19.2 for the nurses, and 92.7 +/- 16.1 for the physicians (P < 0.001). The qualitative evaluations of potentially stress-inducing ICU situations were substantially the same in the 2 patient groups, but the transplant recipients seemed to feel them more acutely. Although the caregivers identified the most discomforting situations, they overestimated the degree of stress they cause. The staff of each ICU should therefore seek to understand and reduce (even by means of simple interventions) the particular causes of psychophysical stress felt by their patients.