低龄老年人时间银行互助养老模式的参与意愿调查

目的了解城市低龄老年人对时间银行互助养老模式的参与意愿,探讨促进低龄老年人参与时间银行的激励政策。方法采用自设时间银行互助养老模式参与意愿问卷,调查杭州市397名60~69岁低龄老年人的参与意愿。结果 79.6%低龄老年人愿意尝试时间银行互助养老模式;回归分析结果显示,政治面貌为中共党员、有宗教信仰、自评健康状况较好、无主要疾病的低龄老年人更愿意参与时间银行互助养老模式(P0.05,P0.01)。低龄老年人愿意提供的服务类型排名前3位的是陪伴服务(65.2%)、家政服务(36.8%)、生活照料服务(32.2%);愿意兑换的服务内容需求最强烈的是家政服务(39.5%)、陪伴服务(36.8%)、医疗卫生服务(28.7%)。结论杭州市低龄老年人的参与意愿较高,在时间银行目前的发展形势下,可优先发展中共党员、自评健康状况较好的低龄老年人参与时间银行互助养老模式;设置多样性的服务内容和兑换形式以供老年人选择,促进时间银行互助养老模式的发展完善。     

老年人视角下社区嵌入式养老服务的质性研究

目的 基于老年人视角了解其对社区嵌入式养老的认知、选择意愿和需求,为完善该养老模式提供参考.方法 自拟提纲对武汉市6个社区的12名老年人进行半结构式一对一深入访谈,分析资料,提炼主题.结果 提炼出社区嵌入式养老认知欠缺,养老方式选择意愿(家庭养老,视自理能力入住社区内养老机构,入住商业养老机构),养老服务需求(上门服务,入住养老机构,日间照料)3个主题及6个下属主题.结论 老年人对社区嵌入式养老的认知度较低,养老服务需求呈多元化特点.相关管理部门应加大宣传力度,完善相关政策和制度,同时推动养老服务标准化及人才队伍建设,以促进社区嵌入式养老模式良性发展.     

积极老龄化背景下老年人互助养老的研究进展

介绍互助养老的概念，阐述国内外老年人互助养老发展现状，总结互助养老参与意愿影响因素，包括年龄、文化程度、经济状况、健康状况、代际关系，提出互助养老模式发展建议，旨在为提高我国老年人互助养老参与度、实现积极老龄化提供可行性建议。     

智慧养老护理背景下我国老年人新媒介素养现状及启示

对当前智慧养老护理背景下,我国老年人新媒介素养现状的研究进展进行综述,包括老年人新媒介的整体接触情况、接触的目的和动机、老年人对新媒介的认知和评判,及老年人对新媒介信息的应用和制作能力现状等,并阐述对智慧养老的启示。     

医院护士参与志愿养老服务体验的质性研究

目的 了解医院护士参加志愿养老服务的体验,为制定志愿服务策略、促进志愿养老服务发展提供参考。 方法 采用目的抽样法选取18名医院护士进行一对一半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。 结果 共提炼出医院护士参与志愿养老服务体验的3个主题7个次主题：双重动机（职业价值倡导,个人价值追求）;收获与挑战（积极情绪体验,自我成长与发展,困难与挑战）;反思与期望（志愿团队缺乏组织与管理,志愿服务需要个人-组织-社区共同参与）。 结论 护士在参与志愿养老服务过程中获得积极的情感体验和自我成长的机会,也遇到一定的压力;应增强护士志愿动机,减少志愿服务障碍,促进个人、组织和社区的共同参与。     

政府购买社区养老服务城乡供需现状比较分析

目的 探讨政府购买社区养老服务在城镇和农村的供需特点,为制定养老服务政策、提供以需求为导向的养老服务提供参考.方法 通过便利抽样选取温州市享有政府购买社区养老服务的老年人为调查对象,采用自制问卷对养老服务的供给和需求情况进行调查,分析城乡差异.结果 分别调查城镇老年人439人,农村老年人397人.城镇老年人对生活照料、...     

社区老人智力活动与认知功能状况研究

目的探讨老年人智力活动与认知功能的关系。方法采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表、一般人口学资料调查问卷和智力活动调查表对杭州市528位社区老年人进行认知功能和智力活动调查。结果 528名老年人认知功能得分25.65±2.59;智力活动参与得分2.00(1.00,2.00);是否参与玩棋牌纸牌麻将游戏和是否演奏乐器对老年人认知功能有显著影响(均P0.01);各认知域受损程度最高的是延迟回忆与视空间与执行功能。结论护理人员要重视老年人的认知功能下降并给予合理帮助,让老年人认识智力活动的重要性,提高积极性,科学参与,丰富晚年生活质量,改善认知功能。     

养老机构老年人社会参与现状及影响因素

目的 了解养老机构老年人社会参与现状,分析其影响因素.方法 采用方便抽样法,选取重庆市243名养老机构老年人,采用一般资料调查表、Barthel指数评定表、中文版自主参与测评问卷、社会支持评定量表、老化态度问卷进行横断面调查.结果 养老机构老年人社会参与得分为(31.70±15.52)分;多元线性回归显示,自理能力、老...     

基于CLHLS的老年人社区养老服务需求及影响因素研究

目的 分析社区现有养老服务内容以及老年人对社区养老服务的护理需求,为政府合理分配社区养老服务资源,提高老年人生活质量提供参考.方法 基于2017?2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素追踪调查数据(CLHLS),采集有关老年人期望社区提供的养老服务需求与社区供给情况,以及老年人人口学、社会经济状况、健康状况相关数据,运用...     

老年人社区嵌入式养老服务需求及影响因素研究

目的 了解老年人社区对嵌入式养老服务的需求意愿，分析影响因素，为满足老年人多元化的养老需求提供参考。方法 方便抽取832名老年人进行问卷调查。结果 老年人对社区嵌入式养老服务需求率为19.2%。logistic回归分析显示，文化程度、就医频率、子女数量、自理能力、对现阶段养老方式的满意度及社区嵌入式养老是否满足自身养老需求，是老年人社区嵌入式养老需求的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 老年人对社区嵌入式养老服务的需求意愿较低，受多方面因素的影响。需提高老年人对社区嵌入式养老的认识。     

低龄老年人社区内工作重建方案的构建与实践

目的 构建低龄老年人社区内工作重建方案，观察实践效果。方法 建立工作重建干预团队，构建低龄老年人社区内工作重建干预方案，选取社区20名低龄老年人展开实践，6个月后评价效果。结果 20名低龄老年人共参加10类工作重建项目，均按计划获得相应报酬；工作重建后老年人生活满意度、正性情绪得分显著提升，负性情绪得分显著下降(均P<0.05)。结论 社区内工作重建可使参与者获益，提升主观幸福感。     

护士主导的全科团队家访服务对居家老年人生活质量的影响

目的评价护士主导的全科团队家访服务对社区居家老年人生活质量的影响。方法将144名高龄居家老年人按照居住街道分为干预组(74例)和对照组(70例)。干预组接受护士主导的全科团队家访服务,包括健康评估、健康问题排序及慢性病指导、心理护理、日常生活指导和居家安全宣教等个体化家访服务;对照组接受常规社区卫生服务。比较两组干预前、干预后3个月、6个月生活质量。结果两组高龄居家老年人生活质量的生理领域、环境领域、心理领域、社会领域评分比较,干预效应、时间效应及交互效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论护士主导的全科团队家访服务能显著改善高龄居家老年人的生活质量,此服务模式具有可操作性和实用性。     

Factors influencing exercise participation by older adults requiring chronic hemodialysis: a qualitative study

Despite the recognized health and psychosocial benefits of exercise for older adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), exercise participation remains poor. Previous research has attributed low levels of exercise to patient-related factors such as lack of motivation and fear of adverse consequences. This qualitative study involving focus group discussions with hemodialysis patients, nephrology nurses, and family care providers explored specific motivators and barriers to exercise participation in older adults requiring hemodialysis. Nurse participants were chosen for the health care provider focus groups because their prolonged and sustained contact with hemodialysis patients during the dialysis treatment sessions positions them well to encourage and promote exercise. Motivators to exercise included patient aspirations to exercise and their experiences of improvements from exercising, as well as the formal incorporation of exercise into the overall dialysis treatment plan. Barriers to exercise included nurses’ lack of encouragement to exercise, transportation issues, and the use of exercise equipment that precludes participation by patients who recline during dialysis and inhibits exercise encouragement by nurses due to concerns of equipment-related injury. These findings support the need for a broader recognition of the systemic factors that may impede exercise participation by older adults requiring hemodialysis. A shift is required in the culture of ESRD treatment programs towards a wellness perspective that includes expectations of exercise encouragement by the health care team and participation by patients.     

十堰市城区老年人工具性日常生活活动能力及相关因素调查

目的了解十堰市城区老年人工具性日常生活活动能力状况,分析功能状况的相关因素及预测因子。方法采用人口社会学特征量表和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）量表对148名≥65岁老年人进行调查。结果59．5％老年人能在社区完全独立的生活,40．5%老年人至少某项活动需要他人协助完成;老年人购物及乘公交车外出的能力较低。患慢性病数目、年龄、教育程度、月收入及居住状况与IADL评分显著相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;患慢性病数目、年龄、月收入及居住状况是IADL评分的预测因子。结论十堰市城区近50％老年人不能完全独立的生活;患多种慢性病、高龄、经济困难、与子孙同住的老年人功能下降及丧失的危险性更大。政府部门、社会及社区、社区护士、家人应共同采取措施延缓社区老年人功能衰退的速度。     

Measurement properties of a modified measure of participation for persons with spinal cord injury

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine and refine a modified measure of participation for adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) based on a conceptual model of participation.

Method: This study involved secondary analysis of data from a larger study designed to identify a standard measure of participation for use in SCI research. The larger study recruited 634 community-dwelling adults with SCI from seven collaborating SCI Model Systems Centers, of whom 520 subjects (average age 45.1 ± 13.6 years, 76% were male) completed the survey that is the focus of the present analysis. Content review, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch analysis, and precision analysis were employed to select the items for the modified participation measure.

Results: Three participation domains were supported: Productivity, Social, and Community, that displayed good model-fit (CFI=0.984, TLI=0.982, RMSEA=0.043) in CFA and good item-fit (infit= 0.6 to 1.4) in Rasch analysis. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was found in one item, however its magnitude was small. The precision of each scale was better for participants in the middle range of participation and was lower for participants with extremely low or high participation.

Conclusion: The study results support the proposed three-dimensional construct of participation by demonstrating good model-fit and item-fit. Ongoing efforts are needed to expand the domain coverage and increase the precision of the instrument.     

Toward an explanatory model of social participation for adults with traumatic brain injury

OBJECTIVE: To identify resiliency factors that could improve social participation for adults with traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Cross-sectional single measurement, correlational and exploratory study, including quantitative and qualitative data. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-three community-dwelling people with sequelae of traumatic brain injury, individually interviewed, which included filling out questionnaires and answering open-ended questions. MAIN MEASURES: Social participation, self-efficacy, and positive mental states. RESULTS: Dynamism, self-efficacy, and will account for 51% of the variance in social participation and are the main resiliency factors. Fatigue is one of the sequelae that pose the greatest challenge to self-efficacy and limit social participation. CONCLUSION: Resiliency factors constitute a target for research and intervention for this population.     

Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Displaced Older Adults Following the 1999 Taiwan Earthquake

This longitudinal study examines changes in depressive symptoms among displaced older Taiwanese adults (N = 54, M = 68 years), and the impact of various social supports for them at between 6 and 12 months after an earthquake. The average depression score between 6 and 12 months following the earthquake was unchanged and kept high score. Child and extended family support levels related to depressive symptoms after 6 months. In contrast, after 12 months, significant factors associated with a lessening of the depressive symptoms were social support from the extended family and neighbors, and social participation. Intervention to promote increased social networks and social participation, within their new environment in a temporary community, is highly recommended for older adults.     

The cost of clinically significant urinary storage symptoms for community dwelling adults in the UK

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the cost of clinically significant urinary storage symptoms (CSUSS), including costs borne by the National Health Service (NHS) and individuals, in terms of the use of goods and services in community-dwelling adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were community-dwelling adults aged >/= 40 years and living in Leicestershire. The prevalence of CSUSS was estimated using a postal questionnaire with a randomly selected sample of 23 182 respondents. The costs associated with CSUSS were estimated using home interviews with 613 cases with and 523 subjects without CSUSS. Cases were defined on the basis of urinary symptoms of leakage, urgency, frequency and nocturia. Willingness-to-pay was used to measure intangible costs as an indicator of the value of alleviating symptoms. RESULTS: The estimated total annual cost to the NHS for treating CSUSS cases in community-dwelling adults was pound 536 million at 1999/2000 prices ( pound 303 million and pound 233 million for men and women, respectively). The total value of costs borne by individuals was estimated to be pound 207 million ( pound 29 million and pound 178 million for men and women, respectively). This gives total annual costs related to the use of services of pound 743 million. There were large intangible costs borne by individuals estimated to be pound 669 million ( pound 301 and pound 368 million for men and women) for the UK in terms of willingness-to-pay. CONCLUSIONS: The costs of CSUSS in the community amounted to approximately 1.1% of overall NHS spending for 1999/2000. Personally borne and intangible costs are also large and important components of the costs of CSUSS. There are large gender differences in the proportion of costs borne by the NHS, i.e. 91% of male and 57% of female costs.